11.Modernlifestylesmeanthatmanyparentshavelittletimefortheirchildren.Manychildrensufferbecausetheydonotgetasmuchattentionfromtheirparentsaschildrendidinthepast.Inthemodernsocietytoday,alargenumberofparentsspendtheirtimeinthejob.Duetothissituation,manychildrendonotgetmuchattentionfromtheirparentsaschildrendidinthepast.OfcourseIadmitofchildrengetmorecomfortablelifethanbefore,alsochildrenprobablyhavinghigherlivingstandardaswell.Nevertheless,whatarethechildrenreallywant?Isthemoney?Isthecomputer?Oristheattentionfromtheirdadormom?Theotherwise,whatdoestheparentswanttoleaveinthechildhoodoftheirchildren?Inmyopinion,Iagreewithmanychildrendonotgetmuchattentionfromtheirparentsaschildrendidinthepast.Inaddition,Iunderstandtheparentswishtogivingbetterlifetotheirchildren,therefore,theyworkharderthanbefore,becauseofthis,theparentslostthetimetoaccompanywiththeirchildrenandunabletopayattentiontotheirchildrenasthechildrendidinthepast,butIthinkthemostimportantthinkingis“therearenotthingimportantthantheattentionfromtheparentstochildren”.Weshouldknowtherichmateriallifecan’treplacethecarefromparentsofchildren.Oneofparents’responsibilitiesistakegoodcaretotheirchildren,alsoparentsshouldspendmoretimetoteachchildren.Inconclusion,modernlifestylechangedrelationshipbetweenparentsandchildren,manyparentsmisunderstandthemeaningofbringupofchildren,theythought“bringupofchildren”meansgivingmoneytotheirchildren,givinganythingthechildrenwantislove.Butactuallyittotallywrong,themostimportantpartofbringupmustbepayattentiontochildren,carethem,teachthem,notonlyspendmoneyofthem.12.Moreandmorequalifiedpeoplearemovingfrompoortorichcountriestofillvacanciesinspecialistareaslikeengineering,computingandmedicine.Somepeoplebelievethatbyencouragingthemovementofsuchpeople,richcountriesarestealingfrompoorcountries.Othersfeelthatthisisonlypartofthenaturalmovementofworkersaroundtheworld.(braindrain)Theso-called‘braindrain’frompoortorichcountriesisnowrobbingpoorercountriesofessentialpersonnellikedoctors,nurses,engineers,andthetrendissettocontinue,ifnottogetworse.Somepeoplesaythismovementofpeoplearoundtheworldisnotanewphenomenon.Migrantworkershavealwaysbeenattractedbythewiderchoiceofemploymentandgreateropportunityinmajorcitiesintheirowncountriesandabroad.Recently,asthetechnologicalagehasadvancedandasrichercountriesfindthemselveswithnotenoughworkerstofeedtheirdevelopment,theyhavehadtoruntootherpartsoftheworldtofindthenecessarymanpower.ManyricherEuropeancountries,forexample,arenowtryingtoattractskilledITworkersfrommyhomecountryIndiabyofferinghighersalariesthantheycouldhopetoearnathome.Withtheglobalisationoftheworld（加’s）economy,manypeoplefeelthattheprocesscannotbestopped.Others,myselfincluded,areoftheopinionthatmeasuresshouldbetakentoaddresstheproblem,bycompensatingpoorercountriesfinanciallyforthelossofinvestmentinthepeopletheyhavetrained,likedoctorsandnurses.Admittedly,thismaybecumbersometoadminister,butanattemptcouldbemadetogetitofftheground.Anotherstep,whichinparthasalreadybeguntohappen,istousetheforcesofglobalizationitself.Westerncountriescouldencouragepeopletostayintheirowncountriesbydirectinvestmentinprojectslikecomputerfactoriesorbysendingpatientsabroadfortreatment,asisalreadyhappening.Itisobviouslydifficulttorestrictthemovementofpeoplearoundtheworldanditisprobablyfoolishtotrytostopit,butattemptsshouldbemadetoredresstheimbalance.13.Computersandmodemshavemadeitpossibleforofficeworkerstodomuchoftheirworkfromhomeinsteadofworkinginofficeseveryday.Workingfromhomeshouldbeencouragedasitisgoodforworkersandemployers.Inrecentyearsthevastexpansionofinformationandcommunicationstechnologyhasmadeteleworkingmuchmorepractical.Althoughinmanycasesofficeworkerscouldbemadegeographicallyindependentbyusingmodems,faxesandcellphones,fewcompaniesoremployeestakefulladvantageofthispossibility.Thereareanumberofstrongargumentsinfavorofallowingworkerstoworkfromhome.Firstlycostsforemployerswouldbereducedbecausebusinesseswouldrequirelessofficespace,whichisoftensituatedinthecenteroflargecities.Secondly,worker'sliveswouldbeimprovedinavarietyofways.Forexample,theywouldnotneedtotraveltogettowork,whichwouldgivethemmorefreetime.Also,theycouldcombinetheirworkwiththeirfamilylife,whichisamajoradvantageiftheyareparentsofyoungchildrenortheyhaveoldpeopletolookafter.Ontheotherhand,travelingtoacentralizedworkplacealsohasanumberofpointsinitsfavor.Thefirstisthatmanyemployeeswouldmissthesocialaspectofworksuchasseeingcolleaguesandmeetingcustomers.Afurtherpointisthatemployerswouldneedtobeabletotrusttheirworkerstoworkatahighstandardandfinishtheirworkontime,sincesupervisingteleworkersisevenmorecomplicatedthansupervisingworkersinthesameoffice.Finally,workingfromhomemightinhibitteamworkandcreativeworkandsoperhapssoonlyreallysuitableforpeopledoingroutineofficework.Inconclusion,Ibelievethatwhilemanyworkerswelcometheopportunitytogoouttowork,otherswouldfindthechancetoworkfromhomeveryconvenient.Wherepossible,Ithinkworkersshouldbeofferedthechoice,butnotforcedtoworkfromhomeunlesstheywishto.14.Nowadaysmanystudentshavetheopportunitytostudyforpartoralloftheircoursesinforeigncountries.Whilestudyingabroadbringsmanybenefitstoindividualstudents,italsohasanumberofdisadvantagesInrecentyearstherehasbeenavastincreaseinthenumberofstudentschoosingtostudyabroad.Thisispartlybecausepeoplearemoreaffluentandpartyduetothevarietyofgrantsandscholarshipswhichareavailableforoverseasstudentsnowadays.Althoughforeignstudyisnotsomethingwhicheverystudentwouldchoose，itisanattractiveoptionformanypeople.Studyingoverseashasanumberofadvantages.Firstly，itmaygivestudentsaccesstoknowledgeandfacilitiessuchaslaboratoriesandlibrarieswhicharenotavailableintheirhomecountry.Furthermore，bylookingabroadstudentsmayfindawiderrangeofcoursesthanthoseofferedintheircountry'suniversities，andthereforeonewhichfitsmorecloselytotheirparticularrequirements.Ontheotherhand，studyingabroadhasanumberofdrawbacks.Thesemaybedividedintopersonalandprofessional.Firstly，studentshavetoleavetheirfamilyandfriendsforalongperiod.Furthermore，studyingabroadisalmostalwaysmoreexpensivethanstudyingatone'slocaluniversity.Finally，studentsoftenhavetostudyinaforeignlanguage，whichmaylimittheirperformanceandmeantheydonotattaintheirtruelevel.Inmyopinion，however，thedisadvantagesofstudyingabroadareusuallytemporaryinnature.Studentswhostudyabroadgenerallybecomeproficientinthelanguagequitesoonandtheyareonlyawayfromtheirfamilyandfriendsforayearortwo.Furthermore，manyofthebenefitslaststudentsalltheirlivesandmakethemhighlydesirabletoprospectiveemployers.15.Somepeoplefeelthatcertainworkerslikenurses,doctorsandteachersareundervaluedandshouldbepaidmore,especiallywhenotherpeoplelikefilmactorsorcompanybossesarepaidhugesumsofmoneythatareoutofproportiontotheimportanceoftheworkthattheydo.Howfardoyouagree?Whatcriteriashouldbeusedtodecidehowmuchpeoplearepaid?Itisundeniablethatcertainjoboccupationssuchasnurses,doctorsandteacherscontributegreatlytooursociety,buttheirincomesseemtobeundervaluedcomparingtofilmactorsorcompanybosseswhoarepaidalargeamountofmoney.Thisphenomenonarousespublicdiscussiononwhatfactorsshouldbeconsideredtodeterminepeople’ssalary.Somepeopleholdtheviewthatnurses,doctorsandteachersareunderpaidastheirimportanceoftheworkareunderestimated,butIdon’tagreewiththem.Firstofall,filmstarsandcompanybosseshavetotakestrongeffortsinordertosucceed.Inotherwords,thosewhoareconsideredsuccessfulandearnhugesumsmoneystandasmallproportion.Tobemorespecific,numerouspeopledesiretobecomefilmstars,butonlyafewofthemcanachievetheirgoals.Notonlydidtheyworkhard,butalsotheyneedgoodluck,opportunities,andhelpfulpartners.Thesituationisquitesimilarwhenthingscometocompanybosses.Peopleworkasfilmsstarsandcompanybosseshavetoendurehugepressure,irregularworkinghoursandinadequatesleeping.Ontheotherhand,professionssuchasnurses,doctorsandteachersrequirecorrespondingeducation.Withrelevantdegree,itisnotdifficulttofindajob.Besides,therisksandstressarequitemanageable.Ithinktherearealotoffactorsthatshouldbetakenintoconsideratetodecidehowmuchpeoplearepaid.Personalfactorsincludeeducationalbackground,relevantworkingexperience,skills,etc.Otherfactorsareinclusiveofindustrydevelopment,workinghoursandintensity,tonamejustafew.Inmyopinion,weshoulddevelopamethodtomakeacomprehensiveassessonpeople’searnings.16.Asmasscommunicationandtransportcontinuetogrow,societiesarebecomingmoreandmorealikeleadingtoaphenomenonknownasglobalization.Somepeoplefearthatglobalizationwillinevitablyleadtothetotallossofculturalidentity.