FurtherSustainableDevelopmentSuggestionsforBaliTurtleIslandBTIDLandscapeDevelopmentGuidelinesWrittenbyTURENSCAPEDESIGNINSTITUTEBeijingChinaInAprilChapterLandscapeDesignMasterApplicableCompilationInstructionGeneralDesignSustainableDesignSocialBenefitHumanOrientedCultureRespectLandscapeDesignLandscapeMasterPublicOpenSpace&GreenOpenSpaceTypologies&OpenSpaceRegional&DistrictOpenNeighborhoodOpenLinearOpenSpaceandParkPublicEasementswithinOpenSpace6.21Sports&Recreation6.22UrbanArtsStreetscapeTypologies&StreetscapeStreetscapePlantingSelectedPlantStreetPlantingOpenSpacePlantingSignageSignageDesignSignageWaterManagementWaterEdge1 ThischapterfocusesonLandscapeDesignMasterPlanforfurthersustainablelandscapedevelopmentofBTIDproject.Thegoalistoprovideageneralwhilespecificapproachforlandscapedevelopmentinarelativelylargescaleoftheentireisland.Itcoverstopicsrelatingtoallpossiblefurtherdevelopment,rangingfrompublicopenspace,greencorridor,streetscape,planting,signage,towatermanagement.Understandingtheoveralllandscapedesignmasterplanstrategyhelpspost-developerstoseetheirdevelopmentfromaratherbroadview,whichwillbenefitthecoherencyandconsistencyoftheislandasawhole.ApplicableThischapterisapplicableforfurtherdevelopmentparties,includingregionalplanner,landscapearchitect,sitedesigner,constructionconsultantandallrelatedfields.Itsintendistoprovidesustainabledevelopmentguidelinesforallpartiestofollowinordertoachievesustainabledevelopmentandharmoniousunification.Itisimportantfordeveloperstorefertorelatingpagesandcheckour mendationsinordertothoroughlyunderstandnarrowingdetaildevelopment.CompilationThemethodologyimplementedinthischapterisaresearchbasedstudyofexistingsustainabledevelopmenttheories.Byreferingtocontemporarypracticesandcasestudiesavailablethroughations,wecouldlearnfromthepastprecedentsandfoundthemostsuitablestrategyforturtleislandtodevelopsustainablyinlongterms.Itstartsfromgeneralsustainabledesignprincipals,coveringimportantfocusesofeconomicefficiency,socialbenefit,humanorientedandculturerespect.Bybasingonfundamentalprincipalscanfollowingdetailedguidelinesbereliable,applicable,andtrustworthy.InstructionAllguidelinesaremeanttoprovidesuggestionsforfurtherdevelopmentoftheisland.Itisnotcompulsory,butatthemeantime,itishighly mendedtofollowtheguidelines.Guidelinesarecarefullyexaminedandevaluatedbycompilationteaminwishofdeveloasustainablefuturefornextgenerationswithourjointefforts.It’soursharedenvisionofpreservingnaturalheritageandlivinginprosperitycommunitywithlongtermsustainability.2 GeneralDesignThegeneraldesignprinciplesdiscussedinthisguidelineiscenteredonsustainabilityandhealthylongtermSustainabilityisthecapacitytoendure,whilecommonlydefinedsustainabilitydevelopmentwasfirstappearedin1987byBrundtlandCommissionoftheUnitedNations.Itsayssustainabilitydevelopmentas:“Developmentthatmeetstheneedsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirneeds.”Basedonthemostfoundamentalprinciple,weevaluatedthemostconcernedissuesrelatingtosustainablepost-development.FollowingdesignprinciplesarehighlightedasespeciallyforBTIDproject,including:SustainableDesignSustainabledesigniscommonlyacceptedas“thephilosophyofdesigningphysicalobjects,thebuiltenvironment,andservicestocomplywiththeprinciplesofsocial,economic,andecologicalEconomicEfficiencyEconomicefficiencyreferstotheuseofresourcessoasto izetheproductionofgoodsandservices.Inabsoluteterms,asituationcanbecalledeconomicallyefficientifnothingmorecanbeachievedgiventheresourcesavailable.SocialBenefitSocialBenefitisincrementalbenefitofanactivityasviewedbythesociety,wherebenefithereincludesallpositiveeffectsonsocietyasawhole,suchaspositiveexternalities,notjustthebenefitaccruingtotheconsumerofthegood.HumanOrientedHumanorientedmeanspeopleareattheheartofdesign,andbasichumanneedsshouldbethefirstproprityofthehuman-orienteddesignprocess.Itpromotesbothphysicalandpsychologicalcomfort,andsustainshealthfulwell-beings.CultureRespectOfcommoninteresttoallareprovidingappropriatepublicaccess,presentingandprotectingthesignificanceofplaces,andtheneedfor—sustainabilityforbusinesses,forheritageplaces,andforthecommunity.Forourpurpose,thehopeisfortheseprinciplestoworkcoherentlytogether.Onlybytakingallprinciplesintoconsiderationduringplanninganddesigningprocess,couldthedevelopmentandnextgenerationsbenefitthemostfromourcurrentconstruction.Theseprinciplesdealwithconcernsregardingecology,economy,sociality,humanity,andcultureheritage.Bycoveringalmostallaspectsofsocietyissues,wehopetoachievethemostenvironmentallyandsociologicallyfriendlydevelopmentforfuturegenerations.3 