1、2016年初二英語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的講解及習(xí)題答案周末重難點(diǎn)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的講解和練習(xí)題一、構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+have/has+過(guò)去分詞+其他否定式:主語(yǔ)+haven't/hasn't+過(guò)去分詞+其他。疑問(wèn)式：Have/Has+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+其他？簡(jiǎn)略答語(yǔ)：（肯定）Yes,主語(yǔ)+have/has.（否定）No,主語(yǔ)+haven't/hasn't.（否定）二、用法：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)既涉及過(guò)去，又聯(lián)系現(xiàn)在（一）表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，也可表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)常與just（剛剛）already（已經(jīng)）never（從來(lái)沒(méi)有）ever（曾

2、經(jīng)），before（以前），yet（仍然，還），once（一次）twice（兩次）manytimes（很多次）howmanytimes（多少次）sofar（迄今為止）uptonow,tillnow等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：副詞的位置：just常用于肯定句中，放在have/has后）Hehasjustcome.He has nevernever表示否定，放在have/has后,visitedtheGreatWall.ever用于疑問(wèn)句中，句型為：Have/Has+主語(yǔ)+ever+過(guò)去分詞?"曾經(jīng)過(guò)嗎？”用于詢問(wèn)某人過(guò)去的經(jīng)歷。Haveyoueverbeentothefarm?before用于

3、句末）Thewomanhasneverheardofthatbefore.yet用于句末或not之后.Hasthetrainarrivedyet?No,notyet.already用于肯定句,have/has之后或句末.Wehavealreadyfinishedit.sofar用于句首或句末.Sofar,wehavevisitedthemoon.（二）：表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：for+表示一段時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ)IhavetaughtEnglishfor19years。since+表示過(guò)去時(shí)間點(diǎn)的詞語(yǔ)Hehasbeenatthisschoolsince1986since

4、+表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.since+一段日寸間+ago.Ihaveknownhimsince20yearsago.三、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)中可以和表示一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)（for,since,howlong,allone')SSifS的動(dòng)詞必須用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞(肯定句)。如：be,have,know?live?work)study,learn)teach,keep,speak,talk)draw)wait)wear,walk?sleep,drive,write,do,clean等。Eg.Ihavebeenateacherfornearly20year

5、s.How10nghashelivedhere?常見(jiàn)終止性動(dòng)詞和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的相應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)換形式如下：1、borrow/lendfkeep,2、buyfhave,3、finish/endfbeover,4、begin/start-beo5、openfbeopen6、closefbeclosed，、diefbedead8、arrive/come/go/move/reach/gettofbehere/bethere,9、leave-beawayfrom)10、gotoschool-beinschoc/beastudent,11、getupfbeup,12、fallasleepfbeasleep13、fal

6、lillbeill14、gettoknowknow,15、losefbelost16、becomebe17、begintostudy-study,18、return/comeback/getback-bebackjoinfbein/beamember,20、jointhearmy-beinthearmy/beasoldier21、receive / get a letterf have a l22ter catch / getacold-haveacoldEg.他參軍已有三年.Hehasjoinedthearmyforthreeyears.（錯(cuò)）改為：Hehasbeeninthearmyfor

7、threeyears/sincethreeyearsago.Hehas_beenasoldierforthreeyears/sincethreeyearsago.四、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題1. havebeento和havegoneto的區(qū)havebeento強(qiáng)調(diào)曾經(jīng)去過(guò)”，現(xiàn)已不在那里，已經(jīng)回來(lái)了havegoneto主要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是去了"可能在去的途中，或在去的目的地。2. havebeento和havebeenin的區(qū)別havebeento強(qiáng)調(diào)人巳回到原地”，后面可接表示次數(shù)的狀語(yǔ)。havebeenin表示某人巳在某地停留一段時(shí)間，現(xiàn)仍在那里”，其后常帶表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)練習(xí)題

8、I.Fillintheblankswiththeproperform.1. Ialready(see)thefilm.I(see)itlastweek.2. he(finish)hisworktoday?Notyet.3. Myfatherjust(come)backfromwork.Heistirednow.4. WheresLiMing?He(go)totheteachersoffice.5. I(work)heresinceI(move)herein1999.6. SofarI(make)quiteafewfriendshere.7. HowlongtheWangs(stay)here?

9、Fortwoweeks.8. Ijust(finish)myhomework.9. He(go)toschoolonfooteveryday.10. you(find)yoursciencebookyet?11. Ifit(be)finetomorrow,I'llgowithyou.12. Thestudents(read)Englishwhentheteachercamein.13. Look!Themonkey(climb)thetree.14. Mymother(come)toseemenextSunday.15. I'velostmypen.you(see)itanyw

10、here?II. Choosethebestanswer.()1、Bothhisparentslooksad.Maybetheywhat'shappenedtohim.A.knewB.haveknownC.mustknowD.willknow()2、HehasbeentoShanghai,hashe?.everA.alreadyB.never.still()3、 Have you met MrA . justB . a moment ago()4、 The famous writerLi ？agoC .beforeone new book in thepasttwoyear.A.isw

