住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-西南林業(yè)大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據實際調整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Thecompanymakesaperiodicalreviewofexpenditureeverymonth.

問題1選項

A.regular

B.immediate

C.prevalent

D.temporary

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項regular“定期的；有規(guī)律的；合格的；整齊的；普通的”；B選項immediate“立即的；直接的；最接近的”；C選項prevalent“流行的；普遍的，廣傳的”；D選項temporary“暫時的，臨時的”。句意：公司每月定期檢查支出情況。結合此處關鍵詞periodical“[數]周期的；定期的”，得知A選項正確。

2.單選題

Hemadea______speechthatcausedagreatdealofargument.

問題1選項

A.successful

B.provocative

C.touching

D.hostile

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項successful“成功的；一帆風順的”；B選項provocative“刺激的；挑撥的；煽動的”；C選項touching“動人的，令人同情的”；D選項hostile“敵對的；敵方的；懷敵意的”。句意：他做了一個……演講引起了一番爭論。根causedagreatdealofargument（引起大量的爭論）可推測B選項與其意思對應正確，因此選項B符合題意。

3.單選題

SpecialistMusicSchoolsHowtocopewithachildwhoshowsoutstandingmusicalability?It'snotalwaysclearhowbesttodevelopandencouragetheirgift.Manyparentsmayevenfailtorecognizeandrespondtotheirchild'sneeduntilfrustrationexplodesintodifficultoruncooperativebehavior.Andwhilemostschoolsareequippedtodealwithchildrenwhoareespeciallyableinacademicsubjects,themusicallygiftedrequirespecialunderstandingwhichmaynotalwaysbeavailableinanordinaryschoolespeciallyonewheremusicisregardedasasecondaryactivity.Suchchildren—aswellasthosewhoseabilityisactivelyencouragedbyparentsorteachers—maywellbenefitfromtheeducationofferedbyaspecialistmusicschool.

ThefivemusicschoolsinBritainarearelativelyrecentintroduction.Theyaimtoprovideasympatheticenvironmentinwhichgiftedchildrenagedbetweensevenandeighteencandeveloptheirskillstothefullundertheguidanceofprofessionalmusicians.

Childrenatspecialistmusicschoolsspendbetweenonethirdandonehalfofanaveragedayonmusicalactivities,forexample,individuallessons(uptothreehoursaweekonfirstandsecondinstruments),orchestras,chambergroups,voicetraining,conductingandtheory.Theyalsospendseveralhoursadaypracticinginproperlyequippedprivaterooms,sometimeswithateacher.Therestoftheirtimeistakenupwitharestrictedacademicprogram,whichtendstoconcentrateontheessentialsubjects—English,math,basicsciencesandlanguages—?althoughprovisioncanbemadeforstudentswhowishtostudyawiderrangeofsubjects.AllfiveBritishspecialistschoolsareindependent,classesaresmallbynormalschoolstandards,withahighteacher/pupilratio.Mostchildrenattendingspecialistschoolstendtobeboarders,leavinghometolive,eatandsleepfull-timeatschool.Thismeanstheyspendtheirformativeyearsinthecompanyofotherswithsimilaraimsandinterests.

Whatarethedisadvantages?Anobviousproblemisthecost,thefeesarehigh(￡12,000?￡17,000ayearforboarders).However,eachschoolwillmakeeveryeffortwithscholarshipsandotherformsoffinancialassistance,tohelpparentsofoutstandinglygiftedchildrentofindthenecessaryfees.Secondly,notallparentswanttosendtheirchildrentoboardingschool,speciallyataveryearlyage.Almostallthedirectorsofthespecialistschoolsexpressdoubtsaboutthewisdomofadmittingchildrenasyoungassevenintosuchanintenseanddisciplinedenvironment.Theystress,however,thattheirmainaimistoturnout‘roundedandwell-balancedindividuals’.

1.Ifachild'smusicalabilityisnotrecognized___.

2.Whatproblemmaymusicallygiftedchildrenfaceinordinaryschools?

3.Whatmakesspecialistmusicschoolsdifferentfromotherschools?

4.Whatdomostschooldirectorsseeasapossibledisadvantageforpupils?

5.Theunderlinedword‘sympathetic’inparagraphtwomeans___.

