1、華南理工大學(xué) 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）翻譯英文原文名 smart home technology 中文譯名 智能家居技術(shù) 學(xué) 院 專業(yè)班級 學(xué)生姓名 學(xué)生學(xué)號 指導(dǎo)教師 填寫日期 2014-4-10 英文原文版出處： 譯文成績： 指導(dǎo)教師（導(dǎo)師組長）簽名： 譯文：智能家居技術(shù)鏈接您家的燈光，娛樂和安全系統(tǒng)的新的自動化家用技術(shù)。智能家居，是一種可以通過識別具有不同生活習(xí)慣和感覺的住戶來提供各種不同的智能服務(wù)。而實(shí)現(xiàn)這樣的功能其中最關(guān)鍵的問題之一就是如何確定住戶的位置。目前，研究工作只要集中于兩種方法：終端方式和非終端方式。終端方式需要一種住戶隨身攜帶的設(shè)備，而非終端方式則不需要這樣的設(shè)備?，F(xiàn)在由于

2、人人都想有一個(gè)方便，舒適，安全的居住環(huán)境，因此大家對于智能家居表現(xiàn)的越來越感興趣。一般來說，智能家居旨在提供合適的智能服務(wù)來積極促進(jìn)住戶更好的生活，比如家務(wù)勞動，娛樂，休息和睡眠。因此，為了提高住戶的便捷和安全，像家用電器，多媒體設(shè)備和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)設(shè)備應(yīng)通過家庭網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)連接在一起。并且它們應(yīng)通過電視或個(gè)人數(shù)字助理（pda）來控制或遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控。尤其要注意的是，作為一種提供高質(zhì)量的智能服務(wù)，目標(biāo)應(yīng)集中于定位服務(wù)，同時(shí)考慮人為因素，比如住戶的生活方式，健康狀況和居住感受。也就是說，如果智能家居能識別住戶的生活方式或健康狀況，那么家用電器應(yīng)該能預(yù)見住戶的需要，并能更主動的提供適合的智能服務(wù)。例如，在一個(gè)被動的

3、服務(wù)環(huán)境下，需要住戶控制供熱通風(fēng)與空氣調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)（供暖，通風(fēng)和空調(diào)），而智能家居將根據(jù)住戶情況自動調(diào)節(jié)房間的溫濕度。智能家居或智能辦公室的各種室內(nèi)感應(yīng)定位系統(tǒng)的已經(jīng)研發(fā)到能夠識別住戶的位置。一般來說，室內(nèi)定位感應(yīng)系統(tǒng)根據(jù)測量技術(shù)分為三種類型：三角測量，場景分析和接近方法。三角測量法是通過多個(gè)已知點(diǎn)來計(jì)算位置距離。運(yùn)用三角測量法的例子包括active badges，active bats和easy living，它們分別運(yùn)用了紅外傳感器，超聲波傳感器和視覺傳感器來實(shí)現(xiàn)的。場景解析法是檢測一個(gè)場景內(nèi)的特定著眼點(diǎn)。場景解析法的典型例子是使用直流磁力跟蹤器的motivestar，和使用無線局域網(wǎng)絡(luò)lan

4、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)ieee 802,11的radar。接近法則是以一組已知點(diǎn)中最接近的點(diǎn)近似作為定位點(diǎn)。接近法的例子有使用壓力傳感器的smart floor。另外，室內(nèi)感應(yīng)定位系統(tǒng)可以根據(jù)是否需要住戶隨身攜帶一種設(shè)備來分類。終端方式，例如active bats，不需要直接找到住戶位置，但是可以感應(yīng)到住戶隨身攜帶的設(shè)備位置，例如紅外收發(fā)器或者射頻識別技術(shù)（rfid）標(biāo)簽。因此，如果住戶沒有隨聲攜帶終端設(shè)備，那就不可能找到他。相反的，非終端方式如easy living和smart floor則不需要這種設(shè)備就能找到住戶位置。然而，人們認(rèn)為easy living侵犯了住戶隱私，smart floor則是擴(kuò)展和維護(hù)

