1、實用會計英語 / Practical Accounting English實用會計英語Practical Accounting English實用會計英語 / Practical Accounting English實用會計英語 / Practical Accounting EnglishUnit 01 The World of AccountingGoals Goals 學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) 1. Have general knowledge of accounting and its environment, including types of business and role of ac

2、counting in the business; users and their specific needs of accounting information; accounting profession, professional accounting bodies and accounting regulatory system. 2. Get familiar with accounting conceptual framework. 3. Get familiar with accounting elements and accounting equation. 4. Maste

3、r the skill of double entry bookkeeping.1-1實用會計英語 / Practical Accounting EnglishGuidanceGuidance 學(xué)習(xí)指導(dǎo)學(xué)習(xí)指導(dǎo) 會計的產(chǎn)生與發(fā)展同人們管理經(jīng)濟(jì)、講求經(jīng)濟(jì)效益有著緊密的聯(lián)系，隨著生產(chǎn)力水平的不斷發(fā)展、管理水平的提高及人類對經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的更高追求，相應(yīng)地會對會計提出新的要求。由于各國的生產(chǎn)技術(shù)、生產(chǎn)關(guān)系、經(jīng)濟(jì)體制和上層建筑等的不同，各國的會計也有差異。但隨著國際籌資、投資活動與跨國經(jīng)營活動的增長，為盡可能消除各國會計處理上的差異，各國會計處理趨向某種程度的國際協(xié)調(diào)，即要求會計成為“國際商業(yè)語言”。1-2

4、Contents【Unit 01】2 21 13 34 4【 LESSON 】ACCOUNTING AND ITS ENVIRONMENT【 LESSON 】ACCOUNTING CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 【 LESSON 】ACCOUNTING ELEMENTS, EQUATION AND DOUBLE ENTRY BOOKEEPING【 LESSON 】ACCOUNTING CYCLEThe World of Accounting011-3實用會計英語 / Practical Accounting EnglishLESSON1 ACCOUNTING AND ITS ENVI

5、RONMENTGOAL 學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) Have general knowledge of different types of business and role of accounting in the business Have general knowledge of the users of accounting information and their specific information needs Have general knowledge of accounting profession, important professional accounting bodies a

6、nd accounting regulatory system1-4實用會計英語 / Practical Accounting EnglishA. Look at the pictures and match them with the correct words in the box.customer investorsupplier the publiclenders employeegovernment managementcompetitor labor unionmanufacturing merchandisingservice MODULE 1 學(xué)以致用1-5實用會計英語 / P

7、ractical Accounting EnglishMODULE 2 手不釋卷 1. Nature of business 1.1 Types of business entity A business can be organized in three different ways: manufacturing, merchandising and service business, as shown in Exhibit 1-1.。 1. 企業(yè)的性質(zhì) 1.1企業(yè)的三種類型：制造業(yè)、商業(yè)和服務(wù)企業(yè)。A. Reading material1-6實用會計英語 / Practical Accou

8、nting EnglishMODULE 2 手不釋卷 A manufacturing business converts materials into finished products through the use of machinery and labor. A merchandising business must first purchase merchandises from other businesses (such as manufacturers or distributors) and then sell them to customers. A service bus

9、iness provides services rather than products to customers. 1.2 Forms of business Three different forms of businesses are proprietorship (or sole trader), partnership and corporation, as shown in Exhibit 1-2. 制造企業(yè)通過機器和工人將材料轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)換成產(chǎn)成品。 商業(yè)企業(yè)必須先從其他企業(yè)(如，制造商或分銷商)采購商品，并將這些商品銷售給客戶。 服務(wù)業(yè)企業(yè)向客戶提供服務(wù)而不是提供產(chǎn)品。 1.2 企業(yè)的

10、三種組織形式：獨營、合伙和公司形式。1-7實用會計英語 / Practical Accounting EnglishMODULE 2 手不釋卷 A proprietorship is owned and managed by one person, although there might be any number of employees. A proprietorship is fully and personally liable for any losses that the business might make. A partnership is a business owned

11、 jointly by a number of partners. The partners are jointly liable for any losses that the business might make. A company is owned by shareholders. Most companies are limited liability companies. For a limited liability company, the shareholders will not be personally liable for any losses the compan

