1、順口溜巧記定語從句賓語從句定語從句順口溜1.定從分類有奧妙,  限與非限看逗號(hào);定前必有先行詞，名代兩類最適宜；定從先行很緊密，代副兩詞拉關(guān)系；  2.關(guān)系代詞有六個(gè)，聽我逐一來說破；which表物人用who,人物都有that顧；which用在逗號(hào)后，意表前句你要know;who做主語很稱職，whom用到賓語里；  3.that用法真有趣， 兩個(gè)地方它不去；逗號(hào)后邊它不去， 介詞之后不考慮；  4.That which代表物，區(qū)別聽我來敘述；先行若是不定代，that就把which 踹；先行詞前有兩數(shù)， 就用that定無誤；先

2、行詞前最高級(jí)， 還用that必?zé)o疑；句中若有there be, that應(yīng)把which替；先行主中做表語， 避免重復(fù)從句里；（Just the only very same last, 其后也要用that;）  5.指人可用that who, 以下情況多用who;Those people做先行，There be的結(jié)構(gòu)中；先行指人不定代，從中做主who要在；兩個(gè)定從一起來，不要重復(fù)你有才；  6.定從之中少定語，whose為你唱一曲；Whose指人又指物，所屬關(guān)系要記住。  7.As/which在句末，若有否定as錯(cuò)；句首只能用as,還

3、有認(rèn)知猜想詞；固定結(jié)構(gòu)用as, the same /such/so/as;So /such that賓不離，so/suchas賓要棄；  8.關(guān)系代詞到這里，主賓表定作用起；關(guān)系代詞做賓語，省與不省全靠你；  9.關(guān)系副詞when/where/why, 從中做狀莫懈??；時(shí)間用when原因why,地點(diǎn)where經(jīng)常在；關(guān)系副詞可替換，介詞加上關(guān)系代；關(guān)系代，關(guān)系代，that與who要除外；挑選介詞要聰明，必看動(dòng)詞和先行；聰明反被聰明誤，只因亂用關(guān)系副；關(guān)系副，關(guān)系副，定缺主賓它不住；它不住，它不住，關(guān)系代詞來玩酷；  10.只記上邊不可

4、以，特殊情況告訴你；先行用way 做狀語, in which/ that /略可以；one of +復(fù)做先行，從中謂語復(fù)數(shù)明，one前若有only/very, 從中謂語定用單 ；定從名從可轉(zhuǎn)換，all that被 what換； 定語從句順口溜分段解析：1.       定從分類有奧妙,  限與非限看逗號(hào);定語從句分為兩大類：限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句，區(qū)分它們有兩個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：1）從內(nèi)容上看，限制性定語從句與它所修飾的先行詞關(guān)系緊密，不可去掉，去掉后意思就不完整了；非限制性定語從句只對(duì)先行詞起補(bǔ)充說明的作用，去掉后

5、不影響句子的完整性。2）從形式上看，限制性定語從句與先行詞之間沒有逗號(hào)隔開，而非限制性定語從句與先行詞之間有逗號(hào)隔開。請(qǐng)看例句：The girl who is wearing a blue necklace is Mary.(限制性)The girl, who is also a student, is planting trees in the field.(非限制性)解析：第一句中的who is wearing a blue necklace是限制性定語從句，沒有逗號(hào)，不那去掉，否則意思不完整。 定前必有先行詞，名代兩類最適宜；例句：1)There is somebody her

6、e who wants to speak to you.有人要和你講話。2)Those who were for the plan raised their hands.那些贊成計(jì)劃的舉起了手。3)This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 這本小說很動(dòng)人，我已經(jīng)讀了三遍。解析：例句中somebody、those是代詞，novel是名詞，是被定語從句修飾的詞，叫做先行詞，可以做先行詞的是名詞和代詞兩類。定從先行很緊密，代副兩詞拉關(guān)系；定語從句都在先行詞之后，連接定從和先行詞的詞，叫做關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞有兩類：關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)

7、系副詞。關(guān)系詞要注意兩點(diǎn)：1）它的人稱、數(shù)和意思完全等同于先行詞，2）關(guān)系詞在定語從句中做一定的句子成分。例句 1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.       正在踢足球的男生們是一班的。解析：whoboys , 在定語從句中做主語，所以其后謂語用are。例句 2) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.       足球是大多數(shù)男孩子喜歡的運(yùn)

8、動(dòng)。解析：which=game, 在定語從句中做主語。例句  3）I still remember the day when I first came to the school.        我仍然還記得第一次到學(xué)校的那一天。解析：when是關(guān)系副詞on the day, 在定語從句中做時(shí)間狀語。例句 4）The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.      十年前我居住的房子已經(jīng)被拆了

