1、Lesson 101 A card from Jimmy吉米的明信片 Todays English1.Good luck! 祝好運!2. I promise 我保證 Scotland sktlnd n.蘇格蘭（英國） card k:d n. 明信片 youth ju: n. 青年 hostel hstl n. 招待所，旅館 association sen n. 協(xié)會 soon su:n adv. 不久 write (wrote, written) v. 寫 Scotland sktlnd n.蘇格蘭（英國） 蘇格蘭是大不列顛及北愛爾蘭聯(lián)合王國下屬的地區(qū)之一，位于大不列顛島北部，英格蘭之北，以格

2、子花紋，風笛音樂，畜牧業(yè)與威士忌工業(yè)而聞名。 card k:d n. 明信片 =post card 明信片明信片credit card 信用卡信用卡an ID card 身份證身份證a birthday card 生日卡片生日卡片Play cards 打撲克打撲克visiting cardcalling cardbusiness card 名片 youth ju: n. 青年1) n.青年人，年輕人青年人，年輕人 （單復數(shù)同形）（單復數(shù)同形）該國的青年人一般都有禮貌。該國的青年人一般都有禮貌。The youth of the country is polite in general.2）n.

3、青年（少年）時期，青春時期青年（少年）時期，青春時期他少年時代在美國度過。（他少年時代在美國度過。（spend）He spent his youth in the U.S.A他年輕時學過意大利語。他年輕時學過意大利語。He studied Italian in his youth. hostel hstl n. 招待所，旅館 association sen n.協(xié)會我父親是牙醫(yī)協(xié)會的會長。我父親是牙醫(yī)協(xié)會的會長。My father was the president of the dental association.p在組織或者機構(gòu)前要加定冠詞在組織或者機構(gòu)前要加定冠詞thethe Unit

4、ed Nations 聯(lián)合國聯(lián)合國 soon su:n adv. 不久1) adv.不久不久他不久就會回來。他不久就會回來。He will be back soon. 表演在晚餐之后很快就開始了。表演在晚餐之后很快就開始了。The show began soon after dinner.2)adv.快，早快，早Winter has come too soon.冬天來得太早了冬天來得太早了The sooner, the better. 越快越好越快越好as soon as 一一就就你一完成就告訴我你一完成就告訴我Tell me as soon as you have finished. wri

5、te (wrote, written) v. 寫請你把姓名，地址寫在這里。請你把姓名，地址寫在這里。Write your name and address here, please. 我用鉛筆還是用鋼筆寫？我用鉛筆還是用鋼筆寫？Shall I write with a pencil or a pen? write in English用英文寫用英文寫write to sb. 給某人寫信給某人寫信我一個月給我家人寫兩封信。我一個月給我家人寫兩封信。I write to my family twice a month.Listen and answer:1.What does Grandmothe

6、r want Penny to read to her?2.Where is Jimmy?3 Has Jimmy been in Scotland for a long time?4. Where does he say hes staying?GRANDMOTHER: Read Jimmys card to me please, penny. PENNY:I have just arrived in Scotland and Im staying at a Youth Hostel.GRANDMOTHER: Eh? PENNY: He says hes just arrived in Sco

7、tland. He says hes staying at a Youth Hostel. You know hes a member of the Y.H.A.GRANDMOTHER: The what? PENNY: The Y.H.A., Mum. The Youth Hostels Association. GRANDMOTHER: What else does he say? PENNY: Ill write a letter soon. I hope you all well. GRANDMOTHER: What? Speak up. Penny. Im afraid I cant

8、 hear you PENNY: He says hell write a letter soon. He hopes we are all well. Love, Jimmy. GRANDMOTHER: Is that all? He doesnt say very much, does he? PENNY: He cant write very much on a card,Mum. 1.What does Grandmother want Penny to read to her?pJimmys Card.2.Where is Jimmy?pHes in Scotland.3 Has J