問題1選項

A.theabilitymayfadeaway

B.thechildmaymisbehave

C.theparentsmaybecomeanxious

D.thechildmayloseinterest

問題2選項

A.Musicisnotseenasanimportantsubject

B.Theiracademicworkmaysuffer

C.Schoolslackmusicalequipment

D.Parentsandteachersdonotworktogether

問題3選項

A.Thechildrenhavemostlyone-to-onelessons

B.Theirworkingdayislonger

C.Morethanhalfthedayisspentonmusic

D.Arangeofmusicaltrainingisoffered

問題4選項

A.Theymaynotbematureenoughonarrival

B.Poorchildrenmaybeexcluded

C.Theremaybeadisciplineproblem

D.Theymaylosetheirindividuality

問題5選項

A.pity-showing

B.appreciating

C.understandable

D.beneficial

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:1.細節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段中“Manyparentsmayevenfailtorecognizeandrespondtotheirchild'sneeduntilfrustrationexplodesintodifficultoruncooperativebehavior.”中文翻譯為：許多父母甚至沒有意識到并回應孩子的需求，直到挫折感爆發(fā)成困難或不合作的行為?？梢缘弥狟選項“孩子可能會行為不端”符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由題干關鍵詞“inordinaryschools”可以定位到原文第一段“Andwhilemostschoolsareequippedtodealwithchildrenwhoareespeciallyableinacademicsubjects,themusicallygiftedrequirespecialunderstandingwhichmaynotalwaysbeavailableinanordinaryschoolespeciallyonewheremusicisregardedasasecondaryactivity.”中文翻譯為：雖然大多數學校都有能力培養(yǎng)在學科方面特別有能力的孩子，但是音樂天才需要特殊的理解力，這在普通學校是不可能做到的，尤其是在音樂被視為次要活動的學校里。因此可知A選項“音樂不被視為一門重要的學科”為正確答案。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段“Childrenatspecialistmusicschoolsspendbetweenonethirdandonehalfofanaveragedayonmusicalactivities,forexample,individuallessons(uptothreehoursaweekonfirstandsecondinstruments),orchestras,chambergroups,voicetraining,conductingandtheory.”中文翻譯為：個人課程（每周最多三個小時學習第一和第二樂器）、管弦樂、室內樂團、聲音訓練、指揮和理論?？芍狢選項“半天以上的時間都花在了音樂上?！卞e誤，以及D選項“提供一系列的音樂培訓”符合題意。

4.細節(jié)事實題。由題干關鍵詞“schooldirectors”可以定位到文章最后一段“Almostallthedirectorsofthespecialistschoolsexpressdoubtsaboutthewisdomofadmittingchildrenasyoungassevenintosuchanintenseanddisciplinedenvironment.”中文翻譯為：幾乎所有專業(yè)學校的負責人都對讓7歲大的孩子進入如此緊張、紀律嚴明的環(huán)境的做法表示懷疑。故選A“他們可能在到達（學校）時還不夠成熟?！?/p>

5.詞匯題。根據題干關鍵詞“sympathetic”可以定位到根據文章第二段“Theyaimtoprovideasympatheticenvironmentinwhichgiftedchildrenagedbetweensevenandeighteencandeveloptheirskillstothefullundertheguidanceofprofessionalmusicians.”中文翻譯為：他們的目標是提供一個富有同情心的環(huán)境，讓7-18歲的超常兒童在專業(yè)音樂家的指導下充分發(fā)展他們的技能。sympathetic意為“富有同情心的”，判斷出答案為A項。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

4.單選題

Thechocolatecompanymaintainedstablesales______andincreasedprofitsby4.7%inthefiscalperiodendinginFebruary.

問題1選項

A.volumes

B.rows

C.dimensions

D.outputs

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項volumes“體積，容量”；B選項rows“一排，一行；一排座位；排屋，排房”；C選項dimensions“規(guī)模，大小”；D選項outputs“輸出”。句意：在2月份結賬期結束巧克力公司保持穩(wěn)定的銷售……，并增加了4.7%的利潤。salesvolumes為固定搭配，譯為銷售量，因此A選項正確。

5.單選題

Theprotectivecoveringoflobsters,nobodycoulddoubt,isanadaptationevolvedbyDarwinianselection.

問題1選項

A.adjustment

B.application

C.argument

D.assembly

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項adjustment“調整，調節(jié)；調節(jié)器”；B選項application“應用；申請；應用程序；敷用；（對事物、學習等）投入”；C選項argument“論證；論據；爭吵；內容提要；自變數；主詞，受詞”；D選項assembly“裝配；集會，集合；匯編，編譯”。句意：毫無疑問，龍蝦身上的保護層是由達爾文選擇進化而來的一種適應。結合此處關鍵詞adaptation“適應”，得知A為正確答案。

6.單選題

Theexaminationquestiontotallyperplexedher.