9、。解析：where是關(guān)系副詞in the house, 在定語從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語。例句 5）Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.     請(qǐng)告訴我你沒趕上飛機(jī)的原因。解析：why是關(guān)系副詞for the reason, 在定語從句中做原因狀語。2. 關(guān)系代詞有六個(gè)，聽我逐一來說破；六個(gè)關(guān)系代詞是：that/which/ who/ whom/ whose/ as ， 注意關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中做主賓表定語。which表物人用who,人物都有that顧；先行詞是物，關(guān)系代詞用which，也可以用t

10、hat;先行詞是人，關(guān)系代詞用who,也可以用that;先行詞中既有人，又有物，關(guān)系代詞只能用that。例句 1) This is the mountain village (which/ that ) I visited last year.       這就是我去年參觀的那個(gè)山村。解析：先行詞mountain village是物，可用which或that, 因?yàn)槎ㄕZ從句中visit后缺賓語，說明which或that應(yīng)該在定從中做賓語，所以還可以省略。例句 2）The man(that/whom / who ) you met ju

11、st now is my friend.     你剛剛見到的那個(gè)人是我的朋友。解析：先行詞man表人，關(guān)系詞可以用who/that/whom，因?yàn)槎ㄕZ從句中缺賓語，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該在定語從句中做賓語，所以可以省略；另外，whom是專門用來做賓語用的，而who則只是在口語中才用。例句 3）This magazine belongs to the teacher who(that) teaches us history.       這本雜志是我們歷史老師的。解析：先行詞teacher是人，關(guān)系代詞用

12、who或that, 因?yàn)樵诙ㄕZ從句中做主語，所以不能省略。例句 4）He talked about the teachers and schools (that) he had visited.       他談到了他所見到的老師和學(xué)校。解析：先行詞 the teachers and schools 中既有人又有物，關(guān)系代詞只能用 that, 又因?yàn)閠hat在定語從句中做賓語，所以又可以省略。 which用在逗號(hào)后，意表前句你要know;這是which用在非限制性定語從句中的一個(gè)用法。例句1）He seems not to

13、have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎沒抓住我的意思，這使我心煩。解析：which是關(guān)系代詞，指代前面的一句話：他似乎沒抓住我的意思。例句2）Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液態(tài)水變?yōu)檎羝?，這就叫做蒸發(fā)。解析：which是關(guān)系代詞，指代前面的一句話：液態(tài)水變?yōu)檎羝?。who做主語很稱職，whom用到賓語里；先行詞是表示人的詞，定語從句中如果缺主語，要用who做關(guān)系代詞，如果缺賓語，正規(guī)場(chǎng)合下用whom, 口語中也可以用who。例句 1）H

14、e is the boy who often goes to school late.       他就是那個(gè)經(jīng)常上學(xué)遲到的男生。解析：先行詞the boy 指人，后面的定語從句中缺少主語，因此用關(guān)系代詞who。例句 2）She is the old woman whom I saw this morning.       她就是我今天早晨看到的那位老太太。解析：先行詞the old woman指人，后面的定語從句中缺少賓語，所以用whom,口語中也可以用who。 

15、3.that用法真有趣， 兩個(gè)地方它不去；逗號(hào)后邊它不去， 介詞之后不考慮；That做為關(guān)系代詞，不可用在非限制性定語從句中，即不可用在逗號(hào)后邊；定語從句中介詞之后也不可使用。在逗號(hào)或介詞后，指物時(shí)用which,指人時(shí)用who或whom。例句1）They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy.  A. whom B. who C. which D. that解析：在介詞of之后指物，選擇C which。例句 2）The engineer with _my father works is about 50 years

16、old. A. whose  B.  who  C.   which D.   whom 解析：選擇 D whom。介詞后指人。例句 3）The letter is from my sister, _is working in Beijing. A. which B. that C. whom D. who 解析：選擇 D who。逗號(hào)后指人，在定語從句中做主語。 4.That which代表物，區(qū)別聽我來敘述；先行若是不定代，that就把which 踹；當(dāng)先行詞為anything，everything，nothing，al

17、l，any，much，many，one等不定代詞時(shí)，只能使用“that”, 不用 “which”。例：Is there anything that I can do for you?  我能給你做點(diǎn)什么嗎？ 先行詞前有兩數(shù)， 就用that定無誤；當(dāng)先行詞是基數(shù)詞或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)，只能使用“that”，不用 “which”。例句： That is the second time that I have been to Japan. 那是我去日本的第二次。     The two buildings that lay on the River Tha

