Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)單元要點(diǎn)預(yù)覽（旨在讓同學(xué)整體了解本單元要點(diǎn)）詞匯部分詞語(yǔ)辨析1.loudly/loud/aloud2.unlike/dislike3.remain/leave4.climate/weather5.nowthat/since/because/as詞形變化1.violentadj.強(qiáng)暴的，猛烈的violencen.暴力，強(qiáng)暴；猛烈violentlyadv.強(qiáng)暴地；猛烈地2.fundamentaladj.基本(礎(chǔ).的n.[pl.]基本原則(法則.fundamentallyadv.基本地；根本地fundamentn.基礎(chǔ)；根本3.developmentn.生長(zhǎng)，發(fā)展；新情況developvt.發(fā)展；產(chǎn)生vi.生長(zhǎng)；發(fā)展developedadj.發(fā)達(dá)的developingadj.發(fā)展的4.layvt.放下；擺設(shè)；產(chǎn)(蛋.lay---laid---laid---layinglievi.躺，平放；位于lie---lay---lain---lyinglien.&vi.謊話(huà)；說(shuō)謊lie---lied---lied---lying5.preventvt.預(yù)防，防止preventionn.預(yù)防；阻止；妨礙preventableadj.可防止的，可預(yù)防的6.gentleadj.和藹的；輕柔的gentlyadv.溫和地；靜靜地7.physicsn.物理，物理學(xué)physicistn.物理學(xué)家physicaladj.身體的；物理(學(xué).的；物質(zhì)的重點(diǎn)單詞1.systemn.[c]系統(tǒng)；體系；制度；方法2.layvt.(laid,laid,laying.把……放下；擺設(shè)；鋪(地毯.；產(chǎn)(蛋.3.harmfuladj.有害的；傷害的4.existvi.存在；生存5.puzzlev.使.迷惑；使.苦思n.謎；難題6.pullv.拉，拖，拔；移動(dòng)n.拉，拖；拉(引力)7.cheervt.&vi.使.高興、振奮；對(duì).歡呼重點(diǎn)詞組1.tobeginwith以……開(kāi)始；由……作為開(kāi)頭；首先2.intime及時(shí)；最終；遲早3.inone’sturn輪到某人；接著4.prevent...from使……不做事；阻止……做某事5.blockout擋?。ü饩€）6.beoff=setoff出發(fā)；動(dòng)身；不用上班/學(xué)/開(kāi)張7.breakout(災(zāi)難、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)等)突發(fā)；爆發(fā)8.watchout密切注視；當(dāng)心；提防重點(diǎn)句子1.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock,whichwereintimetoproducethewatervapour,carbondioxide,oxygen,nitrogenandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.2.Thatmadeitpossibleforlifetobegintodevelop.3.ButwhenItriedtostepforwardIfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法賓語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句（見(jiàn)語(yǔ)法部分）語(yǔ)言要點(diǎn)（模塊）Ⅰ.詞語(yǔ)辨析(旨在提供完形填空所需材料).1.loudly/loud/aloud【解釋】loudlyadv響亮地，高聲地loudadj/adv與sing,speak,talk連用aloudadv相對(duì)默讀而言；出聲【練習(xí)】根據(jù)句子的意思在括號(hào)里填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~。1..Willyoupleasespeak______?2..ItisgoodforyoutoreadEnglish______everymorning.3..Thebombexploded______.4..Ishervoice______enough?5..Actionspeaks______thanwords(事實(shí)勝于雄辯..Keys:1..louder2..aloud3..loudly4..loud5..louder2.unlike/dislike【解釋】unlikeprep.不像，和……不同adj.[作表語(yǔ)]不相似；不同dislikevt./n.不喜愛(ài)，厭惡【練習(xí)】根據(jù)句子的意思在括號(hào)里填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~。1..Agoodhotelmanagershouldknowhisregularguests’likesand______.2..Herlatestnovelisquite______herearlierwork.3..Ifyougoonlikethatyou’llgetyourself_______(like..4..Iwasveryinterestedinthelecture,______manyofthestudents.Keys:1..dislikes2..unlike3..disliked4..unlike3.remain/leave【解釋】remainvi.仍然是；留下；剩下常用句型：remain+n.仍然是remain+adj./adv./prep.仍然是remain+v-ed/v-ing仍然是remaintobedone有待去做，依然要做leavevt.剩下，忽略或未拿或未帶（某物），使或讓?zhuān)橙恕⑹挛铮┨幠碃顟B(tài)﹑某地等常用句型：leavesb.sth./leavesth.tosb.給某人留下某物leavesth(forsb.)留下，交待下(某物).leavesthtosb將某物遺贈(zèng)給某人remaining/left兩者都可以作形容詞，表示“剩下的”，前者用于被修飾的名詞之前，后者用于被修飾的名詞之后?！揪毩?xí)】根據(jù)句子的意思在括號(hào)里填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~。1..Someone______youthisnotewhileyouwereout.2..Aftertheearthquake,little______ofthevillage.3..Heusedthe______moneytobuyadictionary.4..Afterbuyingthedictionary,hehadnotmuchmoney______.5..Arrivinghome,IfoundthatI’d______mykeyintheoffice.6..Don’tleaveher______(wait).outsideintherain.7..Sheremained_______(change).afteralltheseyears.8..Agreatmanythingsremain_______(do)..Keys:1..left2..remained3..remaining4..left5..left6..waiting7..unchanged8..tobedone4.climate/weather【解釋】climate指從長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的范圍來(lái)看某地的平均氣候或經(jīng)常性的氣候；weather指某地一時(shí)的天氣，如寒暖、晴雨和干濕的變化情況?！