5、都比較困難。家庭自動化已經(jīng)從掛接到客廳燈的手動計(jì)時(shí)很長的路要走。今天的“智能”家庭自動調(diào)節(jié)熱量，空氣，光線，音頻和視頻房子周圍分布，控制訪問您的家庭，甚至可以提醒你鍛煉。 新技術(shù)和產(chǎn)品的進(jìn)步使家居更負(fù)擔(dān)得起的技術(shù)系統(tǒng)，并比以往任何時(shí)候都納入主流家用系統(tǒng)集成。根據(jù)2004年所做的住宅建筑商研究中心和消費(fèi)電子協(xié)會，幾乎所有的新家園一半?yún)f(xié)會的一項(xiàng)研究正在興建中的美國正在利用結(jié)構(gòu)銅“聰明”接線，使安裝技術(shù)的新家園系統(tǒng)。 它是如何工作 主要有四種類型的網(wǎng)絡(luò)可以在家里安裝，以支持現(xiàn)有的新技術(shù)。各有其優(yōu)勢和根據(jù)您是否是一個(gè)新的家庭布線或升級現(xiàn)有的家庭缺點(diǎn)。 l 結(jié)構(gòu)化布線涉及專門高性能運(yùn)行在您的整個(gè)家庭布線

6、。 它提供了一個(gè)高度可靠和安全的網(wǎng)絡(luò)，分銷，產(chǎn)品用于手機(jī)的數(shù)據(jù)信號，電腦，電視和音頻組件。這對新建筑的理想，但并不總是很容易安裝在現(xiàn)有的家。此外，網(wǎng)絡(luò)僅限于電纜范圍，插座和插頭。 l 無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)提供的靈活性和流動性，幾乎消除了通常由現(xiàn)有的布線房主面臨困境的優(yōu)勢。 然而，無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)往往是如嬰兒監(jiān)視器，無繩電話不可靠和其他裝置受到干擾。 l 電力線網(wǎng)絡(luò)使用的家庭已有的電力線來傳輸數(shù)據(jù)。它們是比較容易的設(shè)置和執(zhí)行，但執(zhí)行的權(quán)力風(fēng)險(xiǎn)激增，以及一個(gè)未加密的家庭網(wǎng)絡(luò)可以訪問鄰國分享同樣的變壓器。 l 電話線的網(wǎng)絡(luò)使用家里的電話線，以開展多種服務(wù)。通常，每個(gè)服務(wù)指定一個(gè)獨(dú)特的頻譜，以便他們不會互相干擾。智能家居

7、技術(shù)也可能使您撥打一個(gè)電話線，通過具體的家庭作業(yè)控制系統(tǒng)和/或預(yù)先設(shè)定為撥號到監(jiān)控服務(wù)在一旦發(fā)生火警或破裂情況的研究。 而家庭自動化的可能性是有限的，只有你的想象，面對的選擇一般的房主可能似乎令人望而生畏。好消息是，你不必成為技術(shù)專家，以提高您的家庭的能力。一個(gè)家庭技術(shù)集成商能夠設(shè)計(jì)，實(shí)施和您的家庭聯(lián)系在一起的各種電子系統(tǒng)。這些措施包括： 娛樂：您可能已留下深刻的印象朋友的家庭影院安裝有一天晚上，當(dāng)他們突然出現(xiàn)在他們的電影和dvd播放機(jī)給你大屏幕，環(huán)繞聲體驗(yàn)。 但是，為什么不利用這個(gè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的事呢？ 使用相當(dāng)簡單的自動化技術(shù)，你可以推“電影”一個(gè)觸摸板按鈕在您的家庭娛樂室。 昏暗的燈光會，窗簾會結(jié)