18、mes fell down last week.     坐落在泰晤士河岸邊的那兩座大樓上星期倒塌了。先行詞前最高級(jí)， 還用that必?zé)o疑；當(dāng)先行詞是形容詞最高級(jí)或被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，只能使用“that”, 不用 “which”。 例句：This is the most wonderful time that I have ever had.這是我度過的最美好的時(shí)光。 句中若有there be, that應(yīng)把which替；例：There is no evidence that animals possess a mysterious sixth-sen

19、se allowing them to predict natural disasters. 說動(dòng)物擁有神秘的第六感，可以預(yù)知自然災(zāi)害，這是沒有根據(jù)的。先行主中做表語， 避免重復(fù)從句里；例句：1）This is not the hospital that it used to be. 這已經(jīng)不再是以前那座醫(yī)院了。2）Mr Thomson is not the man that he was.湯姆森先生已經(jīng)不再是以前的他了。解析：定語從句的先行詞均在主句中做表語。例句：Which is the course that we are to take ?    

20、; 我們要學(xué)哪門課？解析：句中已有which,后面不再用which,避免重復(fù)用that。（Just the only very same last, 其后也要用that;）先行詞前有Just 、the only、 very 、same 、last等詞，關(guān)系代詞用that，不用which。例句：1) The North Pole is the only place that you can see polar bears.         北極是唯一能見到北極熊的地方。    

21、  2）This is the same bike that he lost.         這就是他丟了的那輛自行車。      注意區(qū)分：      3) This is the same bike as he lost.         這輛自行車和他丟的那輛一樣。（但不是）5.指人可用that who, 以下情況多用w

22、ho;Those people做先行，There be的結(jié)構(gòu)中；例句：1) Those who are for the plan, please raise your hands.  贊成計(jì)劃的人請(qǐng)舉手。2) People who create computer viruses are called hackers.  制造電腦病毒的人被稱為黑客。3) There was once a little boy who came to the net bar to play games every night.  曾經(jīng)有一個(gè)小男孩每天晚上都來網(wǎng)吧玩游戲。先行指人不定代

23、，從中做主who要在；先行詞是指人的不定代詞，如 one 、someone 、anyone 、nobody 等詞，或指人的關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中做主語，要用who, 而不用that。例句：1）Nobody who knows a little scientific knowledge will believe you.懂得一點(diǎn)科學(xué)知識(shí)的人都不會(huì)相信你的話。解析：nobody是指人的不定代詞，用who, 不用that。2）The thief who pretended to be a manager was caught stealing a car.  那個(gè)裝扮成經(jīng)理的賊在偷車時(shí)被當(dāng)場(chǎng)

24、抓獲。解析：who指人，在定語從句中做主語。兩個(gè)定從一起來，不要重復(fù)你有才；一個(gè)先行詞有兩個(gè)定語從句時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞要避免重復(fù)使用。A plant that can cure diseases, which was known by the ancient Chinese , is called Chinese herbal medicine. 一種能夠治病的，被古代中國人所熟知的植物，叫做中藥。6.定從之中少定語，whose為你唱一曲；Whose指人又指物，所屬關(guān)系要記住。Whose也是一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞，在定語從句中做定語，表示人與人、人與物或物與物之間的所屬關(guān)系，特別要注意，物與物之間的關(guān)系也用w

25、hose。例句 1)Is there anyone in your class whose family is in the country? 解析：anyone是先行詞，whose=anyones，在定語從句中做定語。例句 2) Pass me the book whose cover is red.  解析：the book是先行詞，whose=the books, 在定語從句中做定語。7.As/which在句末，若有否定as錯(cuò)；as和 which都可指代前面一句話，請(qǐng)看例句:1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, which

26、came as a surprise. 愛麗絲受到了她老板的邀請(qǐng)，這使她感到吃驚。2）The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect. 天氣結(jié)果變好了，這是我們沒有預(yù)料到的。若有否定as錯(cuò)；3）The result of the experiment was very good, _ we hadn't expected. A. when B. that C. which D. what 【簡(jiǎn)析】答案是C。由于非限定性定語從句是否定結(jié)構(gòu)，只能用which引導(dǎo)，不能用as來替代whic

27、h。句首只能用as,還有認(rèn)知猜想詞；置于句首時(shí)，非限定性定語從句只能用as引導(dǎo)。例如： As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.   眾所周知，月亮每月繞地球一周。與表示認(rèn)知猜想的詞，如know, expect, see, report, 連用時(shí)，要用as。1）As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. 我們知道，吸煙對(duì)健康有害。2）As is expected, his daughter entered