揪毩?xí)】根據(jù)句子的意思在括號(hào)里填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~。1..Weshallgooutforapicnictomorrowifthe_______isfine.2..Adrier_______wouldbegoodforyourhealth.3..Icouldn’timaginewhatitwouldbeliketoliveinahot________.4..The_______ofourcountryismild,butindividualplacesexperiencebad________.Keys:1..weather2..climate3..climate4..climate;weather5.nowthat/since/because/as【解釋】都可引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)的是because，引導(dǎo)直接而明確的原因，也用來(lái)回答why的問(wèn)句或用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型；其次是since/nowthat，表示已知或明顯的原因，再次是as，引導(dǎo)的原因是不言而喻、顯而易見(jiàn)的；for引導(dǎo)的是并列分句，表推測(cè)或判斷的原因，前面有逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)?！揪毩?xí)】根據(jù)句子的意思在括號(hào)里填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~。1.._______everybodyishere,let’sbeginourmeeting.2.Itwas_______hewasillthathedidn’tgotoschool.3..Itmusthaverainedlastnight,_______thegroundisallwet.4.._______wearealone,wecanspeakfreely.Keys:1..since/nowthat2..because3..for4..Now(that.Ⅱ.詞性變化（旨在提供語(yǔ)法填空所需材料）1.violentadj.強(qiáng)暴的，猛烈的violencen.暴力，強(qiáng)暴；猛烈violentlyadv.強(qiáng)暴地；猛烈地2.fundamentaladj.基本(礎(chǔ).的n.[pl.]基本原則(法則.fundamentallyadv.基本地；根本地fundamentn.基礎(chǔ)；根本3.developmentn.生長(zhǎng)，發(fā)展；新情況developvt.發(fā)展；產(chǎn)生vi.生長(zhǎng)；發(fā)展developedadj.發(fā)達(dá)的developingadj.發(fā)展的4.layvt.放下；擺設(shè)；產(chǎn)(蛋.lay---laid---laid---layinglievi.躺，平放；位于lie---lay---lain---lyinglien.&vi.謊話(huà)；說(shuō)謊lie---lied---lied---lying5.preventvt.預(yù)防，防止preventionn.預(yù)防；阻止；妨礙preventableadj.可防止的，可預(yù)防的6.gentleadj.和藹的；輕柔的gentlyadv.溫和地；靜靜地7.physicsn.物理，物理學(xué)physicistn.物理學(xué)家physicaladj.身體的；物理(學(xué).的；物質(zhì)的【練習(xí)】用括號(hào)內(nèi)所提供詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1..Thenaughtyboy_______(lie.)tomethatthehenthat_______(lie.)therejustnowhad______(lay.)twoeggsthedaybefore.2..Inmyopinion,________(prevent.)ismoreimportantthantreatment.3..SomeprogramsontheInternetarefullof________(violent.)andsex.4..Withthe________(develop.)ofmodernindustry,moreandmorepollutioniscaused.5..Chinaisa________(develop).countrybelongtothethirdworld.6..Thereare________(fundament.)differencesbetweenyourreligiousbeliefsandmine.7..Hisambitionistobecomeagreat________(physics.).Keys:1..lied;lay;laid 2..prevention 3..violence4..development5..developing6..fundamental7..physicistⅢ.重點(diǎn)詞匯（旨在提供詞匯綜合運(yùn)用材料）1.systemn.[c]系統(tǒng)；體系；制度；方法systematicadj有系統(tǒng)的;有條理的[典例]1..Thesolarsystemincludesthesunanditseightplanets.太陽(yáng)系包括太陽(yáng)和它的八顆行星。2..Alcoholisbadforyoursystem.喝酒對(duì)身體有害。[練習(xí)]根據(jù)句子的意思完成句子。1..The____________(教育系統(tǒng)).operatesverydifferentlyintheUSandChina.2..Heintroducedusawell-designed____________(鐵路系統(tǒng)..)Keys:1..educationalsystem 2..railwaysystem2.layvt.(laid,laid,laying.把放下；擺設(shè)；鋪(地毯.)；產(chǎn)(蛋.)[典例]1..Helaidhishandonmyshoulder.他把手放在我的肩上。2..Whoshouldwelaytheblameon?我們?cè)撠?zé)備誰(shuí)?[重點(diǎn)用法]lay短語(yǔ)：layeggs下蛋 laysth.aside把某物放在一邊；積蓄（錢(qián)）laysth.down把某物放下 laytheblameonsb.責(zé)備某人laythetable擺桌子 layemphasis/stressonsth.把重點(diǎn)放在某事上[練習(xí)]根據(jù)句子的意思在括號(hào)里填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或翻譯。