三大從句考點(diǎn)講解及練習(xí)三大從句考點(diǎn)講解及練習(xí)/15從句一、句子的種類(lèi)英語(yǔ)句子按結(jié)構(gòu)可分三種：簡(jiǎn)單句：只包含一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子，包括五種基本句型1）主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)；2）主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)；3）主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)；4）主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)；5）主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)注意：非謂語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)，也屬于簡(jiǎn)單句，后面句子前不能出現(xiàn)連詞。并列句：并列句是由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句連接而成。并列句中的各簡(jiǎn)單句意義同等重要，相互之間沒(méi)有從屬關(guān)系，是平行并列的關(guān)系。它們之間用連詞連結(jié)。句型：主謂結(jié)構(gòu)+并列連詞（and,but,so,or……）+主謂結(jié)構(gòu)（或更多的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)）注意:并列句連接的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句，短語(yǔ)和句子不能連接。3?復(fù)合句：由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成。句型：引導(dǎo)詞+主謂結(jié)構(gòu)+主謂結(jié)構(gòu);或主謂結(jié)構(gòu)+引導(dǎo)詞+主謂結(jié)構(gòu)（從句） （主句） 主句從句主句是全句的主體，通?？梢元?dú)立存在；從句則是一個(gè)句子成分,不能獨(dú)立存在。從句不能單獨(dú)成句，但它也有主語(yǔ)部分和謂語(yǔ)部分,就像一個(gè)句子一樣。所不同在于，從句須由一個(gè)關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)。從句包括名詞性從句（主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句）、定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句。二、需要注意的問(wèn)題句子原則：一個(gè)句子只能有一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，謂語(yǔ)是唯一的,謂語(yǔ)由動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成，如果出現(xiàn)更多動(dòng)詞：加連詞（and/but/so...）,變成并列謂語(yǔ)或并列句加上引導(dǎo)詞變成從句變?yōu)榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞英語(yǔ)句子和漢語(yǔ)句子的對(duì)比1） 英語(yǔ)句子的特點(diǎn)之一是重“形合”，句子的各個(gè)部分要由各種連詞、關(guān)系詞等連接起來(lái);而漢語(yǔ)句子是重“意合”，句子前后連接主要是通過(guò)上下文的邏輯意義來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的，連接詞的使用遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)少于英語(yǔ)，由于這一特點(diǎn)，很多學(xué)生在寫(xiě)作時(shí)往往忘了使用連接詞，造成諸多病句。2） 在漢語(yǔ)中逗號(hào)可以直接連接句子，但是在英語(yǔ)中，句子之間連接除了逗號(hào)外，還要借助連詞。連詞主要有兩類(lèi)，即并列連詞和從屬連詞，并列連詞在句中連接并列句，從屬連詞主要引導(dǎo)從句的。有一種情況可以不用連詞只用逗號(hào)連接，那就是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。3） 漢語(yǔ)句子中，兩個(gè)連詞可以同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在一個(gè)句子中，但是在英語(yǔ)中，從屬連詞和并列連詞不能在一個(gè)句子中同時(shí)使用，只能用一個(gè)。改錯(cuò)：Eg-1)Iamtired,Imustgotobed.Hehastwosons,bothofthemareteachers.ThewomantalkedtoyoujustnowisourEnglishteacher.TherearemanystudentsstudyintheclassroomTheboyrantohismothercry.Afterwritethenotice,heputituponthewall?Apersonhasnotenoughfood,hewillnothaveahealthybody.Thesunwarmstheearth,thismakesitpossiblefortheplantsgrow.Wewerelookingforyournewcoat,wecouldnotfindit.Practisemorereadingsyouwillimproveyourreadingability*Thepersoncametoseemethatafternoonisanoldfriendofmine?Hesucceededinpassingtheexammadehisparentsveryhappy.Itisapityshedidn^twintheprize.TomorrowisSunday,wedon5tneedtogotoschool.Theworkwasfinished,wewenthome.Timepermits,we5llgoouttoplay.l\iruingtotheleft,andyouwillfindabank.Havingbeentoldmanytimes,buthecouldn^tunderstandit.Becausehewasill,sohedidn'tgotoschool.Thoughheisachild,butheknowsalot.三、各種從句的引導(dǎo)詞的選擇關(guān)于這個(gè)問(wèn)題是學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)從句這一內(nèi)容的最大障礙，要弄清屬于什么從句，除t了分清各從句在主句中的位置外，關(guān)鍵在于弄懂各個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞在從句中的作用。定語(yǔ)從句放在所修飾的名詞或代詞的后面名詞性從句分為主語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。主語(yǔ)從句位于主句中的謂語(yǔ)或后置；2)賓語(yǔ)從句位于主句中及物動(dòng)詞或介詞和某些形容詞之后。3)表語(yǔ)從句位于主句中的系動(dòng)詞之后；4)同位語(yǔ)從句位于名詞如：idea,fact,truth,suggestion,plan之后；狀語(yǔ)從句位置可以在主句前或主句后；時(shí)間、條件、原因，讓步狀語(yǔ)從句放在句首時(shí)需要用逗號(hào)及主句隔開(kāi)。引導(dǎo)詞充當(dāng)成分判斷依據(jù)名詞性從句連接詞that無(wú)實(shí)義不充當(dāng)成分1、 連接詞的意義在從句當(dāng)中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞謜hether/if是否連接代詞What(什么,...69)whatever(無(wú)論什么)主、賓、表定Who（誰(shuí)）whoever（無(wú)論是誰(shuí)）主Whom(誰(shuí))whoniever(無(wú)論是誰(shuí))賓Which（哪個(gè)）whichever（無(wú)論哪個(gè)）主、賓、定Whose誰(shuí)的定連接副詞where什么地方狀語(yǔ)When什么時(shí)候why為什么