28、 a key university.正如人們所期望的那樣，他的女兒考入了一所重點(diǎn)大學(xué)。固定結(jié)構(gòu)用as, the same /such/so/as; 1）  在the same as.結(jié)構(gòu)中。意思是 “像一樣的”。 例如：Chongqing is not the same city as we have seen in other places. 重慶和我們?cè)谄渌胤娇催^的城市不一樣。    注意區(qū)分: the same .that.,請(qǐng)看例句：  This is the same pen that I lost. 這正是我所丟的鋼筆。（同一） 

29、 This is the same pen as I lost.  這支鋼筆和我丟的那支一樣。（相似，不是一個(gè)）2）在as.as結(jié)構(gòu)中，意思是“像那樣的”。例如： No period in history has had as many important changes _ have taken place in the past century. 沒有哪個(gè)歷史階段像過去的一個(gè)世紀(jì)這樣有如此多的重大變化。3）在suchas結(jié)構(gòu)中, 意思是“像那樣的”。例如：   Mathilde had to work hard day and night and bought

30、 such a diamond necklace as she had lost to pay back to Jeanne.   馬帝爾德不得不日日夜夜地干活，來買一個(gè)像被她丟掉的那樣的鉆石項(xiàng)鏈還給讓。So /such that賓不離，so/suchas賓要棄；在so/suchthat結(jié)構(gòu)中，that后引導(dǎo)的不是定語從句，而是狀語從句，從句中必須有賓語；在so/suchas結(jié)構(gòu)中， as后引導(dǎo)的是定語從句，從句中不帶賓語。例如：1)He studies in such a good school that all other students in his village

31、 admire him.  他在那樣好的一所學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)，以至于村子里其他的學(xué)生都很羨慕他。解析：that后是狀語從句，狀語從句中有賓語him。2）He studies in such a good school as all other students in his village admire.  他在那樣好的一所學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)，村里的其它學(xué)生都很羨慕那所學(xué)校。解析：as后是定語從句,as代替先行詞school,在定語從句中做admire的賓語。8.關(guān)系代詞到這里，主賓表定作用起；關(guān)系代詞做賓語，省與不省全靠你；到此為止，我們一共學(xué)了六個(gè)關(guān)系代詞，分別是：which, that

32、, who, whom, whose, as ,這些關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中可以做主語、賓語、表語和定語，關(guān)系代詞which/ that/ whom做賓語時(shí)，可以省略。 9.關(guān)系副詞when/where/why, 從中做狀莫懈?。粫r(shí)間用when原因why,地點(diǎn)where經(jīng)常在；定語從句中的關(guān)系副詞有三個(gè)：when, where和why，它們?cè)诙ㄕZ從句中分別作時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和原因狀語。when指時(shí)間， where指地點(diǎn)，why表原因。例如：I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.我仍然記得我初次到北京的那天。The facto

33、ry where his father works is in the west of the city.他父親工作的那個(gè)工廠在城市的西郊。That is the reason why I did the job.那就是我為什么干這個(gè)活的原因。關(guān)系副詞可替換，介詞加上關(guān)系代；關(guān)系副詞可以由介詞加上which來替換。例如：1)This is the house where  (in which) I lived two years ago.  在這句中，where= in which2) Do you remember the day when (on which) you

34、joined our club? 在這句中，when= on which3) This is the reason why (for which)  he came late. 在這句中，reason= for which關(guān)系代，關(guān)系代，that與who要除外；挑選介詞要聰明，必看動(dòng)詞和先行；介詞后可用關(guān)系代詞，但只能用which或whom，不能用that 和who。那么，這個(gè)介詞怎么選呢？其一，可以看定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞；其二，可以看先行詞。例如：1) The pain from which the poor suffered in this area has

35、attracted the attention of the public. 本句中用from 加 which, from與定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞搭配，suffer from。2) English is a useful tool in which I can communicate with foreign friends.本句中用in加which, 和先行詞搭配，先行詞表語言，因此用in。聰明反被聰明誤，只因亂用關(guān)系副；關(guān)系副，關(guān)系副，定缺主賓它不住；它不住，它不住，關(guān)系代詞來玩酷；關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中是做狀語的，where做地點(diǎn)狀語，when做時(shí)間狀語，why做原因狀語，但要特別

36、注意，如果定語從句中所缺的不是狀語，而是主語、賓語或表語，就不要用關(guān)系副詞，而要用關(guān)系代詞。例如：1) I still remember the days _ we spent together in the mountains last summer.   先看定語從句中所缺少的句子成分，spent是及物動(dòng)詞，缺賓語，因此不能填when, 而要用關(guān)系代詞which或that。2）This is the house _ his grandfather once lived in.   先看定語從句中所缺少的句子成分，lived in, 明顯缺賓語，in是介詞，介詞