1..Thebird______itseggsinotherbirds’nests.2..Heisapoliticalleaderthat____________________(非常強(qiáng)調(diào).)individualresponsibility.3..He______somemoney______forrainydays.Keys:1..lays 2..laysgreatstresson3..lays/puts;aside3.harmfuladj.有害的；傷害的harmn.&vt.傷害（某人）[典例]Manypeopleareawareoftheharmfuleffectsofsmoking.很多人都意識(shí)到吸煙的危害。[重點(diǎn)用法]beharmfultosb./sth.對(duì)……有害 doharmtosb.=dosb.harm=harmsb.對(duì)……有害；傷害……[練習(xí)]根據(jù)句子的意思在括號(hào)里填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或翻譯。1..Everyoneknowsthatsmokingis______toyourhealth.2..Inmanycases,toomuchcareforchildrenfromparentsmightevendo______totheirgrowth.3..在陽(yáng)光下看書(shū)對(duì)你的眼睛傷害很大。_______________________________________________________________________________Keys:1..harmful 2..harm3..Readinginthesundoesalotofharmtoyoureyes.=Readinginthesundoesyoureyesalotofharm.=Readinginthesunisveryharmfultoyoureyes.4.existvi.存在；生存existencen.存在[典例]1..DoeslifeexistonMars?火星上有生命嗎?2..IcanhardlyexistonthewageI’mgetting.我靠我掙的工資簡(jiǎn)直難以餬口。[重點(diǎn)用法]exist+prep.存在于地方 existonsth.靠某物生存[練習(xí)]用exist的短語(yǔ)或其適當(dāng)形式填空。1..Thisplant______only______Australia.2..Canyou____________suchalowsalary?3..Idoubtthe______(exist).ofalien.Keys:1..exists;in 2..existonto3..existence5.puzzlevt.&vi.(使.迷惑)；(使.苦思)n.謎；難題puzzledadj.無(wú)法了解的；困惑的puzzlingadj.令人費(fèi)解的[典例]1..Herreplypuzzledme.她的回答把我弄糊涂了。2..Theirreasonfordoingitisstillapuzzletome.他們?yōu)槭颤N要做此事我仍莫名其妙。[重點(diǎn)用法]sth.puzzlessb.某事使某人迷惑/為難 sb.bepuzzledbysth.某人對(duì)……感到迷惑puzzleabout/oversth.對(duì)某事感到迷惑或苦苦思索（以便理解） puzzleone’sbrain苦思苦想；絞盡腦汁solveapuzzle解決一個(gè)難題[練習(xí)]用puzzle的適當(dāng)形式填空或翻譯。1..Toexplainthe________(puzzle.)findings,heofferstwotheories.2..I_______(puzzle.)thatIhaven’theardfromLizforsolong.3..Shelistenedwitha_______(puzzle.)expressiononherface.4..Noonehasyetsucceededinexplainingthe_______(puzzle.)ofhowlifebegan.5..He_______(puzzle.)whattodonext.6.._____________________(使我困惑的事情.)iswhyheleftthecountrywithouttellinganyone.Keys:1..puzzling2..ampuzzled3..puzzled4..puzzle5.waspuzzled6..Whatpuzzlesme6.pullv.拉，拖，拔；移動(dòng)n.拉，拖；拉(引.力[典例]1..YoupushandI’llpull.你來(lái)推，我來(lái)拉。2..Ifeltapullatmysleeveandturnedround.我覺(jué)得有人扯我的袖子，便轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身來(lái)。[重點(diǎn)用法]pullahead(ofsb/sth.領(lǐng)先（於某人/物） pull(sb.back（使某人）退卻；撤回（某人）pulloff(sth.（指機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)輛）駛離（道路）（至路側(cè)停車(chē)處停下） pullout(sth..拉掉；使分離；掏出；駛離（車(chē)站）pullon穿，戴上（襪子、手套等） pulltogether同心協(xié)力；通力合作[練習(xí)]用pull短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空。1..Iarrivedasthelasttrainwas____________.2..He____________agunandaimedatthecriminal.3..Solongaswe____________,there’snomountaintopwecan’tconquer.Keys:1..pullingout 2..pulledout3..pulltogether7.cheervt.&vi.(使.高興、振奮；(對(duì).歡呼)cheerfuladj.高興的cheerlessadj.不高興的[典例]1..ThecrowdcheeredloudlyastheQueenappeared.女王出現(xiàn)時(shí)群眾高聲歡呼。2..Hewasgreatlycheeredbythenews.他聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息非常高興。[重點(diǎn)用法]cheersb.on為某人加油 cheer(sb.)up（使某人）更高興或更快活[練習(xí)]用cheer的短語(yǔ)或其適當(dāng)形式填空。1..Yourvisithasgreatly______himup.2..Thecrowd______therunners______astheystartedthelastlap.3..Youlookasthoughyouneed______up.Keys:1..cheered2..cheered;on3..cheeringⅣ.重點(diǎn)詞組（旨在提供詞匯綜合運(yùn)用材料）1.tobeginwith=tostartwith以……開(kāi)始；由……作為開(kāi)頭；首先[典例]Tobegin/startwith,Icouldn’tunderstandasingleword.起初，我一句也沒(méi)弄明白。