9、immy been in Scotland for a long time?pNo, he hasnt.4. Where does he say hes staying?pAt a Youth Hostel.Note on the text 課文講解課文講解1.Read Jimmys card to me please, Penny.read sth to sb =read sb sth把把讀給讀給聽聽讀這份報紙給我聽。讀這份報紙給我聽。Read the newspaper to me. 你能給我讀一下這封信嗎？你能給我讀一下這封信嗎？Can you read the letter to me

10、?2.just （1）剛剛（完成時態(tài)）剛剛（完成時態(tài)）她剛剛把鑰匙給我。她剛剛把鑰匙給我。He has just given the key to me. 他剛剛?cè)D書館。他剛剛?cè)D書館。She has just gone to the library.（2）正要）正要,剛要剛要 (進行時態(tài)進行時態(tài))他們剛要作弊，老師過來了。他們剛要作弊，老師過來了。They were just cheating. The teacher came here. 3. Eh? =What?=Pardon?4. He says hes just arrived in Scotland. He says hes s

11、taying at a Youth Hostel.引述別人的話有兩種方式：一是使用引號引出人家的原話，叫做直接引語；一是用自己的話把人家的話轉(zhuǎn)述出來，叫做間接引語。例如： John says, “Im tired.” （引號內(nèi)是直接引語） John says that he is tired. （賓語從句是間接引語） 直接引語和間接引語直接引語和間接引語p直接引直接引語語就是直接引用就是直接引用說話說話人原來所人原來所說說的的話話，而，而間間接引接引語語就是原就是原話話的的轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)述。述。p直接引直接引語語放在引號里，放在引號里，間間接引接引語語是把是把說話說話人人的原的原話變話變成成賓語賓語從句

12、。從句。p直接引直接引語變語變間間接引接引語須語須在人稱，在人稱，時態(tài)時態(tài)及地點及地點狀狀語語等方面作相等方面作相應應的的變變化?；?。1.如果直接引語為陳述句，變?yōu)槿绻苯右Z為陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引語間接引語時常時常用從屬連詞用從屬連詞that引導（口語中可省略），引導（口語中可省略），引述引述動常常用動常常用say, tell等。同時，概據(jù)主語的要求，等。同時，概據(jù)主語的要求，間接引語須在間接引語須在人稱，時態(tài)及人稱，時態(tài)及其它方面作相應的其它方面作相應的變化。變化。She said to me, “I have left my book in your room.” She told me

13、that she had left her book in my room.2. 如果直接引語為如果直接引語為疑問句疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，變?yōu)殚g接引語時關聯(lián)詞用關聯(lián)詞用whether, if 或其他疑問詞或其他疑問詞;詞序與詞序與一般從句相同，一般從句相同，引述動詞引述動詞常用常用say, ask, wonder等。等?！癐s he your brother?” he said. He asked if he was my brother.Mr. Smith asked, “What is your name?”Mr. Smith asked what my name was. 3.如果直接

14、引語為如果直接引語為祈使句祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語，變?yōu)殚g接引語時多用時多用“名詞（代詞）名詞（代詞）+不定式不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。結(jié)構(gòu)。1）引述表示）引述表示命令命令的祈使句，常用動詞的祈使句，常用動詞order, tell, warn;2）引述表示）引述表示請求請求的祈使句，常用動詞的祈使句，常用動詞ask, beg;3)引述表示引述表示建議、勸告的建議、勸告的祈使句，常用動詞祈使句，常用動詞advise等。等。The boss said, “Please come here again tomorrow.” The boss asked me to go there again the next d