8、束時(shí)，爆米花機(jī)將春季行動，冰箱將檢查你的蘇打冰足夠的水平，您的通話將被自動轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)到您的接聽服務(wù)直線。一個(gè)小創(chuàng)意和規(guī)劃，所有這些事件可以實(shí)現(xiàn)使用一個(gè)家庭網(wǎng)絡(luò)。 這將是同樣簡單，使用動作感應(yīng)器和您的音響系統(tǒng)，播放音樂，每次你輸入一個(gè)家庭健身房在家里房間 - 這是樂觀的，也許，也許你的學(xué)習(xí)古典音樂 - 的可能性是無窮盡。 或者你可以坐在客廳里，選擇音樂，你要聽通過屏幕上的那些在電視上顯示的菜單。 你甚至可以監(jiān)視你的兒童電視節(jié)目和視頻游戲的習(xí)慣，當(dāng)你不在家通過編程網(wǎng)絡(luò)提醒您的手機(jī)如果您的孩子看太多電視或不適當(dāng)?shù)墓?jié)目。 或者你可以簡單的電視節(jié)目或游戲控制臺關(guān)閉后的一段時(shí)間中扣除。 安全性：使用智能家庭自動

9、化技術(shù)，你可以計(jì)劃你的燈光，以模擬正常的家庭活動時(shí)，你不在。 例如，一些在你的定期就寢時(shí)間，臥室的燈和電視將打開，而其余的房子就變黑。 這燈光可以設(shè)置常規(guī)改變在周末。 為了防止破門而入，你可以在家門口的位置，并安裝網(wǎng)絡(luò)攝像機(jī)的報(bào)警系統(tǒng)，采用熱和運(yùn)動傳感器來提醒您，在案件的入侵者遠(yuǎn)程安全公司。 對發(fā)生火災(zāi)時(shí)，你的煙霧探測器，可有線不健全，但也只是一個(gè)報(bào)警信號發(fā)送到您的空氣調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)風(fēng)扇關(guān)閉，提醒您和指定聯(lián)系人和照亮整個(gè)房子的疏散路線。 能源：能源節(jié)約是可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的自動化系統(tǒng)，如花園和噴泉噴頭恒溫器，燈光和其他環(huán)境。系統(tǒng)集成到一個(gè)環(huán)境，所有這些可以幫助確保您的家庭的最低能源的浪費(fèi)。例如，在一個(gè)炎熱，晴

10、天，天氣傳感器可以激活盲目，布料控制，以陰你的家，并確保你的花園在一天中收到正確的時(shí)間足夠的灌溉。運(yùn)動傳感器可以激活和占用熱和照明控制，進(jìn)入和退出房間。 新的智能紅外傳感器代表了兩個(gè)迅速發(fā)展的結(jié)合了紅外測溫和通常與計(jì)算機(jī)聯(lián)系在一起的高速數(shù)字技術(shù)的科學(xué)聯(lián)盟。這些文書被稱為智能傳感器，因?yàn)樗麄儼盐⑻幚砥髯鳛榫幊痰碾p向收發(fā)器。傳感器之間的串行通信的生產(chǎn)車間和計(jì)算機(jī)控制室。而且因?yàn)殡娐敷w積小，傳感器因此更小，簡化了在緊張或?qū)擂蔚貐^(qū)的安裝。智能傳感器集成到新的或現(xiàn)有的過程控制系統(tǒng)，從一個(gè)新的先進(jìn)水平，在溫度監(jiān)測和控制方面為過程控制方面的工程師提供了一個(gè)直接的好處。當(dāng)你在早上上班，你的房子可以“檢查”和關(guān)