[重點(diǎn)用法]begin/startwith從……開(kāi)始 begin/startsthwith從……開(kāi)始……[練習(xí)]根據(jù)句子的意思完成句子。1..He______hisspeech______apoem.2..Hisspeech____________apoem.3..__________________,petsaregoodfriendsofmanylonelypeople,especiallytheold.Keys:1..began/started;with2..began/startedwith3..Tostart/ime及時(shí)；最終；遲早[典例]1..Theycaughtthebusintime.他們及時(shí)趕上了汽車(chē)。2..Ifyoukeepon,youwillsucceedintime.如果堅(jiān)持下去，你們總有一天會(huì)成功的。[短語(yǔ)歸納]time短語(yǔ)：intimeforsth./todosth.及時(shí)；不遲 innotime立刻；馬上 atnotime永不……atonetime有個(gè)時(shí)期；曾經(jīng)；一度 atatime一次；每次attimes=sometimes有時(shí)allthetime一直；始終；老是 ontime按時(shí)；準(zhǔn)時(shí) bythetime到……的時(shí)候?yàn)橹筬orthetimebeing暫時(shí)；暫且 takeone’stime不著急；慢慢來(lái)killtime消磨時(shí)間fromtimetotime不時(shí)地，間或 manyatime常常；多次 onceuponatime從前atthesametime同時(shí)；盡管如此 aheadoftime提前，提早 raceagainsttime爭(zhēng)分奪秒timeandagain一次又一次；重復(fù)地 keeptime(鐘表.走得準(zhǔn) keepbadtime（鐘、表）走得不準(zhǔn)takeone’stime慢慢來(lái)，別急 haveagood/nice/hardtime(in.doingsth做某事很……It’s(high/about.timethatsb.did/shoulddosth.是做某事的時(shí)候了[練習(xí)]用time短語(yǔ)填空。1..Theysentthemailtomejust______________,beforeI1eft.2..Williamarrivedatthetheatrejust______________fortheplaywastobeon.3..Hurryup!Theconcertwillbegin_____________________.4.._____________________willIgiveup.5..Theboylaughedandcried__________________________.6.._____________________hewasaddictedtoplayingwebgames,butnowhedevoteshimselftowriting,whichdelightshisparents.7..Don’ttrytodoeverythingatonce;takeitabit_____________________.8..You’llhaveyourownofficesoon,but____________________________you’llhavetoshareonewithme.Keys:1..ime3..innotime4..Atnotime5..atthesametime6..Atonetime7..atatime8..forthetimebeing3.inone’sturn輪到某人；接著[典例]Iwillseeyou,eachinyourturn.我將要一個(gè)接著一個(gè)地看你。[短語(yǔ)歸納]turn短語(yǔ)：inturn輪流；一個(gè)接著一個(gè) byturns輪流；一陣……一陣……taketurns(todosth..輪流（做某物） It’sone’sturntodosth.輪到某人做某事了[練習(xí)]用turn短語(yǔ)填空或翻譯句子。1.. Shewenthotandcold______________.2.. 我們輪流著開(kāi)車(chē)。____________________________________________________________________________________3..今天輪到誰(shuí)發(fā)言了？____________________________________________________________________________________Keys:1..byturns2..Wedrovethecarbyturns/inturn.=Wetookturnstodrivethecar.3..Whoseturnisittogiveaspeechtoday?4.prevent...from=stop...from=keep....from使……不做事；阻止……做某事[典例]Hisbackinjurymaypreventhimfromplayingintomorrow’sgame.他背部的傷可能使他參加不了明天的比賽?！居梅ū嫖觥孔⒁?prevent/stopsb.fromdoingsth.中的from可省,keepsb.fromdoingsth.中from不可省略，因?yàn)閗eepsb.doingsth.是“使某人一直做某事”之意；但如在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，三者的from都不可?。划?dāng)后接sb’sdoingsth.作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，只能用prevent或stop，不能用keep，因?yàn)闆](méi)有keepsb’sdoingsth.的句型。[練習(xí)]根據(jù)句子的意思完成句子或翻譯。1..Doctorstookactionto___________________________________(防止)這種疾病的蔓延..2.. OfcourseIcan’t_______yourgoingabroad.3..警察阻止他們攜帶武器。_______________________________________________________________________________________Keys:1..prevent/stop/keepthediseasefromspreading2..prevent/stop3..Thepoliceprevented/stopped/keptthemfromcarryingweapons.=Theywereprevented/stopped/keptfromcarryingweapons.5.blockout擋?。ü饩€）[典例]Thatwallblocksoutallthelight.那堵墻把光線都遮住了。[短語(yǔ)歸納]out短語(yǔ)：breakout爆發(fā)，發(fā)生 burstout大聲喊叫，突然…起來(lái) goout外出；過(guò)時(shí)；(燈.熄putout關(guān)(燈.；撲滅；生產(chǎn) comeout出現(xiàn)，顯露；出版，結(jié)果是 helpout幫助解決難題(或擺脫困境.lookout留神；注意 watchout注意；提防 findout找出，查明，發(fā)現(xiàn)pickout挑出，辨認(rèn)出，分辨出speakout大聲地說(shuō)，大膽地說(shuō) thinkout仔細(xì)思考某事；想出（主意等）hangout掛出，閑逛 knockedout(拳擊中.