LandscapeDesignLandscapedesignapproachinthischapterisfeaturedintotwomainbranches,onefromecologicalaspect,dealingwithplantingstrategy,watermanagement,greencorridoretc.Theotherbranchfocusesonurbandesignaspect,withissuesrelatingtopublicopenspace,openspacetypologiesandprogramme,streetscape,andsignagestrategy.Byappraochinglandscapemasterplanfromthesetwodirections,wehopetobalancetheecologydevelopandurbanismdevelopmentequallytosustaintheTurtleIsland.Thefundamentalprincipalsmentionedinthisguidelinearedrawnfromexistingresearchesworldwide,EcologicalWSUD(WaterSensitiveUrbanDesign)-WaterSensitiveUrbanDesign(WSUD)isalandplanningandengineeringdesignapproachwhichintegratestheurbanwatercycle,includingstormwater,groundwaterandwastewatermanagementandwatersupply,intourbandesigntominimiseenvironmentaldegradationandimproveaestheticandrecreationalappeal.LID(LowImpactDevelopment)-UnitedStates&LowImpactdevelopment(LID)isatermtodescribealandplanningandengineeringdesignapproachtomanagingstormwaterrunoffthatemphasizesconservationanduseofon-sitenaturalfeaturestoprotectwaterquality.Thisapproachimplementsengineeredsmall-scalehydrologiccontrolstoreplicatethepre-developmenthydrologicregimeofwatershedsthroughinfiltrating,filtering,storing,evaporating,anddetainingrunoffclosetoitssource.BMP(BestManagementPractice)-UnitedStates&BestManagementPractices(BMP)isatermusedintheUnitedStatesandCanadatodescribeatypeofwaterpollutioncontrol.Historicallythetermhasreferredtoauxiliarypollutioncontrolsinthefieldsofindustrialwastewatercontrolandmunicipalsewagecontrol,whileinstormwatermanagement(bothurbanandrural)andwetlandmanagement,BMPsmayrefertoaprincipalcontrolortreatmenttechniqueaswell.IMPs(IntegratedManagementIMPsarethepreferredmethodbecausetheycanmaintainthepre-developmentrunoffvolumeandcanbeintegratedintothesitedesign.Managementpracticesinclude:DryFilterstrips,vegetatedbuffers,andothermultifunctionallandscapeLevelGrassedswales,bothdry(infiltration)andwetRainbarrels(notdiscussedCisterns(notdiscussed3 LandscapeDesignUrbandesignshouldnotbeneglectedorseparateapartfromecologicaldesign.Noonestrategyshouldbeisolatealone,giventhefactthatallareinterconnectedandassociatedwithothers.Withinthecontextofurbanconditions,urbandesignstrategyimplementedhere,shouldtakethesurroundingecologicalconditionsintoconsideration.UrbanDesignESD(EnvironmentalSiteESDisacomprehensiveapproachtoplanningdevelopmentsowegetmoreofthebenefitsandfeweraquaticresourceimpacts.ThroughESDprojectplanners:Identifythoseportionsofasitewheredevelopmentcanoccurwiththeleastimpacttowetlands,streams,forests,andothersensitiveresources;Consideralternativesforminimizingtheareaofrooftops,parkinglot,streetsandothernewimpervioussurfacescreatedonthesite;Locatebuildingsandotherimpervioussurfacessotheydraintoareasonthesitesuitedtotheuseofhighly-effectiveaquaticresourcesprotectionpractices;SevenCriteriaforUrbanTherearesevenfoundamentalprinciplesthatwillhelpevaluatewhetheranurbandesignisgoodornot:Character-aplacewithitsownContinuityandenclosure-wherepublicandprivatespacesareclearlyQualityofthepublicrealm-aplacewithattractiveandwell-usedoutdoorEaseofmovement-aplacethatiseasytogettoandmoveLegibility-aplacethatiseasytoAdaptability-aplacethatcanchangeDiversity-aplacewithvarietyandTenPrinciplesofUrbanDesign-LosTheprinciplesdealwithconnectingsinglepropertiestoblocks,blockstoneighborhoods,neighborhoodstocommunities,andcommunitiestothecity.Theywillestablishadesignprogramfromwhichtopromoteandguidechangeinurban,suburbanandruralneighborhoodsuniquetoourcity.Developinviting+accessibletransitNurtureneighborhoodBridgethepastandtheProducegreatgreenGeneratepublicopenStimulatesustainability+Improveequity+opportunityforEmphasizeearlyimplementation+maintainablelong-termEnsureLandscapeMasterTheLandscapeMasterPlanismeanttoprovideaoveralldevelostrategyofTurtleIsland.Intheplan,specificlandusetypologiesandarrangements,parcelsizesandshapes,openspacemixuses,greencorridors,publicopenspacesandmuchmorecouldbereferedfromthisoverallplan.Itisimportanttoidentifythelanduseanditsrelationtotheadjacentcontextinordertoizingpostsustainabledevelopment.Master5 PublicOpenSpace&GreenTherewillbeseriesofsectionsprovidedinthissegmentaboutthepublicopenspaceandgreencorridors.Referingtorelevantgreencorridorsectionscouldhelpgettingasenseofitslayoutandmeasurements.Theyaretypicallyrepresentativesofsurroundingstreetscapesandplantingthemes.Usingthesesectionsasareferenceguidelineforfutherdevelopmentstrategyandconstructionstandardsiscrucialforthesucessionoffurtherprojects.IIEJLKHONMCFBDAGSection5 PublicOpenSpace&Green