11、閉，如收音機(jī)，電視機(jī)，爐灶和鐵桿不必要的能源消耗（一個(gè)很好的安全功能）。 在您回家的路上，你可以用你的手機(jī)或電腦來改變你的家，在燈打開溫度，輻射熱談?wù)勀愕脑∈业匕搴驮「變H僅填補(bǔ)了一個(gè)不錯(cuò)的長期浸泡正確的水平。 設(shè)備：從烤面包機(jī)到電冰箱到畫框，家電電腦聯(lián)網(wǎng)的可能性是有限的預(yù)算只有你的想像力。 您的冰箱可以保持食物的保質(zhì)期，作為家庭信息中心通過行為跟蹤一個(gè)內(nèi)置的屏幕上?？Х葔氐刃〖译?，如烤面包爐可激活遠(yuǎn)程或作為事件序列的一部分。 你甚至可以模仿比爾蓋茨和安裝框架的電子藝術(shù)作品的變化對人誰進(jìn)入房間，或購買的上網(wǎng)檢索幀照片從你的朋友和家人提供一個(gè)不斷更新的家庭肖像畫廊根據(jù)圖像的偏好墻。 這使您的家更加

12、舒適，愉快和安全的關(guān)鍵，通過家庭自動化是要遵循三個(gè)基本步驟： l 計(jì)劃：討論自動化需求，并希望與您的家庭成員，因此您可以提前規(guī)劃。 要考慮到在交通和家具條款提出你的家的布局。 l 咨詢：跟盡可能多的人的想法和了解與家庭自動化方面的經(jīng)驗(yàn)；什么工作，什么也沒有，他們想什么，他們做了不同？ l 決定：你肯定希望能夠做什么？什么是可選的？請問您安裝網(wǎng)絡(luò)自己或留待專業(yè)人士呢？ 什么樣的網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)和什么樣的類型最適合你的需要？家庭自動化，安全系統(tǒng)，由智能家電，正成為一個(gè)可訪問的現(xiàn)實(shí)。一些仔細(xì)的規(guī)劃和一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)的幫助，你也可以享受到“智能”家庭的好處。智能家居，建筑管理系統(tǒng)（房屋管理中心）包含了一個(gè)巨大的各種技術(shù)

13、，各地商業(yè)，工業(yè)，體制和住宅樓宇，包括能源管理系統(tǒng)和建設(shè)控制的功能，建設(shè)管理系統(tǒng)的核心是智能建筑的概念，其目的是為了控制、監(jiān)測和優(yōu)化建設(shè)服務(wù)，例如，照明;加熱;安全，閉路電視及警報(bào)系統(tǒng);存取控制;視聽和娛樂系統(tǒng);通風(fēng)，過濾和氣候控制等;甚至產(chǎn)品的考勤控制和報(bào)告（尤其是工作人員的運(yùn)動和供貨）潛在的這些概念和周邊技術(shù)是巨大的，和我們的生活正在發(fā)生變化的影響，從智能建筑的設(shè)計(jì)與發(fā)展對我們的生活和工作環(huán)境的影響，對設(shè)施的規(guī)劃和設(shè)施管理，也是潛在的巨大的。智能家居示例在上午07時(shí)30分，你要清醒的聲音，你最喜愛的cd中發(fā)出的背景；燈在您的臥室開關(guān)，讓您醒來在自己的時(shí)間。該樓下闖入者警報(bào)系統(tǒng)是激活的。在廚

14、房的咖啡機(jī)輪流上作出飲料。 地面的窗簾和百葉窗打開;毛巾加熱器在浴室寬慰毛巾，你甚至還沒有起床。原文：smart home technologylink your homes lighting, entertainment and security systems with new automated home technology.smart home is expected to offer various intelligent services by recognizing residents along with their life style and feelings. one

15、of the key issues for realizing the smart home is how to detect the locations of residents. currently, the research effort is focused on two approaches: terminal-based and non-terminal-based methods. the terminal -based method employs a type of device that should be carried by the resident while the

16、 non-terminal-based method requires no such device.there is a growing interest in smart home as a way to offer a convenient, comfortable, and safe residential environment . in general, the smart home aims to offer appropriate intelligent services to actively assist in the residents life such as hous