問題1選項

A.fascinated

B.confused

C.enlightened

D.saddened

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項fascinated“著迷的；被深深吸引的”；B選項confused“困惑的；混亂的；糊涂的”；C選項enlightened“開明的；文明的；有知識的；覺悟的”；D選項saddened“難過的；悲傷的”。句意：考題把她完全難住了。結合此處關鍵詞question（問題），得知B選項正確。

7.單選題

Whoeversaidthatvictoryhasmanyfathersanddefeatisanorphan,surelyhadneverheardoftheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO).Inthecaseofthehaplessmultilateraltradebodyanditslongsufferingrepresentatives,thetotalfailureoftheopeningmeetingoftheso-calledMillenniumtraderoundhaslotsofpeopleboastingoftheirrolesintheviolentphysicalstruggle.Well.That'sjustbrilliant.Theyareproudofbeingpartofamovementthatwantstowreckthemostimportantengineofeconomicgrowth,prosperityandoverallglobalrisinglivingstandardswehave—thefreedomoftradeandmovementofpeopleandgoodsbetweennations.

The135-membersWTOiscomposedofsovereignofsovereigngovernmentswishingtofurtherthisgoalandeasethesettlementofinternationaltradedisputes.FromthesoundsemanatingfromSeattle,though,itwouldnowseemtheWTOhasnowreplacedtheTrilateralCommissionandtheFreemasonsascandidateNo.1totakeovertheworld.

EverybodyhashisfavoriteSeattlestory.Thecity’spolicechiefwillhaveplentyoftimetothinkabouthis,havingnowresignedindisgraceoverthelossofcontrolofdowntownSeattle.TheSeattlebusinesscommunitymaybemoreinclinedtobroodovertheirs;thepoorfoolsinvested＄9milliontoattractthemeetingtotheirfinecity.Whatstandsoutmore?Iwouldnominatetheunionofsteelworkerswhoweremarchinginprotest.It’sanimagethatwillbogglethemindforyearstocome.

Thedebatenowisoverjusthoweffectivethisanti-globalistcoalitionwillturnouttobe.Intheheatofthemoment,italwayslooksasthoughtheworldasweknowitiscomingtoanenD.Buttheoverwhelminglikelihoodisthatwehavenotactuallyseenarelayoftheanti-VietnamWarmovement,whichhadmuchclearerfocus,obviously,thoughitsconsequenceswerefar-reaching.Howlong,afterall,canyouprotestagainstcheapimportswhenthosesameimportsarealloveryouhouse?

No,therealreasonforthedisasterinSeattleispolitical,andreportscomingoutofthemeetingpointtoPresidentClintonasamajorculprit.WhichmaybebothgoodandbaD.Takingthelongview,othertraderoundshavehaddifficultbeginnings,too.IttookyearstogettheUruguayRoundunderway,whichfinallyhappenedin1986.Thankfully,wewillsoonbeelectinganotherpresident,anditshouldbesomeonewhoseactionsmatchhisrhetoric.

Still,itisadisgracethattheworld'sgreatesttradingnation,i.e.theUnitedStates,iscurrentlyledbyamanwhosemotivationsaresonarrowlypoliticalandegocentricthathehasnowwreckedanychanceofenteringthehistorybooksasachampionoffreetrade.

1.Accordingtothepassage,thefailureoftheSeattlemeetingischieflycausedby_______.

2.Wecanlearnfromthebeginningofthepassagethat______.

3.OneoftheWTO'sgoalsasmentionedinthepassageisto_______.

4.Bysayingthat“It’sanimagethatwillbogglethemindforyearstocome.”(thelastsentenceinParagraph3)theauthormeansthat______.

5.TheauthorisobviouslycriticalofPresidentClintonfor______.