12、y incurs. The liability is limited to the nominal value of the shares they they own. This limited liability is achieved by treating the company as a completely separate legal entity. 個體獨營企業(yè)由一人所有和管理，雖然可能擁有不同數(shù)量的員工。企業(yè)的所有損失將全部由個體獨營者個人承擔(dān)。 合伙企業(yè)有一些合伙人共同所有。企業(yè)的所有損失將由合伙人共同承擔(dān)。 企業(yè)由股東所有。大部分的企業(yè)是有限責(zé)任公司。有限責(zé)任公司的股東無需

13、個人承擔(dān)企業(yè)的損失。他們的損失只局限于他們所擁有的股票的名義價值。有限責(zé)任是通過將企業(yè)看做與股東完全獨立的法律主體而實現(xiàn)的。1-8實用會計英語 / Practical Accounting EnglishMODULE 2 手不釋卷 1.3 Types of business activities Three different types of business activities are: financing activities, investing activities and operating activities, as shown in Exhibit 1-3. Financi

14、ng activities involve obtaining funds to begin and operate a business. After funds are financed, a business must use investing activities to obtain the necessary resources to start and operate the business. Once resources have been acquired, a business uses the resources to implement its operating a

15、ctivities. 1.3 企業(yè)的三種活動類型：籌資活動、投資活動和經(jīng)營活動。 籌資活動包括獲取興建和經(jīng)營企業(yè)的資金。當(dāng)企業(yè)籌集到資金后，通過投資活動獲得啟動和經(jīng)營企業(yè)的必要物資。獲得物資后，企業(yè)將運用物資實施其經(jīng)營活動。1-9實用會計英語 / Practical Accounting EnglishMODULE 2 手不釋卷 2. Objectives of Accounting The objectives of accounting, are shown in Exhibit 1-4: recording the business transactions; summarizing t

16、he business transactions for a period in order to provide information about the company in the forms of financial statements, such as balance sheet, income statement, cash flow statement etc (see Exhibit 1-5 which briefly shows the information in each of the financial statements); supporting decisio

17、n making. 2. 會計的目標(biāo) 根據(jù)Exhibit 1-4，會計的目標(biāo)包括：記錄商業(yè)交易；以財務(wù)報表的形式歸納商業(yè)交易的信息，如資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表，利潤表，現(xiàn)金流量表等；支持決策。1-10實用會計英語 / Practical Accounting EnglishMODULE 2 手不釋卷 1-11實用會計英語 / Practical Accounting EnglishMODULE 2 手不釋卷 3. Users of accounting information In general, users of accounting information are divided into two m

18、ajor categories: internal information users and external information users. As it is illustrated in Exhibit 1-6, financial accounting is concerned with the production of financial statements for external users. Management (or managerial) accounting provides much more detailed and up-to dated informa

19、tion for the management. 3. 會計信息使用者 會計信息使用者一般可分為兩種：內(nèi)部信息使用者和外部信息使用者。 如Exhibit 1-6所示，財務(wù)會計為外部的信息使用者提供財務(wù)報表；管理會計為管理層提供實時更新的詳細(xì)信息。1-12實用會計英語 / Practical Accounting EnglishMODULE 2 手不釋卷 4. Types of accounting (shown in Exhibit 1-7) 4. 會計的種類(見Exhibit 1-7)1-13實用會計英語 / Practical Accounting EnglishMODULE 2 手不釋卷

20、 5. Accounting regulatory system (shown in Exhibit 1-9) The IFRS Foundation (formerly known as the International Accounting Standards Committee Foundation (IASC), is the supervisory body for the IASB. IASB is responsible for adopting existed International Accounting Standards (IASs), developing and

21、issuing new accounting standards called International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs). The Logo is IASB is shown in Exhibit 1-8. The IFRIC issues rapid guidance on accounting matters where divergent interpretations of IFRSs have arisen. IAC provides a forum for the IASB to consult a wider rang

22、e of interested parties affected by the IASBs work. 5. 會計的法規(guī)體系 國際會計準(zhǔn)則理事會負(fù)責(zé)執(zhí)行現(xiàn)有國際會計準(zhǔn)則，開發(fā)與頒布新的會計準(zhǔn)則，叫做國際財務(wù)報告準(zhǔn)則。 國際會計準(zhǔn)則委員會負(fù)責(zé)實行國際會計準(zhǔn)則，開發(fā)和發(fā)布新的會計準(zhǔn)則，新發(fā)布的國際會計準(zhǔn)則叫國際財務(wù)報告準(zhǔn)則。 國際財務(wù)報告解析委員會為國際會計準(zhǔn)則提供會計問題方面的解析。 國際財務(wù)報告咨詢委員會是為國際會計準(zhǔn)則委員會咨詢各個受國際會計準(zhǔn)則委員會的工作影響的組織。1-14實用會計英語 / Practical Accounting EnglishMODULE 2 手不釋卷 1-15實用會