How怎樣定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞who主、賓、1、 先行詞在從句當(dāng)中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞諻hom賓、Which主、賓.that主、賓、表Whose定語(yǔ)關(guān)系副詞Where狀語(yǔ)WhenWhy狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)間when,while,as…狀語(yǔ)主從句之間的邏輯關(guān)系，注意從屬連詞的意義地點(diǎn)where,wherever...原因because,as,since.??目的sothat,inorderthat結(jié)果so/suclL..that條件if,unless...方式as讓步although,evenif比較???than…定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)的概念：定語(yǔ)是用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞的。比如：abeautifulgirl( )threeboys( )ashoefactory()?JinVsfather( ) ourteacher( )themaninthecarTOC\o"1-5"\h\z( )themanstandingatthedoor( ) themanwhoistalkingwithSam( )\o"CurrentDocument"單個(gè)詞做定語(yǔ)放在被修飾詞 ,短語(yǔ)或句子做定語(yǔ)放在被修飾詞 ?定語(yǔ)從句的概念及主要特征：定語(yǔ)從句：在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一 或 的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。\o"CurrentDocument"三要素：1)被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞叫 :2)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫 ；3)關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng) 關(guān)系詞的作用：1)引導(dǎo) ；2)替 ;3)在從句中充當(dāng)請(qǐng)劃出下列句子中的定語(yǔ)從句.先行詞及關(guān)系代詞:Themanwhoisshakinghandswithmvfatherisapoliceman?2.關(guān)系詞的分類(lèi)及用法關(guān)系詞分為 和 ,關(guān)系代詞有 關(guān)系副詞有 關(guān)系詞指代的先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞??定語(yǔ)從句的分類(lèi)及用法區(qū)另定語(yǔ)從句形式功能能否省略關(guān)系詞先行詞限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制定語(yǔ)從句使用定語(yǔ)從句需要注意的問(wèn)題1、 that及which的區(qū)別。1） 用that而不用which的情況：當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞everything,anything,nothing,something,all,none,few,little,some,much等代詞時(shí)，或當(dāng)先行詞有every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等代詞修飾時(shí)。②先行詞有theonly,thevery,thelast等詞修飾③先行詞有形容詞 或 修飾;；④先行詞既有—又有 時(shí)；⑤主句的主語(yǔ)是 或 ⑥若關(guān)系代詞在從句中作 >一般需用that.e.g.AllthatglittersisnotgoldThereisnothingthatcanpreventhimfromdoingitThereislittlethatIcandoforyou.ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy.ThisUthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.MrSmithistheonlyforeignerthatheknows.Whoisthemanthatisstandingbythegate?WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?TheytalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthattheyrememberedatschoolMarvisnolongerthegirlthatshewas.2） 用which而不用that的情況：①引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句；②代表整個(gè)主句的意思；③介詞+關(guān)系代詞。e.g.Hehadfailedinthemathsexam,whichmadehisfatherveryangry.Thisistheroominwhichmyfatherlivedlastyear.that及who的區(qū)別在one,anyone,those指人時(shí)一般用"who”。he/she/I/they作先行詞時(shí)，用"who”代替“that”.Anyone breaksthelawispunished?Those breakthelawarepunished.He doesrftreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的用法as引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，通常用于在主句中常有thesame,so或such及as相呼應(yīng)9（thesame...as;such...asso...as）as在定語(yǔ)從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)。e.g.SuchmachinesasareusedinourworkshoparemadeinChina.Doiftdosuchthingsasyouarenotsureabout※比較：Hereissobigastoneasnoonecanlift.