問題1選項

A.anti-globalistandpro-globalistconflicts

B.PresidentClinton’swronginitiatives

C.thestrongprotestsfromdiversegroups

D.thepolice'sfailuretomaintainorder

問題2選項

A.differentforcescontributedtothefailureoftheMillenniumtraderound

B.manypeoplebraggedoftheirpresenceattheMillenniumtraderound

C.thereexistedarangeofviolentdebatedastotheprospectsoftheWTO

D.onlyafewmemberswereproudoftheirmembershipoftheWTO

問題3選項

A.serveasarbitersininternationaltradedisputes

B.ensurecheapexportandimportofgoodsunnecessarily

C.bringabouttheglobalizationofworld'strades

D.encouragefreetradeandgoodsexchangesworldwide

問題4選項

A.theWTOislikelytohaveanegativeimageinpeople'smindinthefuture

B.theWTOwillhavetroublechangingpeople'swayofthinkinginthefuture

C.thestartlingscenewillprobablylingerinpeople'smindtheyearstocome

D.peoplewilllosewhateverconfidencetheyholdinthefutureoftheWTO

問題5選項

A.hisfailingtomatchhiswordswithhisactions

B.hishandlingthematterinawrongperspective

C.hislackinghistoricalknowledgeabouttheWTO

D.hisoveremphasizingtheeconomicroleoftheWTO

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由題干關鍵詞“Seattlemeeting”可以定位到文章第五段中“No,therealreasonforthedisasterinSeattleispolitical,andreportscomingoutofthemeetingpointtoPresidentClintonasamajorculprit.”中文翻譯為：不，西雅圖災難的真正原因是政治，會議的報告指出，總統(tǒng)克林頓是主要的罪魁禍首?？梢缘弥狟選項“克林頓總統(tǒng)的錯誤舉措”正確。

2.主旨大意題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段，中文翻譯為：誰說勝利有許多父親，失敗是一個孤兒，肯定沒有聽說過世界貿易組織(WTO)。以不幸的多邊貿易組織及其長期受苦受難的代表們?yōu)槔?，所謂的千年貿易回合(Millenniumtraderound)開幕式的徹底失敗，讓很多人吹噓自己在這場激烈的斗爭中扮演的角色。好，這就是燦爛的。他們?yōu)樽约菏且粓鲞\動的一部分而感到自豪，這場運動希望摧毀我們所擁有的經濟增長、繁榮和全球整體生活水平不斷提高的最重要引擎——貿易自由以及國與國之間人員和貨物流動。A選項“不同的力量促成了千年貿易談判的失敗”符合題意。B選項“許多人吹噓他們出席了千年貿易談判”不符合題意，故排除。C選項“關于世貿組織的前景存在著一系列激烈的爭論”不符合題意，故排除。D選項“只有幾個成員國為他們是世貿組織的成員而感到自豪”不符合題意，文中很多人吹噓自己在這場激烈的斗爭中扮演的角色，故排除。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段“Theyareproudofbeingpartofamovementthatwantstowreckthemostimportantengineofeconomicgrowth,prosperityandoverallglobalrisinglivingstandardswehave—thefreedomoftradeandmovementofpeopleandgoodsbetweennations.”中文翻譯為：他們?yōu)樽约菏且粓鲞\動的一部分而感到自豪，這場運動希望摧毀我們所擁有的經濟增長、繁榮和全球整體生活水平不斷提高的最重要引擎——貿易自由以及國與國之間人員和貨物流動。D選項“鼓勵世界范圍內的自由貿易和商品交流”符合題意，故選D。A選項“在國際貿易爭端中擔任仲裁者”不符合題意，故排除。B選項“確保不必要的廉價進出口”不符合題意，故排除。C選項“帶來世界貿易的全球化”不符合題意，故排除。

4.作者意圖題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段最后一句“It’sanimagethatwillbogglethemindforyearstocome.”中文翻譯：這是一個在未來幾年里會讓人難以置信的畫面。A選項“WTO在未來很可能在人們的腦海中有一個負面的形象”與題干句子意思相符，因此A選項正確。

5.細節(jié)事實題。通讀題干定位到文章第五段最后一句“Thankfully,wewillsoonbeelectinganotherpresident,anditshouldbesomeonewhoseactionsmatchhisrhetoric.”中文大意：值得慶幸的是，我們很快將選出另一位總統(tǒng)，而這位總統(tǒng)應該是言行一致的人。根據前文“No,therealreasonforthedisasterinSeattleispolitical,andreportscomingoutofthemeetingpointtoPresidentClintonasamajorculprit.”中文大意：不，西雅圖災難的真正原因是政治，會議的報告指出，總統(tǒng)克林頓是主要的罪魁禍首。前文批判克林頓為“罪魁禍首”，后文筆者說值得慶幸的是將選出另外一位言行一致的總統(tǒng)。A選項“他言行不一致”最符合題意，因此選A。

8.單選題

Sincethe1950s,conservationefforts—includingstricterhuntingrulesandmeasuresliketrappingthebirdsandthenreleasingthemintohealthyforests—helpedrestorewildturkeypopulations.