23、計英語 / Practical Accounting EnglishMODULE 2 手不釋卷 6. Professional accounting bodies 6.專業(yè)會計團(tuán)體1-16實用會計英語 / Practical Accounting EnglishB. Learn the new words and phrases in the passage and try to use them to make sentences.New Wordsproprietorship n. 獨資經(jīng)營partnership n. 合作關(guān)系,合伙企業(yè)financing n. 籌集資金,融資invest

24、ing n. 投資operating n. 經(jīng)營communicate vt. 溝通，交流summarize vt. 總結(jié)，概括investor n. 投資者creditor n. 債權(quán)人，債主globalization n. 全球化Standard n. 準(zhǔn)則，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Solvency n. 償付能力；溶解力，溶解狀態(tài)Useful Expressions and Knowledge 1. General Motors 美國通用汽車公司 2. financial statements 財務(wù)報表 3. decision makers 決策者 4. Balance Sheet 資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表 5. Inc

25、ome Statement 利潤表 6. Cash Flow Statement 現(xiàn)金流量表 7. government agencies 政府部門 8. Managerial accounting 管理會計 9. tax bureau 稅務(wù)局 10. Financial accounting 財務(wù)會計 11. ACCA 英國特許公認(rèn)會計師工會 ACCA成立于1904年，是目前世界上最大及最有影響力的專業(yè)會計師組織之一，也是在運作上通向國際化及發(fā)展最快的會計師專業(yè)團(tuán)體。 12. IASB 國際會計準(zhǔn)則理事會 International Accounting Standards Board (I

26、ASB) 國際會計準(zhǔn)則理事會，前身是International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC) 國際會計準(zhǔn)則委員會。于2000年全面重組，并在2001年初改為國際會計準(zhǔn)則委員會，主要負(fù)責(zé)制定和發(fā)布國際會計準(zhǔn)則，促進(jìn)國際會計的協(xié)調(diào)。1-17實用會計英語 / Practical Accounting EnglishC. Test your understanding 1. “Big Four” are the four largest international accountancy firms. Please write their Chinese

27、names in the blank.1-18實用會計英語 / Practical Accounting English 2. Match the words listed in the left box with the correct explanations in the right box.1-19實用會計英語 / Practical Accounting English 3. Fill in the blanks with correct words 1) (投資者)are interested in their potential profits and the security

28、of their investment. 2) (管理層)need detailed and up to dated information such as profitability of individual departments and products, in order to control their business and plan for the future. 3) (員工與工會)need to know if an employer can offer secure employment and salaries. 4) (債權(quán)人)need to know if the

29、y will be repaid, which will depend on the solvency of the company. 5) (供應(yīng)商)need to know the financial health of a business before agreeing to supply goods. 6) (顧客)need to know that a company can continue to supply them into the future. 7) (競爭對手)wish to compare their own performance against that of

30、other companies and lean about their rivals. 8) (政府)need to using accounting information to figure a company s tax liabilities and watch over the company s adherence on regulations.1-20實用會計英語 / Practical Accounting EnglishMODULE 3 博學(xué)多才 A. Visit the relevant websites and learn some useful information

31、. 1. /Home.htm 推薦理由：國際會計準(zhǔn)則理事會的官方網(wǎng)站?？刹榈揭皇值膰H會計準(zhǔn)則的修訂條例和解析。 2. http:/ 推薦理由：英國特許公認(rèn)會計師協(xié)會的官方網(wǎng)站。提供ACCA考試資料，會計職業(yè)培訓(xùn)與發(fā)展，會計專業(yè)前沿研究報告和實踐等豐富的信息。 B. Help your understanding 1. Big four (“四大”)會計師事務(wù)所 KPMG (畢馬威)KPMG專門提供審計、稅務(wù)和咨詢等服務(wù)，業(yè)務(wù)遍及全球。在全球近150個國家，擁有員工約140,000名。主要客戶包括：美國通用電氣、殼牌公司、輝瑞制藥、雀巢公司、奔馳公司、百事可