擊倒，打昏 sellout售完(某種貨物.，脫銷(xiāo)turnout結(jié)果證明是 runout(of.用完，耗盡 checkout結(jié)帳離去，辦妥手續(xù)離去handout分發(fā)，散發(fā) giveout分發(fā)；用完，消耗盡；發(fā)出(光、聲音等.)[練習(xí)]用out短語(yǔ)填空。1..Attheendoftheracehislegs______________andhecollapsedontheground.2..It’seasyto_______him_______inacrowdbecauseheisverytall.3..Hisnwebookwill______________nextmonth.4..Wethoughtitwasgoingtorain;it______________tobeafindday.5..We______________of/fromourhotelat5.tocatcha7.flight.Keys:1..gaveout2..pick;eout4..turnedout5..checkedout6.beoff=setoff出發(fā)；動(dòng)身；不用上班/學(xué)/開(kāi)張[典例]Thenwewereoff.隨后我們就啟程了。[短語(yǔ)歸納]off短語(yǔ)：getoff下車(chē) falloff從……摔下來(lái) takeoff脫下；起飛 keepoff遠(yuǎn)離turnoff關(guān)閉 payoff付清，還清 set...off給……送行 kickoff踢球jumpoff跳下 giveoff散發(fā) showoff炫耀 shutoff關(guān)閉[練習(xí)]用turn短語(yǔ)填空或翻譯。1..ItisaSundayandwe______________(不用上班).today.2..Herhusband______________onabusinesstripsomewhere.3..Therewesawasignreading,“______________thegrass”.4..Aftertenyearsofhardwork,shefinally______________allherdebts.Keys:1..areoff2..wasoff3..Keepoff4..paidoff7.breakout(災(zāi)難、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)等.)突發(fā)；爆發(fā)[典例]Firebrokeoutduringthenight.夜間突然發(fā)生了火災(zāi)。[短語(yǔ)歸納]break短語(yǔ)：breakawayfrom脫離（黨派）；擺脫（控制） breakdown毀掉；壞掉；(計(jì)劃/談判).失敗breakup打碎；拆散；會(huì)議.結(jié)束；分裂,解體. breakoff使.停止；中斷；折斷breakintosth.強(qiáng)行進(jìn)入某處 breakone’sword/promise食言；說(shuō)話(huà)不算數(shù)[練習(xí)]用break短語(yǔ)填空。1..Aterribletsunami______________inthesoutheasterncountriesofAsiaatChristmas,2004.2..Whendoyou______________forChristmas?3..Negotiationsbetweenthetwosideshave______________.4..Hishousewas______________lastweek.Keys:1..brokeout2..breakup3..brokendown4..brokeninto8.watchout密切注視；當(dāng)心；提防[典例]Watchout!There’sacarcoming.小心!汽車(chē)來(lái)了。[重點(diǎn)用法]watchoutforsb/sth警惕或注意某人/事物 watchover保護(hù)；照看[練習(xí)]用watch短語(yǔ)填空。1..Theremusthavebeenanangel______________methatday.2..WhatproblemsshouldI_____________________whenbuyinganoldhouse?3..You’llbecomeanalcoholicifyoudon’t______________.Keys:1..watchingover2..watchoutfor3..watchoutⅤ.重點(diǎn)句子（旨在提供句子結(jié)構(gòu)等所需材料）1.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock,whichwereintimetoproducethewatervapour,carbondioxide,oxygen,nitrogenandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.它(地球.巨大的爆炸噴出了烈火與巖石。最終產(chǎn)生了水蒸氣、二氧化碳、氧、氮和其他多種氣體，從而形成了地球的大氣層。[解釋]“be+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)通常用來(lái)表示“按計(jì)劃或安排將要做的事情”，或表示上級(jí)對(duì)下級(jí)、父母對(duì)子女下命令，“應(yīng)該做某事”或表示某事“將必然發(fā)生”。例如：1..Hereisamessageforyoufromyourheadteacher:youaretogotoherofficeafterclass.你的班主任給你一個(gè)口信，要你下課后到她的辦公室去。2..Theworstisstilltocome.更糟糕的事情還會(huì)發(fā)生。3..We’llholdameetingtomorrow.=Wearetoholdameetingtomorrow.=Ameetingistobeheldtomorrow.我們明天將開(kāi)會(huì)。4..ThetrainistoarriveinBeijingat10:25am.這趟火車(chē)將于上午10:25到達(dá)北京。[練習(xí)]完成句子或翻譯。1..Hereisamessageforyoufromyourheadteacher:you__________________toherofficeafterclass.(你的班主任給你一個(gè)口信，要你下課后到她的辦公室去。.2..Theworstisstill____________(come..)3..We’llholdameetingtomorrow.=We__________________ameetingtomorrow.=Ameetingis__________________tomorrow.4..這趟火車(chē)將于上午10：25到達(dá)北京。________________________________________________________________________________________Keys:1..aretogo2..tocome3..aretohold;tobeheld4..ThetrainistoarriveinBeijingat10:25am.2.Thatmadeitpossibleforlifetobegintodevelop.