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O-OJJO6 OpenSpaceTypologies&OpenSpaceNN0m BaliTurtleislandconsistsoffourmajoropenspacetypologiesas

RegionalandDistrictOpenSpaceNeighbourhoodOpenSpaceLinearOpenSpaceandParkRegionalandDistrictopenSignificantgatheringspacesattractingvisitorsfromwithinBaliTurtleislandbutalsoMajorsocialandrecreationalfocalpointswithinthewiderurbancontext,includingfacilitiessuchassportsfield,publiceventsspacesandenvironmentalinterpretation.NeighbourhoodOpenTypicallylinearopenspacesincorporatingintegratedstormwatermanagementandlowscaleactiveusessuchassharedpathwaysandConnectors&LinearOpenPredominantlywaterfrontpromenades,beachesandstreetscapecorridors.Thesearetypicallymoreformalspaces,withawidevarietyoflandusesadjacenttothem.PublicEasementsWithinAdditionalinformationspecificallyregardinglandscapeandopenspaceisprovidedintheDesignGuidelinessectionofthis6 OpenSpaceTypologies&OpenSpace

EcologicalExperienceEcologicalstrategyistheprimarydesignStormwaterNet-zeroRainwaterPurificationandDomesticAnimalsandPlantsDiversityRecyclingofReusableAlongwithimplementingthesegreenecologicalpractices,weprovideagreen,healthy,andecologicalrecreationexperiencefortourismaswell.RainwaterBirdButterflyTurtleLocalSeaPedestrianBicycleTramInsect6 OpenSpaceTypologies&OpenSpace

CultureExperienceTurtleIslandhasBali'smostwell-knowntemple:SakenenTemple.Inthemeanwhile,localresidentsstillkeeptheirheritageofreligionalceremonyandclassicaltemple.RichnessinreligioncultureisoneofthemainfeaturesofTurtleIsland.TheproposalpthetraditionalceremonyrouteandfocusedonthelandscapecorridorinfrontofSakenenTemple.Whilemaintainingthefunctionneedsofreligionalceremonyduringfestivals,theopenspacealsoprovidesanuniqueBalireligioncultureexperienceactivity.ReligionalGatheringHydrophilicSouvenirPedestrian6 OpenSpaceTypologies&OpenSpace

CultureExperienceBaliTerracehasbeenlistedundertheWorldHeritage,asitrepresentsthetypicalandtraditionalBaliculture.InTurtleIslandentrancedesign,we thiselementtorepresenttheBaliagrarianculture,whichhasbeenpassedonfromgenerationtogenerationforlong.Byso,comingtouristscouldexperiencethegreenvernacularscencesfromtheverybegining.BaliAgraianRainwaterBaliPedestrianPedestrian6 OpenSpaceTypologies&OpenSpace