32、樂、花旗銀行等。 Ernest & Young(安永)Ernest & Young專門提供審計與鑒證，稅務(wù)咨詢與籌劃和財務(wù)咨詢等服務(wù)。已有百年歷史，業(yè)務(wù)遍及140多個國家，擁有員工135,000多名。主要客戶包括：英特爾、可口可樂、沃爾瑪、麥當(dāng)勞等。 Price Waterhouse Coopers(PWC)(普華永道)PWC專門提供審計、稅務(wù)、人力資源、交易、危機管理等服務(wù)。業(yè)務(wù)遍及154個國家和地區(qū)，擁有員工161,000多名。主要客戶包括：?？松?、IBM、強生公司、戴爾電腦、福特汽車、雪佛萊和諾基亞等。 Deloitte(“德勤”)Deloitte專門供審計、企業(yè)管理咨詢、財務(wù)咨詢、風(fēng)險

33、管理及稅務(wù)等服務(wù)。業(yè)務(wù)遍及150多個國家，擁有員工14,500多名。主要客戶包括：微軟公司、寶潔、美國通用汽車公司等。1-21實用會計英語 / Practical Accounting EnglishLESSON2 ACCOUNTING CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKGOAL 學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) Get familiar with accounting conceptual framework Can explain underlying assumptions, principles and constraints of accounting information.1-22實用會計英語 /

34、 Practical Accounting EnglishA. Fill in the blanks with proper currency names and symbols.MODULE 1 學(xué)以致用1-23實用會計英語 / Practical Accounting EnglishMODULE 1 學(xué)以致用1-24實用會計英語 / Practical Accounting EnglishMODULE 2 手不釋卷 The accounting conceptual framework normally includes four basic assumptions, four basic

35、 principles, four basic constraints and four qualitative characteristics of financial information. 1 Basic accounting assumptions (shown in Exhibit 1-10)Business entity assumption: the business functions as a legal or financial entity separate from its owners or any other business.Going concern assu

36、mption: business will operate for the foreseeable future without significantly curtailing its activity.Monetary unit assumption: all the amounts listed in the financial statement use one stable currency.Time period assumption: all the transactions reported did in fact occur within the time period as

37、 listed. 會計概念框架一般包括：四個基本假設(shè)、四個基本原則、四個基本約束和四個財務(wù)信息質(zhì)量特征。 1. 基本會計假設(shè)(見Exhibit1-10)會計主體假設(shè)：企業(yè)是在法律上或財務(wù)上獨立于其所有者或其他企業(yè)的主體。持續(xù)經(jīng)營假設(shè)：在不嚴(yán)重削減其活動的前提下，企業(yè)將在可預(yù)見的未來持續(xù)正常經(jīng)營。貨幣計量假設(shè)：財務(wù)報告中的數(shù)額使用一種穩(wěn)定的貨幣進(jìn)行計量。會計期間假設(shè)：分期核算期間內(nèi)的經(jīng)濟(jì)活動和報告經(jīng)營成果.A. Reading material1-25實用會計英語 / Practical Accounting EnglishMODULE 2 手不釋卷 2. Basic Accounting Pr

38、inciples (shown in Exhibit 1-11). 2 . 基 本 會 計 原 則 ( 見Exhibit1-11)1-26實用會計英語 / Practical Accounting EnglishMODULE 2 手不釋卷 Historical cost principle: assets are recorded at the amount of cash or cash equivalents paid or fair value of the consideration given for them. Two revenue recognition principles:

39、 accrual basis accounting and cash basis accounting.Under accrual basis accounting, revenues are recognized as soon as a product has been sold or a service has been performed, regardless of when the money is actually received.Under cash basis accounting, revenues are recognized when cashes are recei

40、ved. Matching principle: expenses in the financial statement must be matched with the revenue. The value of the expense is included in the financial statements when the work product is sold, not necessarily when the work or invoice is issued. Disclosure principle: the information pertinent to make a