那使生命的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育成為一種可能。[解釋]此句中的made后跟帶形式賓語(yǔ)it的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，其中it是形式賓語(yǔ)，真正賓語(yǔ)是不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，“forlivetobegintodevelop”，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是possible。再如：Shemadeitherbusinesstofindoutwhowasresponsible.她非要弄清楚是誰(shuí)的責(zé)任不可。提示：常用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞還有think，feel，find，consider等。例如：1..Wemakeitaruletogetupat6o’clockeverymorning.2..Ifindithardtogetalongwithhim.3..HefounditimpossibletoleaveGermanyfortheUSA.他發(fā)現(xiàn)不可能離開(kāi)德國(guó)去美國(guó)了。4..Ithink/find/feel/consideritmydutytohelpyou.我覺(jué)得我有責(zé)任幫助你。[練習(xí)]完成句子或翻譯。1..We________________________(規(guī)定).togetupat6o’clockeverymorning.2..I__________________(發(fā)現(xiàn)很難.)togetalongwithhim．3..他發(fā)現(xiàn)不可能離開(kāi)德國(guó)去美國(guó)了。____________________________________________________________________________________________4..我覺(jué)得我有責(zé)任幫助你。____________________________________________________________________________________________Keys:1..makeitarule2..findithard3..HefounditimpossibletoleaveGermanyfortheUSA.4..Ithink/find/feel/consideritmydutytohelpyou.3.ButwhenItriedtostepforwardIfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.而當(dāng)我試著向前邁步的時(shí)候，我發(fā)覺(jué)我被送出去很遠(yuǎn)，步子的跨度竟是地球上的兩倍，因而我摔倒了。[解釋]twiceas...as...“是……的兩倍”，英語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)倍數(shù)的表示句型：1..倍數(shù)+as+adj./adv.+as“是……的幾倍”Myroomistwiceaslargeashis.2..倍數(shù)+adj./adv.比較級(jí)+than“比……(多/大.幾倍”)Myroomistwicelargerthanhis.3..倍數(shù)+the+表示長(zhǎng)度/高度/寬度等的名詞+of“是……的長(zhǎng)度/高度/寬度幾倍”Myroomistwicethesizeofhis.注意：此結(jié)構(gòu)中常用的名詞有：size,height,weight,length,widthdepth等。例如：1..Thisruleristhreetimesaslongasthatone.=Thisruleristhreetimeslongerthanthatone.=Thisruleristhreetimesthelengthofthatone.這把尺子是那把的三倍那么長(zhǎng)。2..Therearefourtimesasmanystudentsasweexpected.到的學(xué)生是我們預(yù)計(jì)的五倍。[解釋]twiceas...as...是的兩倍，英語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)倍數(shù)的表示句型：1..倍數(shù)+as+adj./adv.+as“是……的幾倍”Myroomistwiceaslargeashis.2..倍數(shù)+adj./adv.比較級(jí)+than“比……(多/大.)幾倍”Myroomistwicelargerthanhis.3..倍數(shù)+the+表示長(zhǎng)度/高度/寬度等的名詞+of“是……的長(zhǎng)度/高度/寬度幾倍”Myroomistwicethesizeofhis.注意：此結(jié)構(gòu)中常用的名詞有：size,height,weight,length,widthdepth等。[練習(xí)]完成句子或翻譯。1..這把尺子是那把的三倍那么長(zhǎng)。__________________________________________________________________________________________2..到的學(xué)生是我們預(yù)計(jì)的五倍。Thereare____________________________________weexpected.Keys:1..Thisruleristhreetimesaslongasthatone.=Thisruleristhreetimeslongerthanthatone.=Thisruleristhreetimesthelengthofthatone.2..fourtimesasmanystudentsas課文要點(diǎn)（模塊）Ⅰ.課文詞匯填空（旨在復(fù)習(xí)本課文中的單詞拼寫(xiě)和主要詞語(yǔ)等）根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容完成下面語(yǔ)法填空，注意單詞拼寫(xiě)和詞語(yǔ)用法：Astheresultof"BigBang",theviolentearthslowlysettledintoaglobe1(move.aroundthesun.Thegasseswhichweretomaketheearth's2（大氣層）cameintobeingfromtheexplosionofthedustball,withwater3(follow.themwhiletheearthcooleddown.Itallowedthebeginningforlife.Manymillionsofyears4,thefirst5(極度的.smallplantsbegantoappear6thesurfaceofthewater,7(繁殖.andfillingtheseaandoceans,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Astimepassed,greenplantstakingcarbondioxideandproducing8（氧氣）cametolandandgrewintoforest.Laterthechainsoflivescontinued,suchasinsects,amphibians,reptiles,dinosaursandmammals,thetypicalof9ishumanbeing.Theydon'tonlydo10totheearthbutcausedamagetoit.