grammarandusage,non-restrictiveattributiveclauses非限制性定語從句,1.定語從句分為限制性定語從句(restrictive)和非限制性定語從句(non-restrictive)兩種。限制性定語從句緊跟先行詞,與先行詞之間一般不加逗號(hào)；非限制性定語從句與主句之間通常用逗號(hào)分開。,differencesbetweentherestrictiveandnon-restrictiveattributiveclauses.,discussion,lookatthefollowingexamplesandtellthedifferencesbetweenthesentences.,1.ihaveasisterwho/thatworksinahospital.我有一位在醫(yī)院工作的姐姐。2.ihaveasister,whoworksinahospital.我有一位姐姐，她在醫(yī)院工作。,example1,不只一位姐姐,只有一位姐姐,3.themagazinesherewhich/thathavenicepicturesinthemwerewrittenbyhim.4.themagazineshere,whichhavenicepicturesinthem,werewrittenbyhim.,雜志有兩類,雜志只有一類,里面有漂亮圖畫的那些雜志是他寫的。,所有的雜志都是他寫的,里面都有漂亮的圖畫。,conclusion,1.限制性定語從句與先行詞關(guān)系密切,是先行詞不可缺少的部分,如果去掉它，主句意思往往不明確。2.非限制性定語從句是對(duì)先行詞的補(bǔ)充或說明,去掉它不會(huì)影響主句的意思。,thisisthehouse(which/that)weboughtlastmonth.這是我們上個(gè)月買的那幢房子。2.thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.這房子很漂亮,是我們上個(gè)月買的。,example2,限制性定語從句,非限制性定語從句,3.heseemsnottohavegraspedwhatimeant,whichgreatlyupsetsme.他似乎沒領(lǐng)會(huì)我的意思,這使我心煩。,非限制性定語從句,conclusion,限制性定語從句可以由關(guān)系代詞,關(guān)系副詞來引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系代詞作賓語時(shí)可以省略。2.非限制性定語從句既可修飾先行詞,又可修飾整個(gè)主句,不可用that引導(dǎo)且關(guān)系代詞不可以省略。,1.thefamousbasketballstar,_comesfromamerica,willvisitourschoolsoon.2.inthosedays,sheusedtogotomrblack,with_shehadawonderfultime.,whom,who,practice,3.iboughtacaryesterday,_costmealot.4.xian,_ivisitedlastyear,isaniceoldcity.,which,practice,which,5.hewillcometoseemenextjuly,_hewontbesobusy.6.theschool,_ioncestudied,wasbuiltthirtyyearsago.,where,when,practice,7.johnsaidhedbeenworkingintheofficeforanhour,_wastrue.8._weallknow,heisgoodatenglish.,as,which,practice,非限制性定語從句考點(diǎn)歸納：,as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,代替整個(gè)主句。,1.aseveryoneknows,chinaisacountrywithalonghistory.眾所周知，中國是一個(gè)歷史悠久的國家。,example:,2.sheisateacher,asisclearfromhermanner.她是個(gè)教師,這一點(diǎn)從她的舉止可以清楚地看出。3.hemissedtheshow,whichwasreallyagreatpity.他錯(cuò)過了演出，這真是很大的遺憾。,4.heinvitedmetodinner,whichmademeveryhappy.他請(qǐng)我吃飯，這使我很高興。,conclusion,1.as和which在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí),as和which可代替整個(gè)主句，相當(dāng)于andthis或andthat,且在定語從句中都可以作主語和賓語。,2.as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的不同之處在于：(1)as引導(dǎo)的定語從句可置于句首,中,末,which引導(dǎo)的定語從句不放在句首。(2)as代表前面的整個(gè)主句并在從句中作主語時(shí),從句中的謂語必須是系動(dòng)詞;若從句中的謂語為行為動(dòng)詞，則從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用which。另外,as引導(dǎo)非限制性從句,常帶有“正如”的意思。,practice,alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,_cameasasurprise.2.theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,_wasmorethanwecouldexpect.3._isexpected,theenglandteamwonthefootballmatch.,as,which,which,4.itrainedhardyesterday,_preventedmefromgoingtothepark.5._wecansee,thesmokecamefromthelittledustbin.,which,as,ii.all/some/of+whom/which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,example:,hehastoldusmanystories,allofwhichareaboutthefamouslongmatch.2.thestudentsofclass1,someofwhomcamefromjapan,wentcampingyesterday.,conclusion,在非限制性定語從句中,一些表達(dá)數(shù)量或定位的數(shù)詞或代詞如all/some/one/both/neither/none/any/either/any等可與of構(gòu)成介詞詞組修飾限制先行詞,此時(shí)先行詞在其后的定語從句中作介詞的賓語,關(guān)系代詞不可用that。如先行詞指人則用whom，如先行詞指物則用which引導(dǎo)從句。,1.manystudentsinthisschool,someofwhicharenotoverweight,aregoingondiets.2.thereare57studentsinourclassandtenofwhomcomefromus.,whom,correction:,them,3.halfamillionpairsofshoesareproducedbytheworkershereeveryyear,80%ofwhomaresoldabroad.4.ihavemanyfriendsinthistown,someofwhicharebusinessman.5.iamdoingdifferenttypesofexercises,allofthemarequitehelpfultomyhealth.,which,which或all前加and,whom,practicetime,1.thisisoneofthemostinterestingfilms_shownlastweek.thisistheveryoneofthemostinterestingfilms_shownlastweek.a.whichwasb.thatwasc.whichwered.thatwere,b,d,comparison,2.hehastwosons,_arecollegestudents.hehastwosons,and_arecollegestudents.a.bothofwhichb.bothofwhomc.bothofthemd.bothofit,c,b,3.hestilllivesintheroom_windowfacestotheeast.hestilllivesintheroom,thewindow_facestotheeast.hestilllivesintheroom_isinthenorthofthecity.hestilllivesintheroom_thereisabeautifultable.a.whichb.whosec.whered.ofwhich,c,a,d,b,4._weallknow,chinaisrichinnaturalresources._iswell-knownthatchinaisrichinnaturalresources._iswell-known,chinaisrichinnaturalresources.a.whichb.asc.itd.that,b,c,b,5.isthismuseum_hevisitedlastmonth?theteachertellsusthat_cleanstheblackboardistobepraised.a.thatb.theonec.whichd.the