（ 從句）Itissobigastonethatnoonecanliftit.（ 從句）as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后,用來(lái)修飾整個(gè)句子。通常用下列句型：asisknowntoall,asissaid,asisreported,asisannounced,asweallknow,asIexpect,asisoftenthecase等。e.g.AsIexpected,hegotthefirstplaceagaininthismid-termexamination.Asisknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceevervmonth?3)as引導(dǎo)非限制性定論從旬時(shí)及which的區(qū)別當(dāng)主句和從句語(yǔ)義一致時(shí)，用as；反之，用Which來(lái)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。egHemadealongspeech,asweexpected.Hemadealongspeech,whichwasunexpected.當(dāng)非限制定語(yǔ)從句為否定時(shí)，常用which引導(dǎo)。e.g.Tomdrinksaloteveiyday,whichhiswifedoesn'tlikeatall.as—般放在句首或句審,which置于句中?Asweknow,theearthisround?Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.關(guān)系代詞及關(guān)系副詞兩蒔 ’找出定語(yǔ)從句從句中主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)是否齊全，如齊全用關(guān)系副詞如果定語(yǔ)從句缺賓語(yǔ)，確定定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是不是及物動(dòng)詞，如果是，則用關(guān)系代詞，如果不是，則用關(guān)系副詞。如果定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，有主語(yǔ)，則用關(guān)系代詞A.Iknowaplace wecanhaveapicnic.Iknowaplace isfamousforitsbeautifulnaturalscenery.B?Iwillneverforgetthedays wespentourholidaystogether.Iwillneverforgetthedays wespenttogether.October1stisthedav newChinawasfounded.C.Thisisthereason hewasdismissed.Thisisthereason heexplainedtomeforhisnotattendingthemeeting.※如果定語(yǔ)從句分別修飾point,situation和case,position等表示抽象意義的詞，常用where引導(dǎo)，(前提是從句中缺少狀語(yǔ))。Icanthinkofmanycases thewordsareused?whose引導(dǎo)的定諱從句whose是一個(gè)表示所屬關(guān)系的詞，在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)。ofwhich可以代替whose指物，詞序一般是"山?+名詞+ofwhich”或"ofwhich+the+名詞”。ofwhom可以代替whose指人，詞序是uthe+名詞+ofwhom"或"ofwhom+the+名詞。Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.5?“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”考點(diǎn)分析.考査定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)部分的搭配習(xí)慣看定語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞及介詞的搭配Theman Ispokeonthephonelastnightisverygoodatwriting.Dovoulikethebook shepaid$10?看定語(yǔ)從句中形容詞及介詞的搭配Hegavemesomereferencebooks IamnotveryfamiliarChinaisabeautifulcountry, weareproud?.考査先行詞及介詞的審配習(xí)慣這類(lèi)考題往往要根據(jù)具體的語(yǔ)境來(lái)選擇介詞。F11neverforgetthedav whichshesaidgoodbyetome.考査根據(jù)句意確定喬詞Iamlookingformyglasses, whichIcan'twatchTVclearly."介詞+關(guān)系茯詞”前還可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many\most,each,few等代詞或者數(shù)詞。Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80% aresoldabroad?Therearetwobuildings,thelarger standsnearlyahundredfeethigh.6?關(guān)系詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)取決于先行詞尤其是“on?ofthe+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”這一結(jié)構(gòu)后面的定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，及定語(yǔ)從句所靠近的那個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)名詞在數(shù)上保持一致。但如果"oneofthe+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”這一結(jié)構(gòu)前面帶有theonly之類(lèi)的限定語(yǔ)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則要用單數(shù)形式。Tomisoneoftheboyswho latethatmorning.Tomistheonlyoneoftheboyswho latethatmorning.填空練習(xí)2014-2015年高考題Someexpertsthinkreadingisthefundamentalskillupon schooleducationdepends.【安徽】ChinaTodayattractsaworldwidereadership, showsthatmoreandmorepeopleallovertheworldwanttolearnaboutChina.【福建】3?Thenumberofsmokers, isreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyean【江蘇】Asthesmallestchildofhisfamily,Alexisalwayslongingforthetime heshouldbeabletobeindependent.［陜西】Thebossofthecompanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmosphere hisemployeesenjoytheirwork.