答案：1.moving2.atmosphere3.following4.later5.extremely6.on7.multiplying8.oxygen9.which10.goodⅡ.課文大意概括（旨在訓(xùn)練用30個(gè)單詞概括大意的能力）閱讀課文，試著用30來(lái)個(gè)單詞概括課文大意或?qū)⑾旅娴亩涛淖g成英語(yǔ)，短文解釋了生命如何在地球上開(kāi)始的。首先，地球爆炸和產(chǎn)生水。因?yàn)樗拇嬖?，然后植物和?dòng)物，包括人類(lèi)逐漸在地球上出現(xiàn)。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Thepassageexplainshowlifebeganontheearth.Atfirst,theearthexplodedandproducedwater.Andthenplantsandanimalsincludinghumanbeingsappearedontheearthgraduallybecausewaterexistsontheearth.Ⅲ.課文佳句背誦與仿寫(xiě)（旨在培養(yǎng)對(duì)難句的理解和寫(xiě)作能力）1【原句】Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetweenandbillionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.[模仿要點(diǎn)]句子結(jié)構(gòu)：what＋主語(yǔ)從句＋is…till+時(shí)間名詞＋定語(yǔ)從句【模仿1】他要給我什么禮物一直不知，直到昨天下文他來(lái)看我是我才知道。__________________________________________________________________________________答案：Whatgifthewouldgivemewasuncertainuntilyesterdayafternoonwhenhecametoseeus.【模仿2】沒(méi)人知道我們將要得到什么樣的工作，直到3年后我們從大學(xué)畢業(yè)以后才知道。__________________________________________________________________________________答案：Whatjobswewillgetisunknownuntil3yearslaterwhenwewillgraduatefromuniversity.2【原句】Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.[模仿要點(diǎn)]句子結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ)從句＋is＋that表語(yǔ)從句【模仿1】他想告訴我們的是一天下文當(dāng)他在回家的路上看見(jiàn)一只小鳥(niǎo)受傷了。__________________________________________________________________________________答案：Whathewantedtotellusisthatoneafternoonwhenhewasonhiswayhomehesawabirdwhichwasdying.【模仿2】他缺席的原因是他在上學(xué)時(shí)被一輛小車(chē)撞傷了。__________________________________________________________________________________答案：Whyhewasabsentisthathewasbadlyhurtbyacarwhenhewenttoschool.3【原句】Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.[模仿要點(diǎn)]句子結(jié)構(gòu)：which引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)上句情況的進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明。【模仿1】我們常?？吹接腥藖y丟亂吐，這弄得我們的環(huán)境很臟__________________________________________________________________________________答案：Weoftenseesomepeoplethrowrubbishandspiteverywhere，whichmakesourenvironmentdirty.【模仿2】她的父母非常感激我們，醫(yī)生也高度評(píng)價(jià)了我們的急救，這使得我們意識(shí)到學(xué)習(xí)急救的必要性。__________________________________________________________________________________答案：Herparentswereverythankfultousandthedoctorsthoughthighlyofourfirstaid,whichmadeusrealizethenecessityoflearningfirstaid.單元自測(cè)（模塊）1完形填空閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從1—10各題所給的A、B、C和D項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。字?jǐn)?shù)：196完成時(shí)間：14分鐘難度：***Whosaid:"IfIdidn'thavebadluck,Iwouldn'thaveanyluckatall！"However，notall"badluck"shouldbeconsideredasa(n.1thing.Whenlifegivesyouakick,letitkickyou2!Inthe1920s,ErnestHemingway3somethingabout"badluck"andgotjustsuchakick.Hewas4tosucceedasawriterwhen5struck.Helostasuitcasecontainingallthemanuscripts(手稿.thathehadbeenplanningtopublish.Hemingwaycouldn'timaginedoinghisworkalloveragain.Allthosemonthsofwritingweresimply6.Hetoldafriendabouthisbadluck,whotoldhimitwasactuallyverygood7!Heassured(向...