15、ay. 賓語從句三要素賓語從句三要素引導詞引導詞that+that+陳述句陳述句 ififwhether+whether+一般疑問句一般疑問句 特殊疑問詞特殊疑問詞+ +特殊疑問句特殊疑問句時態(tài)時態(tài)主句為一般現(xiàn)在時從句可為任何時態(tài)主句為一般現(xiàn)在時從句可為任何時態(tài)主句為一般過去時主句為一般過去時從句從句一般過去時一般過去時過去將來時過去將來時過去進行時過去進行時過去完成時過去完成時語序語序賓語從句的語序都為陳述句語序賓語從句的語序都為陳述句語序客觀真理時態(tài)不變客觀真理時態(tài)不變If whether “是否”pIt all depends on if she likes the boss.pIt a

16、ll depends on whether she likes the boss.pIt all depends on whether she likes the boss or not.用 whether 不用 if在介詞后面的賓語從句中不用if引導p 例：Everything depends on whether we have enough money。賓語從句中有or not時不用if引導.p 例：I dont know whether the movie star will come or not.和不定式連用作賓語時不用if引導.p 例：Whether to go there or

17、 not hasnt been decided.注意事項：p由陳述句變成賓語從句時，要注意人稱的變化。p She said: “I have been to England before.”p She said that she had been to England before.p She asked me: “Do you like maths?”p She asked me if I liked maths.“疑問詞+不定式”p 由連接代詞和連接副詞引導的賓語從句，如果賓語從句的主語和主句的主語是同一個人時，可以用“疑問詞+不定式”做賓語的簡單句結(jié)構(gòu)。p I dont know wha

18、t I should do next.p I dont know what to do next.p He didnt know where he would live.p He didnt know where to live.p 1. He said. He has a big house.p 2. Nobody knows. Did anybody get there on time?p 3. She wondered. Where can she wait for No. 11 bus?p 4. Aunt Liu asked her son :Do you find my handba

19、g?“p 5. The teacher told the students :The sun is bigger than the moon.“p 6. Did you know? Whats your father doing ?p 1. He said. He has a big house.He said he had a big house.p 2. Nobody knows. Did anybody get there on time?Nobody knows if anybody got there on time.p 3. She wondered. Where can she

20、wait for No. 11 bus?She wondered where she could wait for No. 11 bus.p 4. Aunt Liu asked her son :Do you find my handbag?Aunt Liu asked her son whether he found her handbag.p 5. The teacher told the students :The sun is bigger than the moon.The teacher told the students that the sun is bigger than t

21、he moon.p 6. Did you know? Whats your father doing ?Did you know what your father was doing?5.arrive in + 城市城市/ 國名（大地點）國名（大地點）她昨天到了馬德里。她昨天到了馬德里。She arrived in Madrid yesterday.arrive at +公共場所地點名稱公共場所地點名稱(airport, park, the station)（?。ㄐ〉攸c）地點）我們十分鐘前到達機場。我們十分鐘前到達機場。We arrived at the airport the minutes

22、 ago. 6.You know hes a member of the Y.H.A. a member of 的成員之一她是我們班的一員。She is a memer of our class.7.What else does he say?What else 其它什么其它什么When else 其它什么時間其它什么時間Where else 其它什么地方其它什么地方Who else 其它什么人其它什么人你還想要其它什么東西？你還想要其它什么東西？What else do you want? 其它什么時間我們再見面呢？其它什么時間我們再見面呢？When else can we meet aga

23、in? 你還去過其它什么地方？你還去過其它什么地方？Where else have you been? 還有誰能做這件事？還有誰能做這件事？Who else can do it? 8. Speak up.=Louder, please.=Say it loudly, please. 9. Im afraid I cant hear you . hear 與 listen to 的區(qū)別： hear 聽見，及物動詞，強調(diào)結(jié)果 Can you hear me at the back? listen to 聽，不及物動詞，強調(diào)動作 Listen to me/ music, please!10. Lov