問題1選項

A.protection

B.conspiracy

C.compensation

D.destruction

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項protection“保護；防衛(wèi)；護照”；B選項conspiracy“陰謀；共謀”；C選項compensation“補償；報酬；賠償金”；D選項destruction“破壞，毀滅；摧毀”。句意：自20世紀50年代以來，保護措施——包括更嚴格的狩獵規(guī)則和誘捕火雞然后將它們放歸健康的森林等措施——幫助了野生火雞數量的恢復。結合此處關鍵短語helpedrestorewildturkeypopulations（幫助恢復了野生火雞的數量），可排除B、D選項，C選項不符合題意，也可排除，得知A選項正確。

9.單選題

Tony'smotherlovesPekingoperaandwheneverthereisanewplay,sheasksTonytobuyticketsforher.

問題1選項

A.adorns

B.adapts

C.adopts

D.adores

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項adorns“裝飾；使生色”；B選項adapts“適合的；使適應，改編”；C選項adopts“收養(yǎng)”；D選項adores“崇拜；喜愛；極喜歡”。句意：托尼的媽媽喜歡京劇，每當有新戲上演，她就讓托尼給她買票。結合句意，A，B，C選項都可排除，得知D選項正確。

10.單選題

Inresponsetothesignals,therobotarmsmakescribblesonwhitecanvaswiththreecoloredmarkersattachedtotheendofthearms.

問題1選項

A.images

B.scripts

C.scratches

D.characters

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項images“圖像；影像；肖像”；B選項scripts“原稿”；C選項scratches“刮傷；刮花”；D選項characters“特性；人物角色”。句意：作為對信號的回應，機器人手臂會在白色畫布上涂鴉，手臂末端有三個彩色標記。結合此處關鍵詞markers“記號”，得知B選項正確。

11.單選題

Weoften______ourenergiesintrivialoccupations.

問題1選項

A.dissipated

B.indulged

C.unscrambled

D.took

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項dissipated“消散；浪費”；B選項indulged“沉溺；滿足；放任”；C選項unscrambled“使……還原；譯出；理順，理清”；D選項took“拿；取；接受”。句意：我們經?！覀兊木υ诂嵥榈墓ぷ魃?。根據單詞trivialoccupations（瑣碎的工作），可推測我們經常會浪費我們的精力在一些瑣碎的工作上，結合此處語境，選項A為正確答案。

12.單選題

Therearemanywhobelievethattheuseofforce___politicalendscanneverbejustified.

問題1選項

A.insearchof

B.inpursuitof

C.inviewof

D.inlightof

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項insearchof“尋找”；B選項inpursuitof“追求”；C選項inviewof“鑒于，由于”；D選項inlightof“根據”。句意：有許多人認為，為追求政治目的而使用武力永遠是不正當的。根據句意可知B選項正確。

13.單選題

Acenturyago,Freudformulatedhisrevolutionarytheorythatdreamswerethe______shadowsofourunconsciousdesiresandfears.

問題1選項

A.disclosed

B.created

C.disguised

D.distinguished

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項disclosed“揭露的”；B選項created“創(chuàng)造的”；C選項disguised“偽裝的”；D選項distinguished“辨別的”。句意：一個世紀前，弗洛伊德闡述了革命性的理論，即夢是人們潛意識中欲望和恐懼……后的預示。A選項disclosed（揭露的）不符合題意，可排除。B選項created（創(chuàng)造的）不符合題意，可排除。C選項正確。

14.單選題

Athometheirlossestofarmingandindustryhadtobemadegood,asfaraspossible,withmoreforeignworkersandprisoners-of-war.

問題1選項

A.compensated

B.constructedwell

C.managedproperly

D.terminated

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項compensate“補償”；B選項constructwell“構造得很好”；C選項manageproperly“妥善處理”；D選項terminate“使終止；使結束；解雇”。句意：在國內，他們在農業(yè)和工業(yè)上的損失必須盡可能用更多的外國工人和戰(zhàn)俘來彌補。結合此處關鍵詞madegood“補償”，得知A為正確答案。

15.單選題

Thesultryweatherinthetropicsencouragesalifeof______.