37、后應(yīng)該有賓語，所以不能填where, 而要用which或that。3）Is that the reason _ you explained to the teacher for your being late for school?   先看定語從句中所缺少的句子成分，explain后應(yīng)該跟雙賓語，缺少一個(gè)賓語，因此不能用why, 而要用which或that。10.只記上邊不可以，特殊情況告訴你；先行用way 做狀語, in which/ that /略可以，先行詞是way, 表示方式，在定語從句中做方式狀語，其后的關(guān)系詞可以有三種處理方式，即：in which/ that

38、 或省略。例句：I like the way he smiles.I like the way that he smiles.I like the way in which he smiles.one of +復(fù)做先行，從中謂語復(fù)數(shù)明，one前若有only/ very, 從中謂語定用單；例句：Ling Qing is one of the volunteers who are ready to go to the countryside.Ling Qing is the only one of the volunteers who is ready to go to the countrysi

39、de.定從名從可轉(zhuǎn)換，all that被 what換；名詞性從句中的what/whatever/whoever等詞，在句中做主語、賓語或表語時(shí)，可以轉(zhuǎn)換成定語從句。例句：1) I dont believe whatever he says.= I don't believe anything (that) he says.2) Whoever breaks the law will be punished.= Anyone who breaks the law will be punished.3) The driver didnt hear what the policeman sa

40、id. = The driver didnt hear the words that the policeman said.4) The students can do all (that) they can to help the old teacher. =  The students can do what they can to help the old teacher. 定語從句練習(xí)題：1. There is somebody here _ wants to speak to you.  A. that  B. who  C. whi

41、ch  D. when 2. Charles Smith, _ was my former teacher, retired last year.  A. who  B. that  C. which  D. whom 3. This novel, _I have read three times, is very touching.  A. that  B. /  C. which  D. what 4. He seems not to have grasped what I meant, _ grea

42、tly upsets me.  A.what  B. who  C. whom  D. which 5. Do you like the book _ color is yellow?  A. which  B. whichs  C. whose  D. whom6. The school in _ he once studied is very famous.  A. where  B. which  C. that  D. who 7. Well go to hear t

43、he famous singer _ we have often talked about.  A. for whom  B. on who  C. /  D. which8. He loved his parents deeply, both of _ are very kind to him.  A. them  B. that   C. who  D. whom 9. There are forty students in our class in all, and most of _ are fr

44、om big cities.   A. whom  B. which  C. whom  D.them10. The reason _ which he refused the invitation is not clear.  A. why  B. for   C. on   D. that 11. This is the mountain village _ I visited last year.  A. /  B. where  C. at which

45、60; D. in which 12. I'll never forget the days _I spent in the countryside.  A. which  B. when  C. with whom  D. on which 13. Is this museum _ you visited a few days ago?A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one14. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held?A. whereB. thatC. on

46、whichD. the one15. _ spits in public will be punished here.   A. Whoever  B. Who  C. Whom  D. Whose 16. _ we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.  A. Which  B. Who  C. Like  D. As 17. The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we cou

47、ld expect.A. whatB. whichC. thatD. it18. I have got into the same trouble_he (has).   A. that  B. as  C. like   D. which  19. Finally, the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police.   A. that  B. what  C. which  D. who  20.

48、 After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing _ he owned.   A. as   B. that  C. which  D. where 21. Can you remember the scientist and his theory _ we have learned?  A. that  B. who  C. which  D. as 22. Do you remember the day _ you joi

49、ned our club？  A. in which  B. that  C. which  D. when【賓語從句】巧記賓語從句        賓語從句歌訣 賓語從句三姊妹，that，if/whether，wh-/how展風(fēng)采。展風(fēng)采有三關(guān)，引導(dǎo)詞、語序、時(shí)態(tài)在把關(guān)。主從時(shí)態(tài)要一致，陳述語序永不變。陳述請(qǐng)你選that，疑問需用if/whether連。特殊問句作賓從，原來問詞不用換。三關(guān)過后莫得意，人稱、標(biāo)點(diǎn)需注意。留意變臉的if/when，從句的簡(jiǎn)化記心間。 歌訣解碼一、三姊妹賓語從句根據(jù)引導(dǎo)詞的不同可分為三種類型：1. 由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。如：We knew （that）we should learn from each other.2. 由if/whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。如：Please tell me if/whether you have been to America.3. 由who，where，how等連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。如：Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office？二、三關(guān)1. 引導(dǎo)詞關(guān)如果從句是陳述句，引導(dǎo)詞用