保證.Hemingwaythatwhenherewrotethestories,hewouldforgetthe8parts;onlythebestmaterialwouldreappear.HeencouragedHemingwaytostartagain,butwithoptimismand9thistime.Hemingwaydidrewritethestoriesandeventuallybecameaworld-famouswriter.Don'tprayforfewerproblems;prayformoreability.Don'taskforsmallerchallenges;askforgreater10.Whenlifegivesyouakick,letitkickyouforwards!1.A.essential B.confusing C.acceptable D.bad2.A.backwards B.off C.on D.forwards3.A.learned B.said C.heard D.solved4.A.waiting B.struggling C.dreaming D.wishing5.A.challenges B.changes C.disaster D.failure6.A.buried B.failed C.wasted D.undone7.A.fortune B.result C.journey D.idea8.A.weak B.important C.good D.last9.A.knowledge B.confidence C.imagination D.luck10.A.chance B.sympathy C.wisdom D.kick答案：文章用海明威的例子來(lái)說(shuō)明一個(gè)問(wèn)題：當(dāng)生活給你一個(gè)打擊，你就借勢(shì)向前。1.D 通讀全文可知“不應(yīng)該把所有的壞運(yùn)氣都看作壞事”(它也許是推動(dòng)你前進(jìn)的一次機(jī)會(huì)或者動(dòng)力.。根據(jù)此意需要選D項(xiàng)2.D 根據(jù)文章最后一段可以得到提示：“Whenlifegivesyouakick,letitkickyouforwards!”當(dāng)生活給你一個(gè)打擊，你就借勢(shì)向前。3.A 海明威通過(guò)這個(gè)“厄運(yùn)”學(xué)到了一些東西。學(xué)到了/學(xué)會(huì)了要用learn表達(dá)。4.B 從第四段最后一句“Hemingwaydidrewritethestoriesandeventuallybecameaworld-famouswriter.”可知在他丟書(shū)稿的時(shí)候他尚未成名，所以是在努力(struggling.當(dāng)中。5.C 即將出版的書(shū)稿丟了，這對(duì)尚未成名的海明威來(lái)說(shuō)不啻是一次災(zāi)難(disaster.。6.C 這幾個(gè)月的辛勤勞動(dòng)的成果就這樣付諸東流了(simplywasted.。7.A 他向朋友哭訴時(shí)，朋友卻認(rèn)為這是運(yùn)氣（fortune）。從下文他勸告海明威重新來(lái)寫(xiě)作并且取得成功可以看出來(lái)。8.A 忘記那些不太有印象的東西，這些也是小說(shuō)里不怎么重要或不精彩的(weak.部分。weak與thebest相對(duì)。9.B 朋友鼓勵(lì)他要樂(lè)觀(optimism.，要有自信心(confidence.，而confidence與optimism并列，表達(dá)相近的意思。10.C 從前一句的“Don’tprayforfewerproblems;prayformoreability.”可知不是要祈禱問(wèn)題會(huì)減少，而應(yīng)該去起到自己獲得更大的能力。那么，下一句：不是祈禱少一些挑戰(zhàn)，而應(yīng)該祈禱自己具備更高的智慧(greaterwisdom.來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)這些挑戰(zhàn)。不是尋找一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的解決途徑，而是要可能的最佳的方法。2.語(yǔ)法填空閱讀下面短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語(yǔ)法性和上下文連貫的要求，在空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或使用括號(hào)中詞語(yǔ)的正確形式填空，并將答案填寫(xiě)在答題卡標(biāo)號(hào)為1—10的相應(yīng)位置上。字?jǐn)?shù)：143完成時(shí)間：8分鐘難度：***OnWednesdaymorningateleveno'clock,IwaswalkingdownMainStreet.Ihadjustparkedmycar.SuddenlyIheardtwoshots.Ithoughtthey1(come.fromthebank.Irantowardthebank.Isawaman2(come.out.Hewasshortandfat3abigmoustache.More4(importance.,hehadabagofmoneyandaguninhishands!5Icoulddoanything,heranupthestreet6disappearedbehindabus.ThatafternoonIwenttothemovies.7happened?Isawthethiefagainatthefootofthestairs!Itelephonedthepolicefromatelephonenexttotherestrooms.Thepolicearrivedin8thanfiveminutes.Theyarrestedthethiefjustashe9(buy.achocolatebarfromthecandymachine.Whatanexcitingday!Andbestofall,thebankgaveme10$100reward.答案：1．hadcome考查動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)，表槍聲在我想／認(rèn)為之前發(fā)生：2．Coming考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)seesomebodydoingsth．的結(jié)構(gòu)：3．with介詞，"有，具有"：4．importantlymoreimportantly表“更重要的是”：5．Before時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，表“在……之前”：6．a(chǎn)ndand連接ranup...和disappeared兩個(gè)動(dòng)作，表并列關(guān)系：7．WhatWhathappened?是固定句型，表驚訝：8.1esslessthan5minutes表“不到五分鐘”。9．wasbuying過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，表當(dāng)時(shí)正在買(mǎi)巧克力時(shí)，警察逮捕了他：10．a(chǎn)表一份獎(jiǎng)品：3.信息匹配閱讀下列應(yīng)用文及相關(guān)信息，并按照要求匹配信息。請(qǐng)閱讀下列某書(shū)店各書(shū)架的相關(guān)信息：SectionA:Do-It-YourselfSection---Ontheseshelvescustomerscanfindthelatestmanualsonhowtodoeverythingfrombuildingacomputertoconstructin