問題1選項

A.leisure

B.comfort

C.industry

D.indolence

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項leisure“空閑”；B選項comfort“安慰，舒適”；C選項industry“產業(yè)，工業(yè)”；D選項indolence“懶散，懶惰”。句意：天氣悶熱的熱帶地區(qū)鼓勵……生活。根據句意，可以推測天氣悶熱，會鼓勵一種懶散生活。因此D選項正確。

16.單選題

In1517aGermanmonk,MartinLuther,challengedcertainCatholicteachingsandrenouncedhisobediencetothepapacy.

問題1選項

A.announced

B.followed

C.denied

D.proclaimed

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項announced“宣布；宣稱”；B選項followed“跟著；聽從；繼承”；C選項denied“拒絕；拒簽”；D選項proclaimed“正式宣布”。句意：1517年，一位德國修道士馬丁?路德挑戰(zhàn)了某些天主教教義，宣布放棄對教皇的服從。結合此處關鍵詞challenged“挑戰(zhàn)”，可排除選項B，C選項不符合題意，也可排除。A選項雖有“宣布”的意思，但不夠正式，根據句意，推測馬丁?路德的宣布內容應更為正式，得知D選項正確。

17.單選題

TruthabouttheEnvironmentFormanyenvironmentalists,theworldseemstobegettingworse.Theyhavedevelopedahit-listofourmainfears:thatnaturalresourcesarerunningout,thatthepopulationisevergrowing,leavinglessandlesstoeat;thatspeciesarebecomingextinctinvastnumbers,andthattheplanet'sairandwaterarebecomingevermorepolluted.

Butaquicklookatthefactsshowsadifferentpicture.First,energyandothernaturalresourceshavebecomemoreabundant,notlessso,sincethebookTheLimitstoGrowthwaspublishedin1972byagroupofscientists.Second,morefoodisnowproducedperheadoftheworld'spopulationthanatanytimeinhistory.Fewerpeoplearestarving.Third,althoughspeciesareindeedbecomingextinct,onlyabout0.7%ofthemareexpectedtodisappearinthenext50years,not25%-50%,ashassooftenbeenpredicteD.Andfinally,mostformsofenvironmentalpollutioneitherappeartohavebeenexaggerated,oraretransient—associatedwiththeearlyphasesofindustrializationandthereforebestcurednotbyrestrictingeconomicgrowth,butbyacceleratingit.Oneformofpollution—thereleaseofgreenhousegasesthatcausesglobalwarming—doesappeartobeaphenomenonthatisgoingtoextendwellintoourfuture,butitstotalimpactisunlikelytoposeadevastatingproblem.Abiggerproblemmaywellturnouttobeaninappropriateresponsetoit.

Yetopinionpollssuggestthatmanypeoplenurturethebeliefthatenvironmentalstandardsaredecliningandthreefactorsseemtocausethisdisjunctionbetweenperceptionandreality.

Oneisthelopsidednessbuiltintoscientificresearch.Scientificfundinggoesmainlytoareaswithmanyproblems.Thatmaybeawisepolicy,butitwillalsocreateanimpressionthatmanymorepotentialproblemsexistthanisthecase.

Secondly,environmentalgroupsneedtobenoticedbythemassmediA.Theyalsoneedtokeepthemoneyrollingin.Understandably,perhaps,theysometimesoverstatetheirarguments.In1997,forexample,theWorldWideFundforNatureissuedapressreleaseentitled:"Twothirdsoftheworld'sforestslostforever".Thetruthturnsouttobenearer20%.

Thethirdfactorispoorindividualperception.Peopleworrythattheendlessriseintheamountofstuffeveryonethrowsawaywillcausetheworldtorunoutofplacestodisposeofwaste.Yet,evenifAmerica'strashoutputcontinuestoriseasithasdoneinthepast,andeveniftheAmericanpopulationdoublesby2100,alltherubbishAmericaproducesthroughtheentire21stcenturywillstilltakeuponlyone-12,000thoftheareaoftheentireUnitedStates.

1.Thefirstparagraphintendstoshowthat___.

2.Thefactsandfiguresprovidedinparagraphtwosuggestthat___.

3.Inparagraphfour,thewriterexpresseshisconcernsabout___.

4.ThewriterquotesfromtheWorldWideFundforNaturetoillustratehow___.

5.Whatisthewriter'sviewofAmerica'swasteproblem?

