第九講跨國(guó)企業(yè)與農(nóng)產(chǎn)品國(guó)際貿(mào)易的產(chǎn)業(yè)組織Lecture9MultinationalAgribusinessandAgriculturalTrade中國(guó)人民大學(xué)農(nóng)業(yè)與農(nóng)村發(fā)展學(xué)院曾寅初YinchuZengSchoolofAgriculturalEconomicsandRuralDevelopmentRenminUniversityofChinaContentPart1ConcentrationTrendinFoodIndustryPart2GobalPlayersintheFoodandBeverageindustryPart3StrategicProfilesofWFBTop30Part4ClusterofFirmsinAgri-FoodBusinessPart5“ABCD”ofWFGlobalPlayersandChinaPart1ConcentrationTrendinFoodIndustryConcentrationTrendinFoodIndustry:1990s(1)CR4istheconcentrationratio(relativeto100%)ofthetopfourfirmsinaspecificfoodindustryBeefPackers1999CR4=81%79%(1998),76%(1995),72%(1990)1Tyson(IBPInc.)2ConAgraBeefCompanies3Caigill(ExcelCorporation)4FarmlandNationalBeefPkg.Co.Source:USDA“AssessmentoftheCattleandHogIndustries,2000.PorkPackers1999CR4=59%44%(1992),40%(1990),34%(1989),37%(1987)1Smithfield2Tyson(IBPInc.)3ConAgra(Swift)4Cargill(Excel)Source:FeedstuffsReferenceIssue(2001)andTysonAnnualReprot(2001)Note:IncudingFarmlandIndustriesandHormelFoodscreatesaCR6=75%(NYTimes,1/7/99)ProkProduction1999CR4=46%1Smithfieldfoods710，000(NumberofSowsin2001)2PremiumStandardFarms(ContiGroup)211,1003SeaboardCorporation185,0004TriuphPorkGroup140,000Source:USDAHogandPigReport(October2001),SuccessfulFarming(October2001).ConcentrationTrendinFoodIndustry:1990s(2)Broilers1999CR4=50%49%(1998),46%(1994),44%(1990),35%(1986)1TysonFoods2GoldKist3PilgrimsPride4ConAgraSource:FeedstuffsReferenceIssue(2001)andOmabaWorld-Herad9/3/2000.Turkeys1999CR4=45%40%(1996),38%(1994).35%(1992),33%(1992),31%(1988)1Hormel(Jennie-OTurkeys)2Butterball(ConAgra)3CargillTurkeys4PilgrimsPrideSource:NationalTurkeyFedaration(2000).AnimalFeedPlants1999CR4=25%AnnualCapacity1LandOLakeFarmlandFeedLLC/PurinaMills15.7Milliontons2CargillAnimalNutrition(Nutrena)8.0Milliontons3ADM(Moormans)3.2Milliontons4J.D.Heiskill&Co.2.8MilliontonsSource:FeedstuffsReferenceIssue(2001)ConcentrationTrendinFoodIndustry:1990s(3)TerminalGrainHandlingFacilities1999CR4=60%1Cargill40,054,000(FacilityCapacityinBushels)2CenexHarvestState31,359,0003ADM30,000,0004GeneralMills17,369,000Source:2002GrainandMillingA.Note:WhenNo.5(LouisDreyfus)andNo.6(ConAgra:Peavey)areincluded,CR6=74%.CornExports1999CR3=81%1Cargill-ContinentalGrain2ADM3ZenNohSource:F,March2001.SoybeanExports1999CR3=65%1Cargill-ContinentalGrain2ADM3ZenNohSource:F,March2001.ConcentrationTrendinFoodIndustry:1990s(4)FourMilling2001CR4=61%,44%(1987),40%(1982)1ADMMilling298,8002ConAgra250,500(DailyMillingCapacityinBushels)3Cargill220,0004GeneralMills93,700Source:2002GrainandMillingAnnual.SoybeanCrushing1996CR4=80%,71%(1987),61%(1982),54%(1977)1ADM2Cargill3Bunge4AGPSource:Feegstuffs(9/22/1997).CensusofManufacturing.EthanolProduction2001CR4=49%,67%(1999),73%(1995),73%(1987)1ADM9502MinnesotaCornProcessors140(mil.Gal/year)3WilliamsEnergyServices1354Cargill110Source:/prodcap.htmlDairyProcessors(AnnualSalesin