11、ritingB.waswritingC.wroteD.haswritten()5、Ourcountryalotsofar.changed ; wellchanged ; betterin this schoolYes.IhopeitwillbeevenA.has.changed;goodC.has.changed;better()6、ZhaoLanalreadyfortwoyears.was;studyingwill;studyC.has;studiedD.Xiao Li since she was aare;studying()7、Welittlegirl. know. had knownh

12、aveknownD.knew()8、HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.Iittwice.A.willseeB.haveseenC.sawD.see()9、ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates.Really?Whenthere?A.willtheygoB.didtheygoC.dotheygoD.havetheygone()10、you_yourhomeworkyet?Yes.Iitamomentago.A.Did;do;finishedB.Have;done;finishedC.Have;done;havefinishedD.will;

13、do;finish()11、HisfatherthePartysince1978.A.joinedB.hasjoinedC.wasinD.hasbeenin()12、Doyouknowhimwell?since tenSure.Wefriendsyears ago .A. were. have beenhavebecome. have made()13、How long have you About two months .here ?come() 14、. been. gone. arrivedHurryup!The playfortenminutes .hasbegunhad begunC

14、 .hasbeen onbegan()15、Itten yearssincehe leftthearmy . is. haswillwas)16 、Miss Green isn't inthe office .she.will gotothelibrary.A.hasgoneB.wentD.hasbeen()17、MyparentsShandongfortenyears.A.havebeeninB.havebeentoC.havegonetoD.havebeen()18、Thestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom,?A.sotheyB.don'they

15、C.havetheyD.haven'tthey()19、hasMrWhitebeenamemberofGreenerChinasincehetoChina?A.Howsoon,comesB.Howoften,gotC.Howlong,cameD.Howfar,arrived()20、Hisuncleformorethan9years.A.hascomehereB.hasstartedtoworkC.haslivedthereD.haslefttheuniversity()21.Howlonghaveyouhere?A.comeB.gotC.arrivedD.been()22.Mygra

16、ndpadied.A.attheageofmy2B.for2yearsC.whenIwas2.D.myagewas6.()23.JanehastoBeiJing.Shewillcomebacktomorrow.A.beenB.goneC.wentD.neverbeen()24.ItistenyearsIlastsawher.A.afterB.sinceC.forD.that()25.-WhowillgotothestationtomeetLorry?-Iwill.Iherseveraltimes.A.metB.havemetC.hadmetD.willmeet()26.-Whatanicedr

17、ess!Howlongyouit?-Just2weeks.A.will,buyB.did,buyC.are,havingD.have,had()27.-DoyouknowLydiaverywell?-Yes,SheandIfriendssincewewereveryyoung.A.havemadeB.havebecomeC.havebeenD.haveturned()28.TheSmithsinChinafor8years.A.haslivedB.livedC.havebeenD.live()29.-Hello,thisisMr.Greenspeaking.CanIspeaktoMr.Blac

18、k?-Sorry.HetheBainiaoPark.A.hasbeentoB.hasgonetoC.wenttoD.willgoto()30.-youevertotheUS?-Yes,twice.A.Have,goneB.Have,beenC,Do,goD.were,goingIII. Rewritethesentences.1. IhavebeentoMacaubefore.(改為否定句)IbeentoMacaubefore.2. Hehasn'tcometoschobecausehewasill.(就戈U線部分提問(wèn))hecometoschool?3. Iboughanewbikej

19、ustnow.（用just改寫）Ijustanewbike.4. WebegantolearnEnglishthreeyearsago.（改為同義句）WeEnglishthreeyears5. Hehasneversurfed,?（改成反意疑問(wèn)句）6. Theyhavebeenheresince.2000.（對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)）havetheybeenhere?7. Theoldmanlastyear.Hehasforayear.（die）（動(dòng)詞填空）8. MissGaoleftanhourago.（同義句轉(zhuǎn)換）MissGaohasanhourago.四、用have/hasbeento/in,ha

20、vegoneto及go的各種形式填空。1） WhereisJack?Hehiscountry.2） Davidtheparkjustnow.3） JohnEnglandsincehecameback.4） Howlongtheythisvillage?5） TheSmithsBeijingforyears.6）youeverAmerica?-Yes,Itheremanytimes.7) Ithisschoolsincethreeyearsago.8) WhereisJim?Hethefarm.9) Whenhe?Heanhourago.10) Wouldyouliketotothezoowit

21、hme?-Yes,butItherebefore.11) Whereyounow?-Itothezoo.12) Heoftenswimming.13) youtherelastyear?14) theyoftenskatinginwinter?五、用never,ever,already,just,yet,for,since填空1. Ihaveseenhimbefore,soIhavenoideaabouthim.2. Jackhasfinishedhishomework.3. Mr.Wanghastaughtinthisschooltenyears.4. “Haveyouseenthefilm?”“No,Ihave-X”seenit.”5. “ Hasthe bus left? ” “Yesi,t has left.參考答案：一、單項(xiàng)選擇。1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主要強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響，或過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作還未結(jié)束，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)，重點(diǎn)在于對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。這種考查難度較大，往往無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，需要從上下文分析、推理才行。故上兩側(cè)根據(jù)上下文分析、推理，正確答案是B。2、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與already（已經(jīng)），just（剛剛，正好），ever（曾經(jīng)），never（從來(lái)，也不；從不）,befor