問題1選項

A.theenvironmentisgettingworseandworse

B.theenvironmentproblemsinvolvemanyaspects

C.thewriterdoesnotagreewiththestatements

D.thewriterdrawsapictureofenvironmentproblems

問題2選項

A.thereisamismatchbetweenourunderstandingandreality

B.thebookTheLimitstoGrowthisvaluable

C.thereisaneedtoconductasurveyandcorrectthefigures

D.economicgrowthcanhelpalleviateenvironmentproblems

問題3選項

A.theneedtoproduceresults

B.thelackoffinancialsupport

C.theproblemofscientificresearch

D.thedesiretosolveallproblems

問題4選項

A.influentialthemassmediacanbe

B.effectiveenvironmentalmovementscanbe

C.themassmediacanhelpenvironmentalgroupsraisefunds

D.environmentalactivistscanexaggeratetheirclaims

問題5選項

A.ItwillgetworseasAmerica'spopulationincreases

B.Itisnotasseriousashasbeenassumedtobe

C.Itiscausedbypoorpeople'sconception

D.ItisignoredbecauseUSAislargeinsize

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到原文第一段“Theyhavedevelopedahit-listofourmainfears:thatnaturalresourcesarerunningout,thatthepopulationisevergrowing,leavinglessandlesstoeat;thatspeciesarebecomingextinctinvastnumbers,andthattheplanet'sairandwaterarebecomingevermorepolluted.”中文翻譯為：他們列出了我們主要擔心的一系列問題：自然資源正在枯竭，人口不斷增長，留下越來越少的食物；物種正在大量地滅絕，地球的空氣和水正變得越來越污染。因此答案為B選項：環(huán)境問題涉及很多方面。

2.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段中“Andfinally,mostformsofenvironmentalpollutioneitherappeartohavebeenexaggerated,oraretransient—associatedwiththeearlyphasesofindustrializationandthereforebestcurednotbyrestrictingeconomicgrowth,butbyacceleratingit.”中文翻譯為：最后，大多數形式的環(huán)境污染要么是被夸大了，要么是暫時的——與工業(yè)化的早期階段有關，因此最好的解決辦法不是限制經濟增長，而是加速經濟增長?？芍狣項“經濟增長有助于緩解環(huán)境問題”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第四段“Oneisthelopsidednessbuiltintoscientificresearch.Scientificfundinggoesmainlytoareaswithmanyproblems.Thatmaybeawisepolicy,butitwillalsocreateanimpressionthatmanymorepotentialproblemsexistthanisthecase.”中文翻譯為：一是科學研究固有的不平衡。科學基金主要用于有很多問題的領域。這或許是一項明智的政策，但它也會給人留下這樣一種印象，即存在的潛在問題要比實際情況多得多。因此，C選項“科學研究問題”最符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。根據題干定位到原文第五段“Secondly,environmentalgroupsneedtobenoticedbythemassmedia.Theyalsoneedtokeepthemoneyrollingin.Understandably,perhaps,theysometimesoverstatetheirarguments.In1997,forexample,theWorldWideFundforNatureissuedapressreleaseentitled:"Twothirdsoftheworld'sforestslostforever".Thetruthturnsouttobenearer20%.”，中文翻譯為：其次，環(huán)保組織需要被大眾媒體關注。他們還需要讓資金源源不斷地流入?；蛟S可以理解，他們有時會夸大自己的論點。例如，1997年，世界自然基金會發(fā)表了一份題為“世界森林的三分之二永遠消失”的新聞稿。事實是接近20%。

故D選項“環(huán)保人士可能會夸大他們的說法”最符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。根據題干可以定位到尾段“Thethirdfactorispoorindividualperception.Peopleworrythattheendlessriseintheamountofstuffeveryonethrowsawaywillcausetheworldtorunoutofplacestodisposeofwaste.Yet,evenifAmerica'strashoutputcontinuestoriseasithasdoneinthepast,andeveniftheAmericanpopulationdoublesby2100,alltherubbishAmericaproducesthroughtheentire21stcenturywillstilltakeuponlyone-12,000thoftheareaoftheentireUnitedStates.”中文翻譯為：第三個因素是個體知覺差。人們擔心，每個人都扔掉的東西的數量無止境的增加，將導致世界耗盡處理垃圾的地方。然而，即使美國的垃圾產量像過去一樣繼續(xù)增長，即使美國人口到2100年翻一番，美國在整個21世紀所產生的垃圾仍只占美國國土面積的1/12000?？梢缘弥狟項“它不像人們認為的那樣嚴重”最符合。

18.單選題

Thevolcanogavewarningthatitwouldsoonpop:smallearthquakesshudderedbeneathitssurfaceonSeptember23.