CommercialRecreationMoreover,waterfeaturesincoperatedwithinthedesigncouldenhancethevibrancyofthesurroundingareasbyallowingwaterplayingRainwaterGatheringOutdoorPerformingWaterFeaturePlayRestingShadeShaddyRainwaterPurificatedfacilitiesand6 OpenSpaceTypologies&OpenSpace

CreativityandPublicArtsInthedesign,theBalirainforestiswellusedasalandscapebackdrop,wherepublicartsandnaturalenvironmentareharmoniouslyCreativeArtRainwaterBicycleTramOverhead6 OpenSpaceTypologies&OpenSpace

EducationandAdventureEco-center,asbeingtheeducationalanddemonstrationalsite,primarilydisplaysthreekeyconceptsoftheislandtoRainwaterWaterChildren'sAdventureChildren'sWaterOrchardCutFlowerBicycleTramSun-glassExplainationBotanicSun-glass Wetland6 OpenSpaceTypologies&CutFlowerProductiveChildren'sCultivation6 OpenSpaceTypologies&OpenSpace

SportsMajorsportprogrammeissurfing,butotherthanthat,outdoorsportsspacealsoprovideopportunitiesforsoccer,FutsalExtremeBicycleBBQFutsalSportsFacilities7 StreetscapeTypologies&StreetNN0m VehicularcirculationonKuraKuraBaliisbasedonaclearroadhierarchyasidentifiedinthefigure

PrimaryRoadSecondaryRaod(28.5m)TertiaryRoad(21.5m)Useofsuchahierarchywillresultinalegibleandefficienttransitnetwork,appropriaysizedandprovidingenhancedconnectivity.Roadsconnectedwithmajorroadareprimaryroadsandsecondaryroads.Aseriesoftertiaryroadsprovideathirdtier,orlocal,accesswithinthePrimaryStreetSectionSecondaryStreetSectionTertiaryStreetSectionRainWaterCollectingandPurificaitonSystemRaingarden(bioretentionsystems)——plantslayer,soilcover,plantingsoillayerandsedimentBioswaleadvantages——throughtheplantsandsoilfilteringprocessingitcaneffectivelyremovesmallparticlesofsuspendedsolidsinrainwaternutrients,etc..Plantscanreducerainwaterflowratetoprotectthesoiltobewashedintheheavyrain,andreducesoil7 StreetscapeTypologies&StreetCCPalmBJasmineARaintreeDForestHSorrowlessFFragantEYellowflameGCoralN0m Raintree Palm Jasmine

Foreststreet

CoralstreetBasedontheproposedlandusetypologyadjacenttostreets,theyarenamedwithsevendifferentthemes.Eachstreettocreateanuniqueatmosphereandselectionofdifferentplants.StreetThemeARainTreeSamaneaColour:Red+BJasmineColour:Green+Orange+CPalmPhoenixColour:Green+Blue+Violet+DForestHeveaColour:DarkGreen+Purple+EYellowFlame種，搭配臘腸樹（Cassiafistula）營造清新熱烈的氛圍。Colour:BrightGreen+Yellow+FFragantPlumeriarubraGCoralSamaneaHSorrowlesSaracaARainTreeColour:Red+RainTreeRainTree雨Samanea蘭Bauhinia琴葉Ficus黃Hibiscus小葉馬櫻Lantana長春Catharanthus龍船Ixora地毯Axonopus紅閉鞘Costus山Dianellaensifolia(VariegatedSetionBJasmineErythrinafusca肖竹金鳳ComplayaCalathealuteaSelectedPlantsSetionCPalmColour:Green+Blue+Violet+SelectedPlants

海 海葡 Coccoloba散尾 Dypsis 大花鴛鴦茉 Brunfelsia藍(lán)雪 Plumbago水鬼 Hymenocallis海芋 SetionDForestColour:DarkGreen+Purple+

BarringtoniaHeveaCalotropisGardeniaEYellowFlameColour:BrightGreen+Yellow+PeltophorumCassiaComplayaRainCCPalmBJasmineARaintreeDForestHSorrowlessFFragantEYellowflameGCoralN0m FLORALRAINSPICERAINRAINGARGENRaintreeFLORALRAINSPICERAINRAINGARGENRoadsideraingardendesignforRaintreestreet,Jasminestreet,PlamRaintreestreetisfeaturedwithornamentaltreestoattractinsectsandJasminestreetisfeaturedwithBalispicesandvegetationstoemphasizevernacularPalmstreetisfeaturedwithfoliageplanttofocusonseasidelandscape,especiallywhenwindblowsthroughleavesAromaticfragranceandnectarattractARainTreeAromaticfragranceandnectarattract