17、ework, amusement, rest, and sleep. hence, in order to enhance the residents convenience and safety, devices such as home appliances, multimedia appliances, and internet appliances should be connected via a home network system, as shown in fig. 1, and they should be controlled or monitored remotely u

18、sing a television (tv) or personal digital assistant (pda) .especially, attention has been focused on location-based services as a way to offer high-quality intelligent services, while considering human factors such as pattern of living, health, and feelings of a resident . that is, if the smart hom

19、e can recognize the residents pattern of living or health, then home appliances should be able to anticipate the residents needs and offer appropriate intelligent service more actively. for example, in a passive service environment, the resident controls the operation of the hvac (heating, ventilati

20、ng, and air conditioning) system, while the smart home would control the temperature and humidity of a room according to the residents condition. various indoor location-aware systems have been developed to recognize the residents location in the smart home or smart office. in general, indoor locati

21、on-aware systems have been classified into three types according to the measurement technology: triangulation, scene analysis, and proximity methods 8. the triangulation method uses multiple distances from multiple known points. examples include active badges , active bats , and easy living , which

22、use infrared sensors, ultrasonic sensors, and vision sensors, respectively. the scene analysis method examines a view from a particular vantage point. representative examples of the scene analysis method are motionstar , which uses a dc magnetic tracker, and radar , which uses ieee 802.11 wireless l

23、ocal area network (lan). finally, the proximity method measures nearness to a known set of points. an example of the proximity method is smart floor , which uses pressure sensors.alternatively, indoor location-aware systems can be classified according to the need for a terminal that should be carrie

24、d by the resident. terminal-based methods, such as active bats, do not recognize the residents location directly, but perceive the location of a device carried by the resident, such as an infrared transceiver or radio frequency identification (rfid) tag. therefore, it is impossible to recognize the

25、residents location if he or she is not carrying the device. in contrast, non-terminal methods such as easy living and smart floor can find the residents location without such devices. however, easy living can be regarded to invade the residents privacy while the smart floor has difficulty with exten

26、dibility and maintenance.home automation has come a long way from the manual timer hooked up to the living room light. todays smart home automatically regulates heat, air and light, distributes audio and video around the house, controls access to your home and can even remind you to exercise!new tec

27、hnologies and product advances have made home technology systems more affordable than ever and have brought home systems integration into the mainstream. according to a study done in 2004 by the national association of home builders research center and the consumer electronics association, nearly ha

28、lf of all new homes being built in the u.s. are now using structured copper smart wiring to enable the installation of new home technology systems.how it worksthere are four main types of networks you can install in your home to support the available new technology. each has its advantages and disad

29、vantages depending on whether you are wiring a new home or upgrading an existing home. structured wiring involves running specialized high performance cabling throughout your home. it provides a highly reliable and secure network that distributes data signals for phones, computers, tvs and audio com

30、ponents. its ideal for new construction but not always easy to install in an existing home. also, networking is limited to the reach of cables, jacks and plugs. wireless networks provide the advantages of flexibility and mobility and virtually eliminate the wiring dilemmas often faced by existing ho

31、meowners. however, wireless networks tend to be less reliable and subject to interference from other devices such as baby monitors and cordless phones. power-line networks use a homes existing electrical lines to transmit data. they are relatively easy to set up and operate but carry the risk of pow

32、er surges, and an unencrypted household network may be accessible to neighbors sharing the same transformer. phone-line networks use a homes telephone lines to carry multiple services. typically, each service is assigned a unique frequency spectrum so they dont interfere with one another. smart home

33、 technology may also enable you to dial in via a phone line to control specific home operating systems and/or be pre-set to dial out to a monitoring service in the case of a fire or break-in. while the possibilities for home automation are only limited by your imagination, the choices facing the ave

34、rage homeowner may seem daunting. the good news is that you do not need to become a technological expert in order to enhance your homes capabilities. a home technology integrator can design, implement, and tie together your homes various electronic systems. these include:entertainment: you may have