【天津】Hewrotemanychildren9sbooks,nearlyhalfof werepublishedinthe1990s.【重慶】Thebooksoilthedesk, coversareshiny,areprizesfor【四川】OppositeisSt.Paul'sChurch, oilcanhearsomelovelymusic. 【廿匕京】Creatinganatmosphere_employeesfeelpartofateamisabigchallenge.【浙江】10.ltisatrulydelightfulplace, looksthesameasitmusthavedone10()yearsagowithitswindingstreetsandprettycottages.【湖南】Theexactyear AnglelaandherfamilyspenttogetherinChinawas2008.borrowedthebookSherlockHolmesfromthelibrarylastweek, myclassmatesrecommendedtome.3.Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivities theycangainexperienceforgrowth?amlookingforwardtothe(lav mvdaughtercanreadthisbookandknowmvfeelingsforher.Thebookhashelpedmegreatlyinmydailyconununication,especiallyatwork agoodimpressionisamust.6.Amongthemanydangers sailorshavetoface,probablythegreatestofallisfog.Acompany profitsfromhomemarketsaredecliningmayseekopportunitiesabroad.Pleasesendusalltheinformation youhaveaboutthecandidatefortheposition?Untilnow,wehaveraised50,000poundsforthepoorchildren, isquiteunexpected?Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveraldiversecultures, usesitdifferently.單句改錯(cuò)ThebookthatIborroweditfromthelibraryiswellwritten.Thehousestoodattheplacewhichtheroadsmeet.MyauntleftforBeijing,whereisthecapitalofChina?Weshallvisittheuniversitywheremyfatherteachesthere?Canyouthinkofanyonewhomhouseisonapileofrocks?ThedaythatIlookedforwardtoarrivingatlast.ThefishermanwhomIthinkispoorinfactisveryrich?Thisisthegirlwhopracticeplayingthepianoeveryday.Thepeople,mostofthemareexperts,willbeinvitedtotheparty?Tliisistheshopwhichkeepopentillelevenatnight.Isthatfactorywhichyourfatheronceworkedin?Anyonelikesitcanborrowitfromme.Youcanchooseanythingwhatyoulike?Thehousewhichweliveisverylarge?Doyoustillrememberthedayswhenwespenttogether?Tliisistheonehundredthletterwhichshehasreceivedfromthatboy.Tliisisthewomantowhomymothertalkedjustnow.Whoisthedriverwhocausedtheaccident?ThisisallwhatIcandoforyou.HeissuchacleverboythatIlike?Whichisknowntoall,theearthisround?Idon'tlikethewaywhichyoutalkedtoyourfriendItissuchahotdayasIwanttogoswimmingverymuch?Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhoaregoodatdancing?Whichofyoucanthinkofasituationwhichthisidiomisoftenused?haveabook,whosethecoverisverybeautiful.Hebeatme,asIhaveneverexpected?Soontheycametoafarmhouse,andinfrontofwhichsatasmallboy;Thereasonwhylieexplainedtomesoundsreasonable?Einsteinissuchagreatscientistthatwemustlearnfrom.名詞性從句一、 名詞性從句相當(dāng)于名詞，可分別作主句的主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ).賓語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。因此，名詞性從句可分為主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。二、 名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞1?連接詞:that,if、whether2?連接代詞:what,whatever;who,whoevei;whom,whomever;whose,which,whichever連接副詞：when,where.whyshow 在名詞性從句在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分也沒(méi)有詞義， 在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分有詞義“是否”。連接代詞在名詞性從句中均有詞義充當(dāng) 、 . 、或 成分。連接副詞在名詞性從句中均有詞義充當(dāng) 。【主語(yǔ)從句】通常放在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前或由形式主語(yǔ)it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。句型是：l)It+be+adj.+that從句(如obvious,true,clear,important,certain,necessary...)It+be+n詞組+that從句(如nowonder,anhonour,apity,afact...)It+be+過(guò)去分詞+that從句(如said,reported,thought,believed,well-known,suggested...)It+不及物動(dòng)詞+that從句(如happen,matter,seem,appear)從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般為單數(shù)形式。