41、 reasonable judgment on the company s finances must be included, as long as the costs to obtain the information is reasonable. 歷史成本原則：資產(chǎn)將記錄為(獲得該資產(chǎn))支付的或體現(xiàn)其公允價值的現(xiàn)金和現(xiàn)金等價物。 兩種收入確認(rèn)原則包括：權(quán)重發(fā)生制和現(xiàn)金制(收付實現(xiàn)制)。權(quán)重發(fā)生制下，只要產(chǎn)品一銷售或服務(wù)一提供就確認(rèn)收入，不管款項是否收到?，F(xiàn)金制下，收到現(xiàn)金才能確認(rèn)收入。 配比原則：是指企業(yè)進(jìn)行會計核算時,收入與取得該收入發(fā)生的成本、費用應(yīng)當(dāng)相互配比,以便計算特定業(yè)務(wù)或特定

42、期間的經(jīng)營成果。 公開披露原則：在滿足有效披露、成本效益、財務(wù)報告體系表內(nèi)優(yōu)生的原則下，財務(wù)報告體系的改革應(yīng)以完善體系、豐富披露內(nèi)容為目標(biāo)。1-27實用會計英語 / Practical Accounting EnglishMODULE 2 手不釋卷 3. Basic Accounting Constraints (shown in Exhibit 1-12) Objectivity principle: all the information included in the financial statements must be supported by independent, verif

43、iable evidence. Materiality principle: if information could influence users decisions, it is material or significant. The financial statements must include information that is significant to a reasonalble third party. Consistency principle: the company is required to use the same accounting methods

44、and principles each year and any variation must be reported in the financial statement notes. Prudence principle: the company is required to include of a degree of caution when making estimates under condition of uncertainty. It ensures that assets and income are not overstated and liabilities or ex

45、penses are not understated. 3.基本會計約束(見Exhibit1-12) 客觀性原則：所有財務(wù)報表中包含的信息來自獨立的、可驗證的證據(jù)。 重要性原則：重要或重大的信息是指能影響信息使用者決策的信息。財務(wù)報表中包含對理性的第三方有重要影響的信息 一致性原則：企業(yè)要使用相同的會計處理方法和原則，任何變動都要在財務(wù)報表的批注中列舉出來。 謹(jǐn)慎性原則：要求企業(yè)在會計核算工作中應(yīng)當(dāng)保持必要的謹(jǐn)慎，充分估計到各種風(fēng)險和損失，既不高估資產(chǎn)或收益，也不低估負(fù)債或費用。1-28實用會計英語 / Practical Accounting EnglishMODULE 2 手不釋卷 4.

46、Qualitative Characteristics of Financial Statements (shown in Exhibit 1-13) Relevence principle: assisting users in evaluating financial performance; being helpful in predicting future performance; being helpful in confirming past prediction. Reliability principle: faithfull representation; free fro

47、m material error; substance over form; neutrality; prudence; completeness. Comparability principle: being able to compare with other business; being able to compare with previous periods result. Understandarbility principle: enabling users to understand. 4 . 財 務(wù) 報 表 的 質(zhì) 量 特 征 ( 見Exhibit1-13) 相關(guān)性原則:(

48、財務(wù)報表中的信息)應(yīng)能輔助信息使用者評估財務(wù)業(yè)績；預(yù)測未來業(yè)績和確認(rèn)過去的預(yù)測。 可靠性原則:(財務(wù)報表中的信息)應(yīng)忠實地表述，沒有重大的錯誤，秉持實質(zhì)重于形式、中立、謹(jǐn)慎和完整的原則。 可比性原則：(財務(wù)報表中的信息)應(yīng)能和其他企業(yè)的信息可比，應(yīng)能和過去期間的信息可比。 明晰性原則：(財務(wù)報表中的信息)應(yīng)能使信息使用者理解。1-29實用會計英語 / Practical Accounting EnglishMODULE 2 手不釋卷 It is unlikely that all of the qualitative characteristics can be satisfied. Ther

49、e will be conflict between them. Sometimes the information that is most relevant is not the most reliable or vice versa. As the Exhibit 1-14 shows, an accountant must balance between relevance and reliability. In such conflict the information that is most relevant of the information that is reliable

50、 should be used. 要使財務(wù)報表中的信息符合所有的質(zhì)量特征是不太可能的。它們之間也存在矛盾。有時最相關(guān)的信息可能并不是最可靠的信息。在這種情況下要使用最相關(guān)的可靠的信息。1-30實用會計英語 / Practical Accounting EnglishB. Learn the new words and phrases in the passage and try to use them to make sentences.New Wordsassumption n. 假設(shè)principle n. 原則constraint n. 約束qualitative adj. 定性的,質(zhì)量