FloralRainPlantplanning：ornamentalflowersandfragrantPlanPlanandSelectedLantana 小葉馬櫻Murraya九里Crinum文殊Cyperus埃及莎Asclepia馬利爆仗Brunfelsia大花鴛鴦茉BJasmine SpiceRainAkindofAkindoftastelikePlanandSelectedComplaya穿PlanandSelectedComplaya穿地Ipomoeaaquatica 空心Capsicum小米Amaranthusmangostanus莧Costus紅閉鞘Manihotesculenta木Cymbopogon香Ixora龍船CPalm

WindtalkRainBigleafplantsmakesoundswithBigleafplantsmakesoundswithwindandSeaPlantplanning：ornamentalfoliageHymenocalisHymenocalis水鬼Dianella山Calathea肖竹Spatiphyllum喜林Alocasiamacrorrhizos海芋巴西黃花鳶Caryota短穗魚尾8 Planting PlantsSelectionPlantselectionmeetstherequirementsoflocalThisareamayqualifyasZoneThisareamayqualifyasZone24232132April-NovemberSouthEastWind1PLANTEXPOSUREThisisaveryroughattemptatsettingexposurezonesforplantspeciesselection.ZoneboundariesareapproximateforgeneralguidanceTheprincipalcriterionforthezonesisdegreeofexposuretoseawindsandsaltspray.Zone1istheharshest,Zone4theeasiest.AswindsinBaliareeitherfromthesouth-westorsoutheast,theoutsidecoastaledgeisalwaysgoingtobeexposed.Zone1plantsarethereforelimitedtothosethatareabletocopewiththeseconditionsinnature.Zone4isgoingtobethemostshelteredareafromwind,notjustbecauseofdistancefromtheexposedcoastbutalsofromsheltercreatedbythebuildings.'Soil'conditionsovertheislandarethesame-dredgedsandandbrokencoralwithalmostnoorganiccomponent.Soilasacriterionisthereforeassumedtobedependentontheabilitytobringinimportedsoilasaspecialmix.ForZone1itisassumedminimalimportedsoilwillbeusedbeingalesspriorityarea,whereasforZone4,beingthefocusofPhase1andtheisland,itisassumedallsoilforplantingwillbeimportedonamoregenerousbudget.WaterasacriterionfollowsthesameassumptionsasforUselocalplantsthataredurable,andrequiringlowmaintenance,undertheconceptof"Zerobinationoftree,shrubandundergroundplant,butrelyoncanomytoshapetheBotanicalPlantLandscapeSamaneaBauhiniaFicusHibiscusPeltophorumErythrinaCassiaDypsisPhoenixLicualaFeatureCaesalpiniaBauhiniapurpureaSwieteniamacrophyllaCitrusaurantifoliaHeveabrasiliensisBauhiniapurpureaGarciniamangostanaRusseliaequisetiformisJasminumsambacComplayaTrilobataCalathealuteaCaesalpiniaWoodyBreyniaLicualaWoodyMediumLargeAglaiaodorataBrunfelsiaCalycinaPlumbagoauriculataHymenocallislittoralisAlocasiamacrorrhizosTrimeziasteyermarkkiAsclepiascurassaricaLantanamontevidensisCymbopogonWoodyLargeBotanicalPlantLandscapeSamanea雨LargeCalophyllum瓊崖海LargeDelonix鳳凰LargeSwietenia桃花心LargeCaesalpiniaferreaCassiafistulaTabebuiaTabebuiaargenteaBauhiniapurpureaFicusLyrataHibiscustiliaceuslDypsisLutescensCocosnuciferaBismarckia臘腸散尾MediumLoniceraYucca鳳尾絲MediumPandanusXiphidium香蘭劍葉LoniceraPlumbago藍(lán)雪ScandentLargeOphiopogon沿階Tradescantia紫背萬年Carpobrotus半枝BotanicalName PlantType BarringtoniaGuettardaspeciosaCalophylluminophyllumMillettiapinnata濱SmallCoccolobauviferaDypsisLutescensPhoenixdactyliferaCocosnuciferaBismarckianobilisPandanustectoriusCasuarinaequisetifoliaCassiasiameaCordiasubcordataBarringtoniaacutangulaCoccolobauviferaErythrinafuscaHeveabrasiliensisTabebuia