如：Whatliesaidisright.Thathishairwasturninggreyworriedhimabit.Itisapitythatwecan'tgoswimming?Itiscertainthathewilldowellinthisexam?IthappenedthatIwentoutyesterdaywhenyouvisitedme.ItissaidthatPresidentJiangwillvisitourschoolnextweek?【賓語(yǔ)從句】通常放在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(及物動(dòng)詞)或介詞或某些形容詞之后。如：wonderwhetheryoucanchangethisnoteforme.Nobodyissurewhathumanswilllooklikeinamillionyears.Thatwilldependonwhethertheycangetthechance.注意：在tliink/make/consider/find/feel/believe等可接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞之后，it可以作為形式賓語(yǔ)，而真正的賓語(yǔ)that從句則放在句尾Hehasmadeitclearthatliewillnotgivein.【表語(yǔ)從句】表語(yǔ)從句放在系動(dòng)詞的后面。可以接表語(yǔ)從句的連系動(dòng)詞有be,look,remain,seem等。如：Theonlyquestionleftishowoftenthewo^keFSarepaid.Itlooksasifit'sgoingtorain.【同位語(yǔ)從句】同位語(yǔ)從句在句中作同位語(yǔ)，出現(xiàn)在一個(gè)名詞的后面，起著解釋說(shuō)明的作用?？筛徽Z(yǔ)從句的名詞主要有:fact,news,promise,reason,idea,hope,word,belief等。Weheardthenewsthatoufteamhadwon.Wewerehappytohearthenewsthatwasannouncedbvourboss.注意的問(wèn)題名詞性從句要使用陳述句語(yǔ)序。在名詞性從句中，主語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句，名詞性從句均要使用陳述句語(yǔ)序。?Noonewillbesurewhatmanwilllooklikeinamillionyears?@Doyouknowhowmuchmoneyhespent?@Doyouknowwhathappened??that及wliat：that引導(dǎo)名從時(shí)，無(wú)意義不當(dāng)句子成分，只是引導(dǎo)詞；而what引導(dǎo)名從時(shí)，在從句中要充當(dāng)主賓表等句子成分，what表"…的…"二the+n.+thatAmodemcityhasbeensetupin wasawastelandtenyearsago. theearthgoesaroundthesuniswidelyaccepted?Chinaisnolonger itusedtobe.Atlastthesoldiersreached thelocalscalledtheThreeGorges.Thereismuchchance Billwillrecoverfromliisinjuryintimefortherace?if和whether在引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)兩者可以互換，但引導(dǎo)介詞后邊的賓語(yǔ)從句或從句后面緊跟ornot時(shí)只能用whether,而不能用if。在引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句.表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，只能用whether,而不能用if。Whether還可及不定式.ornotN介詞連用Heaskedif(whether)youhavereceivedhisletter.Thisdependsoil heisinterested(ornot)?Haveyoudecided togotheretomorrow?Itdoesn'tmatter hewillcomeornot.that及if/whetherthat,whether,if都不作句子的任何成分。因此，它們所引導(dǎo)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)必須完整。that一般用于確定的語(yǔ)氣中，引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，口語(yǔ)中的that可省略，而其他情況中的that一般不可??；而whether,if一般用于不確定的語(yǔ)句中。如： lielearntEnglishbeforeiscertain.fmnotsure hecanovercomethedifficulties.that和why.that表示原因時(shí)，引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句?而why引導(dǎo)的從句充當(dāng)reason的定語(yǔ)。①Thereasonforhisabsenceis heisill.②Thereason lieleftschoolis liisfamilyispoor?注意:this/tliatisbecause引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句指原因this/thatiswhy引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句指結(jié)果Hewasill.Thatwas lieaskedthreedays*leave?nomatterwlio/wliat/whichever及whoever/whatever/whichevernomatter...只能引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句，???ever既可引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句又可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句. wassaidheremustbekeptsecret breaksthelawwillbepunished? seasonitis,themanalwayswearshisfunny-lookinghat.Hewillgive needshelpawarmsupport?7?同位語(yǔ)從句及定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別。定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系代詞that在句中做賓語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)，有時(shí)可以及which互換。同位語(yǔ)從句中的連詞that只起連接作用，在從句中不擔(dān)當(dāng)任何句子成分；而如果句子是同位語(yǔ)從句，就應(yīng)用連詞that而不能用whicho同位語(yǔ)從句一般放在表抽象意義的名詞如：fact,suggestion、truth、possibility、idea等后面，解釋名詞的含義或內(nèi)容，而定語(yǔ)從句只是對(duì)先行詞的限定和修飾。?ThenewsthatMr.BrownwillbeournewEnglishteacheristrue@Thenewsthathetoldmeyesterdayistrue?8.賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)(主句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句可以用任何時(shí)態(tài)；主句如果用過(guò)去式，從句也必須用和過(guò)去有關(guān)的時(shí)態(tài)。除了賓語(yǔ)從句表的是自然規(guī)律用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Theteachertoldusthatthemoontravelsaroundthemoon?月亮圍繞地球貳電客觀事實(shí)。Hemadeitclearthatliedidn'tlikethejob?9?名詞性從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣——“(should)+do”在主語(yǔ)從句中用來(lái)表示驚奇.不相信、惋惜.理應(yīng)如此等，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,常用句型有:Itisnecessary；(important,natural,strange,etc.)that...ItissuggestectCrequested,proposed,desired,etc.)that..?一堅(jiān)持(insist).二命令(order,command三建議(suggest,advise,propose)^四要求(demand,desire,require>request)?主語(yǔ)是suggestion,proposalrequest,decision等表"建議.請(qǐng)求.要求.決定"等意思的詞時(shí)，表語(yǔ)從句，同位語(yǔ)中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣M(should)+do\Itisnecessarythatacollegestudent (master)atleastaforeignlanguage?Iadvisedthatlie (send)tothehospitalatonce?Mysuggestionisthathe (go)toseeadoctoratonce?Iamagainsthisadvicethatthebridge (pull)down.總結(jié)：名詞性從句引導(dǎo)詞的選擇三步驟步驟一：如果從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，或者賓語(yǔ)，或者表語(yǔ)，或者定語(yǔ)，則考慮用連接代詞(What,who.which,whose,whatever...)步驟二：如果從句中既不缺少主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，也不缺少表語(yǔ)，但是缺少一定意義的狀語(yǔ)，則考慮用連接副詞(where,when,why,how...)步驟三：如果既不缺少主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，也不缺少狀語(yǔ)，貝U考虎用連接詞(that,whether,詢名詞性從句專練一、改錯(cuò)題：1?It'suncertainthattheexperimentisworthdoing.,Allwhatishardistodogoodallone'slifeandneverdoanythingbad.Theboydidn'ttakemedicinemadehismotherangry.Youcan'timaginehowexcitedweretheywhentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents?Thatwe*llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweatherWliathereallymeansiswhathedisagreeswithus.WlienwellHnislitranslatingthebookdependonthetime.Wlierewillthehousebebuiltwillbediscussedattomorrow'smeeting?Ifyoucomeornotisuptoyou.ThatisthatLuXunoncelived.WethoughtstrangethatTomdidnotcomeyesterday.Thefactwhichshehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedallofus.Wlioleavestheroomlastouglittoturnoffthelights?14?TheenergyisthatmakesthecelkabletodotlieirworicJackwassoontoldwhyhedidwasnotnecessary.Isthiswhatwemeteachothertwoyearsago?Idon'tcarewhethersheliasnomoney;Icareifsheishonestornot.Thechildisalwayslying,sononeofuswillbelievenomatterwhathesays?Sarahopestobecomeafriendofwhosharesherinterest?WeexpressthehopewhichtheBrownswouldcometoChinaagain.Thetownisquitedifferentfromthatitwas3yearsago.ThisisafactthatEnglishiswidelyusedasaninternationallanguage?Thereasonwhyliewaslateisbecausehegotuplate?Theywanttomakeitcleartothepublictheydoanimportantjob?AsisknowntoallisthatpaperwasfirstinventedinChina?Thisiswhatourproblemlies.YoumaydependonthatIshallalwayshelpyou.Itisunknownthatwherewewillhavethemeeting?rilmakeknowntoallthatyouwerenothonest.Whenandwhereweshallhavethelecturearenotdecided2014-2015年名詞性從句高考題填空Ashipinharborissafe,butthat'snot shipsarebuiltfoT?（安徽卷）trulybelieve beautycomesfromwithin.（北京卷） weunderstandthingshasalottodowithwliatwefeeL（北京卷）—Iwonder Maryhaskeptherfigureafteralltheseyears?—Byworkingouteveryday?（福建卷）Youhavetoknow you'regoingifyouaretoplanthebestwayofgettingthere.（湖南卷） LiBai,agreatChinesepoet,wasbornisknowntothepublic,butsomewon'tacceptit.（江蘇卷）Readingherbiography;Iwaslostinadmirationfor DorisLessinghadachievedinliterature.