24、e, Jimmy. =Yours, Jimmy. 11.He doesnt say very much, does he? 反意疑問句反意疑問句簡單來說就是: 陳述句+簡短反義提問句 反意疑問句：定義：表示提問人的看法，但沒有把握，需要對方的證實。結(jié)構(gòu)：陳述句+簡短疑問句。前肯后否，前否后肯。兩部分的人稱和時態(tài)要保持一致。 You are Jimmy, arent you? They wont leave, will they? 回答:要根據(jù)事實， Yes/No也要與后面一致： No, he doesnt. 是，他沒寫多少。 Yes, he does. 不，他寫了很多。1.簡單來說就是:陳述句

25、+簡短反義提問句 1）當陳述部分為肯定式，反意疑問句為否定式。例如:It is a cup,isnt it?（這是杯子，對么？）He wants to go home,doesnt he? （他想回家，對么？）2）當陳述部分為否定式，反意疑問句為肯定式。例如：It isnt a cup,is it?（這不是杯子，對么？）He doesnt want to go home,does he?（他不想回家，對么？） 2.反意疑問句的回答簡單來說就是：無論問題是肯定還是否定，回答都是根據(jù)實際情況來回答。例如：You like apples, dont you?(你喜歡蘋果，對么？）You dont l

26、ike apples, do you?（你不喜歡蘋果，對么？）雖然問題不一樣，但答案是：如果你喜歡的話就回答：Yes,I like.如果你不喜歡的話就回答：No,I dont like.3.特別注意：肯定反意疑問句的回答和否定反意疑問句的回答翻譯成漢語是有區(qū)別的：1）肯定反意疑問句回答時yes和no翻譯成漢語時是一致的：例如：“Its new, isnt it?” （“這是新的，對嗎？”）“ ”Yes,it is.“ （是，是新的?！保癐ts new, isnt it?“ （“這是新的，對嗎？”）“ ”No,it isnt.“（不，不是新的?！保?2）而否定反意疑問句回答時yes和no翻譯成

27、漢語時是不一致的：例如：“It isnt new, is it?” （“這不是新的，對嗎？ ）“Yes,it is.” （“不，是新的?！保盜t isnt new, is it?“ （“這不是新的，對嗎？”） 特別注意：當陳述部分的主語是I，而句子又用來征詢對方的意見時，附加疑問句中的主語用you。如： I find English very interesting, dont you? I dont like that film, do you? 當陳述部分的主語是everybody, everyone, someone, nobody, no one, somebody等合成 代詞時，附

28、加疑問句中的主語通常用they。但亦 可用he，尤其是nobody, no one等作主語，具 有否定概念時。如： Somebody phoned while I was out, didnt they? Nobody wants to go there, does he? 當陳述部分的主語是不定代詞everything, nothing, anything, something時,附加 疑問句用it.Everything seems all right now, doesnt it?Nothing is kept in good order, is it? 當陳述部分的主語是指示代詞this

29、, that或these, those時，附加疑問句中的主語分別用it和they。如： This is important, isnt it? These are your friends Tom and Jack, arent they? 5. 當陳述句為there be結(jié)構(gòu)時，附加疑問句中用there。如： Theres no help for it, is there? Theres something wrong, isnt there? 6陳述部分帶有seldom, hardly, never, rarely, few, little, nowhere, nothing等否定詞或半否

30、定詞時，附加疑問部分的動詞用肯定形式。如： Bob rarely got drunk, did he? 7.如果陳述部分的否定詞帶有否定前綴，那么，該陳述部分作肯定處理，附加疑問部分一般仍用否定形式。如： He was unsuccessful, wasnt he? Tom dislikes the book, doesnt he? 7. Dont open the door, will you? Give me some cigarettes, can you? Take a rest, why dont you? Lets have a basketball match this afte

31、rnoon, shall we? Let us go out for a rest, will you?p1. Tom does his homework every day, ?p2. Hes swimming now, ?p3. She doesnt like maths, ?p4. They went to the beach yesterday, ?p5. They werent in Hangzhou last week, ?p6. He can speak a little French, ?p7. He can speak little French, ?p8. She never went to Shanghai, ?p9. Close the door,