51、的characteristic adj. 特點，特性entity n. 實體, 獨立存在體monetary adj. 貨幣的periodicity adj.分期的recognition n. 確認(rèn)matching adj. 配比disclosure n. 公開, 披露Useful Expressions and Knowledge 1. accounting conceptual framework 會計概念框架 國際上通常簡稱為CF。包含會計目標(biāo)、會計基本假設(shè)、會計對象；會計要素及會計信息質(zhì)量特征；會計要素的確認(rèn)、計量、記錄與報告等內(nèi)容。 2. business entity assumpt

52、ion 會計主體假設(shè) Business entity assumption 如根據(jù)英文應(yīng)直譯為商業(yè)主體假設(shè)，但我國普遍叫做會計主體假設(shè)。 3. periodicity assumption 會計分期假設(shè) 會計期間分為Annual(年度)、Half-year(半年度)、season(季度)和monthly(月度)。各國的會計年度不同。典型的會計年度有：很多國家采用的Calendar year(日歷年)制(1月1日-12月31日)，這包括我國、德國、芬蘭等大部分國家；有些國家采用的4月1日至次年3月31日制，這包括英國、加拿大、印度和日本等國家；澳大利亞、瑞典等國采用7月1日至次年6月30日制；美

53、國、泰國等國采用10月1日至次年9月30日制等。 4. monetary unit assumption 貨幣計量假設(shè) 在我國，企業(yè)的會計核算以人民幣為記賬本位幣。業(yè)務(wù)收支以外幣計價的企業(yè)，也可以選定某種外幣作為記賬本位幣，但編制會計報表應(yīng)當(dāng)折算為人民幣。 5. accrual basis accounting 權(quán)責(zé)發(fā)生制 要求凡是但其已經(jīng)實現(xiàn)的收入和已經(jīng)發(fā)生或應(yīng)當(dāng)負(fù)擔(dān)的費用，不論款項是否收付，都應(yīng)當(dāng)作為當(dāng)期的收入和費用。我國企業(yè)在會計核算中實行權(quán)責(zé)發(fā)生制。 6. cash basis accounting 收付實現(xiàn)制 以收到或支付現(xiàn)金作為確認(rèn)收入和費用的依據(jù)。我國行政、事業(yè)單位(除經(jīng)營業(yè)務(wù)采

54、用權(quán)責(zé)發(fā)生制外)采用收付實現(xiàn)制。 7. full disclosure principle 充分披露原則1-31實用會計英語 / Practical Accounting EnglishC. Test your understanding 1. Fill in the blanks with the proper words and expressions given below, changing the form if necessary. 1) (會計主體/經(jīng)濟(jì)主體) assumption assumes that the business is separated from its o

55、wners or other businesses. 2) (持續(xù)經(jīng)營) assumption assumes that the business will be in operation indefinitely. 3) (會計分期) assumption assumes a stable currency is going to be the unit of record. 4) (貨幣計量) assumption assumes that the economic activities of an enterprise can be divided into artificial tim

56、e periods. 5) (客觀性) principle requires accounting entries in the accounting records and the data reported on the financial statements are based on objective evidence . 6) (重要性) requires principle that if information could influence users decisions, it is material or significant. 7) (一致性) principle r

57、equires the business employ the same accounting procedures during each period. By doing that, the information prepared could be able to compare from period to period. 8) (謹(jǐn)慎性) principle requires inclusion of a degree of caution when making estimates under condition of uncertainty. It ensures that as

58、sets and income are not overstated and liabilities or expenses are not understated.1-32實用會計英語 / Practical Accounting English2. Chose the correct answer 1) Which of the following assumptions is the basis upon which personal assets of the owner are excluded from the business balance sheet? ( )A. Going

59、 concern B. Accounting entity C. Objectivity D. Historical Cost 2) The term “matching” refers to the matching of: ( )A. Cash inflows and outflows B. Assets and liabilitiesC. Liabilities and owners equity D.Revenues and expenses 3) Which of the following forms of business organization are legal entit

60、ies separate from their owners under the law? ( )A. Sole proprietorships, partnerships and companiesB. Sole proprietorships and companiesC. Partnerships and sole proprietorshipsD. Companies 4) The measure used to account for assets is: ( )A. Resale value B. Market value C. Historical costD. Either H