問題1選項

A.sank

B.sent

C.erupted

D.shook

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項sank“沉陷”；B選項sent“送，寄出”；C選項erupted“爆發(fā)；長出”；D選項shook“搖動”。句意：火山發(fā)出警告說它很快就會爆發(fā)：9月23日，它的地表下發(fā)生了小地震。結合此處關鍵詞earthquakes（地震）可排除B、C選項，A選項sank（沉陷）也與地震不匹配，因此得知D選項正確。

19.單選題

TheHauntedAmericaCountriesarelikelittlehomes;theyhouseanation,holdideologiesandprovidesshelterandcomforttoitspeopleinhopesthattheoccupantswillnurturebetterideasforthemselvesandfurtherflourishhumanity.Suchareprimarydesiresandgoalsofmostcountriesonthissmallplanet.

Americaisnoexception.Fordecades,billionsofpeoplearoundtheworldsleptatnightonemptystomachsamidstdreadfulcircumstances,oftendreamingofthefreedomsandlibertiesofAmerica,whichtheylikenedtoagreatland,aparadiseandafinaldestinationpoint.

ThebestandbrightestoftheworldgravitatedtothegreatUSAinsearchofgoldenopportunities;inhordestheycame,andenmassetheysettleD.Americabecamethenationwhichacknowledgedgreatnessandprovidedthedrivingforcetoallowthedreamsofsmall,ordinarypeopletotakeformandflourish.Freefromrestrictions,allowinggrandexpressionswithextraordinaryliberties,thatnoothernationinthehistoryofmankindhasbeenabletomatchatsuchagrandscale.

Butcurrently,itseemsthatthishomeoftheAmericannationhasstartedtoresemblethatoldmansion,elegantlypristine（質樸的）butknowntobehaunted,sittingattheendofthatdead-endstreetwhereghosts,mysteriousapparitions（幽靈）andunexplainablesignshaveemergeD.Thisplanet,likeanoldstreet,isalreadyfullofsuchhauntedhouses,whichattimesseemabandoned,lifelessandunabletogiveorreceiveneighborlywarmth;factorssocriticalforanycountryontheglobalscene.

CanthisbadlydamagedimageofAmericabefixedtodayandbywhomandatwhatcost?Whatmustitinclude—anewcostume,anewmaskoranewheart?Theseareveryimportantunderlyingquestions,butthebiggestquestionremains—cananentirecountrybebrandedtotherestoftheworldinthesamefashionasabreakfastcerealorlaundrydetergent?

Theanswerisaflatno.Onlythebranding-circuswouldcomeupwithsuchafake,superficial,logo-centric-slogan-happyattempttorebuildanationpaintedwithbannersandbillboards.Inreality,countriescannotbebrandedinsuchasimpleprocessfromthepast,becausenationsarealreadybrandedoverdecadesandcenturiesbytheirhistoriesandculturalinteractionsandexportableidentities.

1.Americausedtobethoughtofas___.

2.Americaisnowlikenedto___.

3.Thewritersuggeststhat___.

4.Accordingtothepassagethat___isNOTtrue.

5.Themainrhetoricaldeviceofthispassageis___.

問題1選項

A.aparadisewithoutautocraticruling

B.aplaceofperfecthappiness

C.alandofmarvelouschances

D.alloftheabove

問題2選項

A.anelegantandplainhouse

B.anolddead-endstreet

C.anoldhauntedmansion

D.anabandonedandlifelessplanet

問題3選項

A.costumeandhearthavethesamefunction

B.laundrydetergentsharesthefashionofthecountry'sbrand

C.historyestablishesabrandforitscountry

D.logoandsloganplayakeyroleinshapingacountry

問題4選項

A.acountryshoulddevelopbetterpolitically

B.depressedpeopleintheworldyearnedforAmerica

C.therearemanyhauntedhousesinAmerica

D.Americacannotbeidentifiedwithitstradition

問題5選項

A.simileandmetaphor

B.parallelism

C.echo-question

D.description

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到原文第二段“Fordecades,billionsofpeoplearoundtheworldsleptatnightonemptystomachsamidstdreadfulcircumstances,oftendreamingofthefreedomsandlibertiesofAmerica,which