（陜西卷）Theexhibitiontelkus weshoulddosomethingtostopairpollution?（四丿I〕卷）Ifyouswiminariverorlake,besuretoinvestigate isbelowthewatersurface.Oftentherearerocksorbranchedhiddeninthewater.（浙江卷）Wemustfindout Karliscoming,sowecanbookaroomforhim?（重慶卷）（2014山東卷）7?Itisdifficultforustoimagine lifewaslikeforslavesintheancientworkL（2014北京卷）30?Thebestmomentforthefootballstarwas hescoredthewinninggoaL（2014匕京卷）33?Somepeoplebelieve hashappenedbeforeorishappeningnowwillrepeatitselfinthefuture?（2014福建卷）34.Pickyourselfup.Courageisdoing you'reafraidtodo.（2014湖南卷）24.AsJohnLennononcesaid,lifeis happenstoyouwhileyouarebusymakingotherplans.（2014江蘇卷）2&—Whatamess!Youarealwayssolazy!—I'mnottoblame,mum.Iam youhavemademe.（2014全國(guó)大綱卷）24.Exactly thepotatowasintroducedintoEuropeisuncertain,butitwasprobablyaround1565?（2014陜西卷）15. thedelayedflightwilltakeoffdependsmuchontheweather.（2014四川卷）2?Grandpapointedtothehospitalandsaid,"That's Iwasborn.w（2014天津卷）14?Ithink impressesmeabouthispaintingisthecoloursheuses.（2014浙江卷）8?"Eveiytimeyoueatasweet,drinkgreentea."Thisis mymotherusedtotellme.（2014重慶卷）12.—IsittruethatMikerefiisedanofferfromYaleUniversityyesterday?—Yeah,butIhavenoidea hedidit;that'soneofhisfavoriteuniversity;并列連詞和狀語(yǔ)從句一、狀語(yǔ)從句的定義.功能.分類(lèi)定義：在復(fù)合句中作狀語(yǔ)的從句功能：狀語(yǔ)從句在主從復(fù)合句中修飾主句中的動(dòng)詞，形容詞或副詞，或整個(gè)主句分類(lèi)：按意義可分為時(shí)間.地點(diǎn).原因、目的、結(jié)果.條件.方式.比較.讓步等狀語(yǔ)從句。從句的位置放在句首，也可放在句末。放在句首時(shí)，從句后面常用一個(gè)逗號(hào)，放在句末時(shí),從句前一般不用逗號(hào)。狀語(yǔ)從句的考點(diǎn)主要是：主從句時(shí)態(tài)一致，從屬連詞不能及并列連詞連用，根據(jù)主從句之間的邏輯關(guān)系選擇正確的連詞，某些連詞的固定句型以及狀語(yǔ)從句的省略問(wèn)題。二用法1、 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句常用引導(dǎo)詞:when,as,while,assoonas,while,before,after,since,till,until特殊引導(dǎo)詞:theminute,themoment,thesecond,eveiytime,theday,theinstant,immediately、directly,nosooner..?than,hardly...when,scarcely…whendidn'trealizeliowspecialmymotherwasuntilIbecameanadult.WhileJohnwaswatchingTV,hiswifewascooking?Thechildrenranawayfromtheorchard（果園）themomenttheysawtheguard?NosoonerhadIarrivedhomethanitbeganto“in.EverytimeIlistentoyouradvice,Igetintotrouble?2、 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句常用引導(dǎo)詞:where,wherever,Generally,airwillbeheavilypollutedwheretherearefactories?Whereveryougo,youshouldworkhard?Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.Pleasemakeamarkwhereyouhaveanyquestion.3、 原因狀語(yǔ)從句常用引導(dǎo)詞:because,since,as,nowthatMyfriendsdislikemebecauseI'mhandsomeandsuccessful.NowthateverybodyhascomeJet'sbeginourconference?目的飛語(yǔ)從句常用引導(dǎo)詞:sothat,inorderthat,incase,forfearthatThebossaskedthesecretarytohurryupwiththeletterssothathecouldsignthem?Theteacherraisedhisvoiceonpurposethatthestudentsinthebackcouldhearmoreclearly?結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句常用引導(dǎo)詞:sothat,so...that,such...that,Hegotupearlysothathecaughtthefirstbus.It'ssuchagoodchancethatwemustnotmissit.條件狀語(yǔ)從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：i€unless,as/solongas,providing/providedthat,suppose/supposingthat,onconditionthatYouwillcertainlysucceedsolongasyoukeepontrying?Providedthatthereisnoopposition,weshallholdthemeetinghere?讓步狀語(yǔ)從句常用引導(dǎo)詞:though,although,evenif,eventhough,as（用在讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中必須要倒裝while（—般用在句首）,nomatter+疑問(wèn)詞.疑問(wèn)詞-everMuchasIrespecthim,Ican'tagreetohisproposal.Nomatterhowhardhetried,shecouldnotchangehermind?比較狀語(yǔ)從句常用引導(dǎo)詞:as（同級(jí)比較）,than（不同程度的比較），Sheisasbad-temperedashermother?Thehouseisthreetimesasbigasours.方式狀語(yǔ)從句常用引導(dǎo)詞:as,asif,WheninRome,doastheRomando.Shebehavedasifsheweretheboss.