語法知識一、詞類：1、名詞這里強調兩點：不可數名詞都默認為單數，所以總是用is名詞復數如何加后綴：各種不同情況變化方法例詞一般情況直接加-sbook-books bag-bags cat-cats bed-beds以s. x. sh. ch結尾加-esbus-buses box-boxes brush-brusheswatch-watches peachpeaches glass-glasses以“輔音字母+y”結尾變y為i, 再加-esfamily-families study-studies以“f或fe”結尾變f或fe為v，再加-esknife-knives不規(guī)則名詞復數man-men woman-women policeman-policemen policewoman-policewomen mouse-mice foot-feet child-children fish-fish Chinese-Chinese2、 人稱代詞和物主代詞人稱代詞物主代詞單數復數單數復數主格賓格主格賓格形容詞性形容詞性第一人稱I（我）mewe（我們）usmy（我的）our（我們的）第二人稱you（你）youyou（你們）youyour（你的）your（你們的）第三人稱he（他）himthey（他/她/它們）themhis（他的）their（他/她/它們的）she（她）herher（她的）it（它）itit（它的）人稱代詞： 有主格和賓格之分。 一般動詞前用主格，動詞后用賓格。3、指示代詞指近處指遠處單數this （這個）that （那個）復數these（這些）those（那些）4、冠詞有a、an、the。a和an的區(qū)別：an用于元音音素（一般就是元音字母a、e、i、o、u）前，a用于輔音音素前。二、否定句：be動詞（am、is、are）+not、情態(tài)動詞can+ not、助動詞（do、does） + not如何將一個肯定的陳述句改為否定句：1、看句中有無be動詞，如有，直接在be動詞后+ not。2、看句中有無情態(tài)動詞，如有，直接在情態(tài)動詞后+ not。3、如上述二者都沒有，就應用助動詞+ not。分四個步驟：（1）肯定陳述句中本來是沒有助動詞的，要加上去，位置在主語（某人或某物）后，動詞前。（2）確定助動詞用do、does，根據句中動詞，動詞是原形的助動詞就用do，動詞是第三人稱單數的助動詞就用does，（3）在助動詞后加not。（4）原句中動詞假如發(fā)生變化就要恢復成原形。強調一點，有some的要考慮是否要用any。三、一般疑問句。如何將一個肯定的陳述句改為一般疑問句：1、看句中有無be動詞，如有，把be動詞提到句首即可。2、看句中有無情態(tài)動詞，如有，把情態(tài)動詞提到句首即可。3、如上述二者都沒有，就應把助動提到句首。分四個步驟：（1）肯定陳述句中本來是沒有助動詞的，要加上去，位置在主語（某人或某物）后，動詞前。（2）確定助動詞用do還是does，根據句中動詞，動詞是原形的助動詞就用do，動詞是第三人稱單數的助動詞就用does（3）把助動詞后提到句首。（4）原句中動詞假如發(fā)生變化就要恢復成原形。強調一點，有some的要考慮是否要用any。四、特殊疑問句。表示疑問，有疑問詞（在開頭），回答有很多種可能。常用疑問詞： 疑問詞意思用法What time 什么時間問具體時間，如幾點鐘Who誰問人Whose 誰的問主人Where在哪里問地點What 什么問東西、事物What colour什么顏色問顏色How old多大年紀問年紀How many多少數量（可數名詞）問數量How much多少錢；多少數量（不可數名詞）問多少錢或數量（不可數）五、時態(tài)1、一般現在時（1）一般現在時中的be動詞：一般用原形：am is are am用于第一人稱單數（I）；is用于第三人稱單數（he she it和其他人名或稱謂，如：Ben his sister等）；are用于第二人稱單數（you）和所有復數（包括第一人稱復數we、第二人稱復數you；第三人稱復數they和其他復數，如the children 、 his parents等）。（2）一般現在時中的動詞：第一種情況：主語是第三人稱單數（he she it 和其他，如Helen 、her cousin 等），動詞后一般加s或es。第二種情況：主語不是第三人稱單數，動詞都用原形。（4）一般現在時判斷依據（如何判斷一個句子是一般現在時）：be動詞是am、is、are 動詞用原形或加s、es沒有時間狀語或有usually、often、everyday、sometimes等不是具體的時間一、代詞練習題( ) 1. She is a student, _ name is Julia. A. its B. her C. hers D. his( ) 2. Could you help _ with _ English, please. A. I, my B. me, me C. me, my D. my, I( ) 3. A friend of _ came here yesterday. A. my B. his C. him D. himself( ) 4. _ pencil-box is beautiful. But _ is more beautiful than _. A. Toms, my, he B. Toms, mine, his C. Toms, mine, him D. Toms, my, his( ) 5. Most of _ like Chinese food. A. they B. Their C. Them D. theirs( ) 6. Dont you let _ help you? A. I and my friend B. my friend and IC. my friend and me D. my friend and I to( ) 7. How hard _ works! A. we B. him C. he D. his ( ) 8. _ have been chosen. A. I, you and he B. He, you and I C. You, he and I D. You,and me( ) 9. She gave the erasers to Lucy and _. A. I B. me C. my D. mine( ) 10. Thats not _, it is_. I made it _ . A. ours, mine, myself B. your, mine, myself C. yours, her, myself D. yours, my, myself2、 冠詞填空：在下列句中空白處填入適當冠詞，不需用冠詞處劃/1There is _ picture of _ elephant on _ wall 2This is _ useful bookIve read it for _ hour 3_ elephant is much heavier than _ horse 4_ doctor told him to take _ medicine three times _ day 5Lets go out for _ walk 6Its too hotOpen _ door，please 7There is _ woman over there _ woman is Meimeis mother 8 _ sun rises in _ east 9 _ Changjiang River is _ longest river in _ China 10Are you going to do it _ second time？ 三、用( what，who, where, when)填空。1._ is that pretty girl? She is my sister.2._ are Jack and Tom? They are behind you.3._ do you go to school? I go to school from Monday to Friday.4._ has a beautiful flower? John has a beautiful flower.5. A: _ are those? B: Those are peppers(辣椒).6._ is my mother? She is in the living room.7._ are you going? We are going to the bakery(面包坊).8._ do Jim and Wendy play ball? They play ball in the afternoon.9._ does he jog? He jogs in the park.10. A: _ are you doing? B: We are playing basketball.三、把下列句子改為一般疑問句1. He often watches TV._ .2. There is no problem(問題) about it._ .3. My father likes play ping pong._ .4. There are 5 students in the classroom,_ .5. He has some brothers,_ .6. They have Chinese map._ .7. Tom has few apples._ .8. My parents can play tennis_ .9. He is watering the flowers in the park._.10. Joy has a small T-shirt._ .四、一般現在時練習。1. He often _(have) dinner at home.2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One.3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday.4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.5. _ they _(like) the World Cup