35、been impressed by a friends home theatre setup one night, when they popped a movie in their dvd player and gave you the large screen, surround sound experience. but why not take this experience further? using fairly simple automation technology, you could push a movie button on a touch pad in your f

36、amily room. the lights would dim, the blinds would close, the popcorn maker would spring into action, the fridge would check for adequate ice levels for your soda, and your calls would be automatically forwarded straight to your answering service. with a little creativity and planning, all these eve

37、nts can be achieved using a home network.it would be equally simple, using motion sensors and your stereo system, to play music every time you enter a room in your home - something upbeat, perhaps, for the home gym, maybe classical music for your study - the possibilities are endless. or you could s

38、it in your living room and select the music you want to listen to via on-screen menus that are displayed on your tv.you could even monitor your childrens television and video-game habits, when youre not at home by programming the network to alert your cell phone if your children watch too much telev

39、ision or inappropriate programming. or you can simply program the tv or gaming console to shut off after a certain amount of time.security: using smart home automation technology, you can program your lights to simulate normal in-home activity when youre away. for example, some time around your regu

40、lar bedtime, your bedroom lights and tv will turn on while the rest of the house will be darkened. and this lighting routine can be set up to change on the weekend.to protect against break-ins, you can position web cams at home entrances and install an alarm system that uses heat and motion sensors

41、to alert you and a remote security company in the case of an intruder.in the case of fire, your smoke detector can be wired to sound not just an alarm but also to send a signal to your air-conditioning system fans to shut down, alert you and specified contacts and illuminate an evacuation route thro

42、ughout the house.energy: energy savings can be realized by automating thermostats, lights and other environmental systems such as garden sprinklers and fountains. integrating all of these into one environmental system can help ensure a minimum waste of energy in your home. for example, on a hot, sun

43、ny day, weather sensors can activate blind and drapery controls to shade your home, and ensure that your garden receives adequate irrigation at the right time of day. motion and occupancy sensors can activate heat and lighting controls as you enter and exit rooms.todays new smart ir sensors represen

44、t a union of two rapidly evolving sciences that combine ir temperature measurement with high-speed digital technologies usually associated with the computer. these instruments are called smart sensors because they incorporate microprocessors programmed to act as transceivers for bidirectional, seria

45、l communications between sensors on the manufacturing floor and computers in the control room (see photo 1). and because the circuitry is smaller, the sensors are smaller, simplifying installation in tight or awkward areas. integrating smart sensors into new or existing process control systems offer

46、s an immediate advantage to process control engineers in terms of providing a new level of sophistication in temperature monitoring and control.when you leave for work in the morning, your house could check for and turn off unnecessary energy consumers such as radios, tvs, stoves and irons (a nice s

47、afety feature). on your way home, you could use your cell phone or computer to change the temperature in your home, turn on lights, turn on the radiant heat in your bathroom floor and fill the bathtub to just the right level for a nice long soak.appliances: from toasters to fridges to picture frames

48、, the possibilities for networking computerized household appliances are limited only by your imagination and budget. your refrigerator can keep track of food expiration dates and act as a family message center via a built-in screen. coffee makers and other small appliances (such as toasters) can be

49、 activated remotely or as part of a sequence of events. you can even imitate bill gates and install framed electronic artwork that changes depending on the preference of the person who enters a room, or purchase internet-connected picture frames that retrieve images from a gallery supplied by your f

50、riends and family for a constantly updated family portrait wall.the key to making your home more comfortable, enjoyable and safe through home automation is to follow three essential steps: plan: discuss automation needs and wants with your family members so you can plan ahead. take into consideratio

51、n your homes layout in terms of traffic and furniture. consult: talk to as many people as possible to get ideas and learn about their experiences with home automation; what worked, what didnt, what do they wish they had done differently? decide: what do you definitely want to be able to do? what is