三.用法靈活的as,while引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句1?as可以引導(dǎo)時(shí)間、原因.讓步、比較和方式5種狀語(yǔ)從句。2.while可以引導(dǎo)時(shí)間.讓步、條件3種狀語(yǔ)從句。While（二Though）Ilikethecolorofthehat,Idontlikeitsshape?四nItbe+時(shí)間+wlien/that/since/before用法辨析itwas+（時(shí)刻，或時(shí)間點(diǎn)）+when從句Itwas1997whenHongkongreturnedtoChina?Itwasfiveo'clockwhenwearrivedatthesmallmountainvillage?對(duì)比強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：Itwasatfiveo'clockthatwearrivedatthesmallmountainvillage.It+willbe+時(shí)間段+before..."句型中.表示“要過(guò)多久才??二“Itwillnotbe+時(shí)間段+before../表示“不久就?…,過(guò)不了多久就??????\“itwas+時(shí)間段+before」表示“過(guò)了（多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間）才??…?”ItwastwoyearsbeforeMacaoreturnedtoChina.Itwon'tbelongbeforeyouseehimagain.Itwaslongbeforetheyescapedfromtheprison?itis（hasbeen）+一段時(shí)間+since從句Itis/hasbeentwodayssinceshefellill.強(qiáng)化習(xí)題：l.ItwaslastSunday IcameacrossMrBrown?2.1twasmidnight theyoungcouplecamebackfromthebalL3.1twon'tbeaminute thelunchisready;4.1tistwoweeks theSmithslivedinourvillage?5.1twasnotuntil1920 regularradiobroadcastsbegan.6.WasitduringtheSecondWorldWar hedied?7.1thasbeenoneyear Igotthejob?8.1twasn'tlong theydrovetheenemyofftlieircountry.9?Itwillbetwoyears wemeetagain.10.Itisyears Ienjoyedmyselfsomuch..Itwastwoyears herealizedthetruth?Itwillbetwoyears theeconomicsituationimproves.Itwastwoyearslater herealizedthetruth?Itis/hasbeentwoyears helivedhere?Itwasmidnight hearrivedhome?Itwasatmidnight liearrivedhome?Itwasnotuntilmidnight hearrivedhome?A.beforeB.whenC.sinceD.that填空1? scientistshavelearnedalotabouttheuniverse,thereismuchwestilldon'tknow.Ifyoumissthischance,itmaybeyears yougetanotherone?HardlyhadIenteredtheroom thephonerang?waslisteningtothemusic therewasaknockatthedoor thedamageisdone,itwilltakemanyyearsforthefarmlandtorecover.Goandgetyourcoat.It's youleftit. thedaywenton,theweathergotworse?Theyoungcouple,whoreturnedmylostwallet,left Icouldaskfortheirnames?believeyouwillhaveawonderfultimehere yougettoknoweveiyoneeke.Weneedtogettotherootoftheproblem wecansolveit.Themeaningofthewordnnice'changedafewtimes itfinallycametoincludethesense"pleasant."12?Idon'treallyliketheauthoi; Ihavetoadmitliisbooksareveryexciting?Wefoundthebookstwodays liehadgoneaway.?Halfanhourlater;Lucystillcouldn'tgetataxi thebushaddroppedhenYouwillnevergainsuccess youarefullydevotedtoyourwork??Donotleavetheroom youhavefinishedthetest.17. hardItried,Istillcouldn'tmanageit.18.ltwasnot hetookoffhisdarkglass Irealizedwhohewas.Much IadmireDavidasapoet,Idon'tlikehimasaman.Quitestudent_hemaybe,lietalksalotabouthisfavoritesingersafterclass?改錯(cuò)1?I'llletyouknowassoonastheywillarrive?HeaskedmetostaywhichIwas?Theyhadwrittenthreeletterssincetheycameback?Bythetimewegothome,Ihaveforgottenallaboutit.Thelightwentoutwhilewearehavingsupper.Myfatherhastwobrothers,bothofthemareallPartymembers.Sincethateverybodyishere,let'sstartourclass?don'tknowwhetheritwillrainornot,butifitwill,Ishallstayhome.wasshoppingatFolry'swhileImetanoldfriend10.Unlessheworksmorehardei;hewillcertainlyfaiLneverbuyanythingunlessitisnotreallyneeded.Shecomestotalktomewhenevershefeltlonely.????Wliatwasthepartylike?—-WonderfuLIt'syearswhenIenjoyedmyselfsomuch?Whateveryoudo,andFllberightherewaitingforyou.Jimimaginedthatthewholeworldknewofliisachievements,wheninfactonlyafewpeoplehadheardofit?Howevei;therearestillsomecountriestherepeoplehaveshorterlives?Whenbeingcompleted,theparkwillbeopentothepublic?NexttimethatIplantotravelinLondon,Tmgoingtotakeaplane?MuchalthoughI