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagreewiththisstatement?Globalizationmeansthatinsomewayspeoplearoundtheworldarebecomingmoreandmoresimilar.Weofteneatthesamefood,watchthesameTVprograms,listentothesamemusicandwewearthesameclothes.Someofthisatleastcanbeblamedonthespreadofmultinationalbrandsavailableallovertheworld.Onthesurface,itmayappearasiftheglobaldiversityofculturalidentitiesisbeinglost.If,theargumentgoes,peopleinTokyoandLondonlookanddressthesame,thenthatmustmeanthatculturaldifferencesaredisappearing.However,Iwouldarguethatthisisaverynarrowdefinitionofcultureandthatinfactculturaldifferencesareaspresentasever.CulturalIdentityisbuiltonfarmorethanjustthefilmswewatchorthejeanswewear.Thefoundationofculturalidentityissharedvalues.Whenyoulookindetailatdifferentcultures,yourealizethatthethingsthatareimportanttooneculturecanbeverydifferentfromthethingsvaluedbyanotherculture.Takemyownculture,India,asanexampleandcompareittoaverydifferentculture,Japan.AlthoughIhavenevervisitedJapanpersonally,Ibelievethatitisaculturewhichplacesalotofvalueonhardworkandthatpeopleoftenworkverylonghours.TheIndianpeople,incontrast,greatlyvaluetheirleisuretimeandstrivetospendasmuchlimewiththeirfamilyastheypossiblycan.Evenifweconsumethesameproducts,Iwouldarguethattherearestillsomeverydeep-rooteddifferences.Tosummarize,Idonotacceptthatthattotallossofculturalidentityisinevitable,despitetheinfluenceoflargecompaniesandtheirproductsaroundtheglobe.17.Insomecountriesyoungpeoplehavelittleleisuretimeandareunderalotofpressuretoworkhardintheirstudies.Whatdoyouthinkarethecausesofthis?Whatsolutionscanyousuggest?Someyoungpeoplefindthemselveswithverylittleleisuretime.Ibelievetherearetwomaincausesofthissituation.Thefirstisparentalpressureandthesecondiscompetitionforuniversityplaces.Everyparentwantstoseehisorherchilddowellinschoolandgoontohaveasuccessfulcareer.Thismeansthattheyexertpressureontheirchildrentospendhourseachdaystudyingathome.Someevenarrangeextratuitionfortheirchildren.Inmyowncountry,itisnotuncommonforyoungpeopletospendanotherthreehoursatsmallprivateschoolsaftertheirusualdayatstaleschoolisover.Asaconsequence,theirleisuretimeisextremelylimitedandthepressureonthemisconsiderable.Thesecondcauseisrelatedtothehighereducationsystem.Eachyear,therearemanytimesmoreapplicantstouniversitythanthereareuniversityplaces.Theresultofthisisthatonlythosestudentswithveryhighgradesmanagetoobtainaplace.Thiscontributestothepressureonteenagerssincetheymustworklonghourstohaveanychanceofsuccess.Onesolutiontotheproblemisforparentstobemadeawareoftheeffectsofthepressuretheyputontheirchildren.Schoolsshouldinformparentsthattoomuchpressurecanleadtoanxiety,stressanddepression.Theyshouldbeshownwaysinwhichtheycanhelptheirchildrenleadmorebalancedliveswithareasonableamountofleisuretime.Anothereffectivemeasurewouldbeforthegovernmenttoinvestinthecreationofmoreuniversityplaces.Thiscouldbedonebyexpandingexistinguniversitiesorbybuildingnewones.Thiswouldhavetheeffectofeasingcompetitionforplacesgivingteenagerssomeoftheirpreciousfreelimeback.18.Scientistsandthenewsmediaarepresentingevermoreevidenceofclimatechange.Governmentscannotbeexpectedtosolvethisproblem.Itistheresponsibilityofindividualstochangetheirlifestyletopreventfurtherdamage.Whatareyourviews?Recentlyscientistsworriedaboutclimatechangehaveurgedgovernmentstointroducemeasurestoreducethegreenhousegasemissionsthatareseenasitsmaincause.Simultaneously,politiciansandenvironmentalistshaveurgedindividualstomakechangestotheirlifestyle.Ishallarguethatgovernmentsandindividualsshouldtakejoinresponsibilityforthisproblem.Firstly,industryaccountsforalargeproportionofthegreenhousegasemissions,andthiscanonlybecontrolledbygovernmentaction.Measurescouldbetakentodiscouragepollution,suchaslimitingortaxingtheuseoffossilfuels.Alternatively,subsidiescouldbeofferedtoindustriestocleanuptheirproductionprocesses.Iftheseideaswereadopted,Ibelievethatbusinesseswouldregardpollutionasafinancialissue.Secondly,onlydiscussionbetweengovernmentscanensurethatsolutionsaresuccessful.TheKyotoagreement,forexample,triedtoreachglobalagreementonhowtoaddresstheproblem.Withoutsuchco-operating,itseemstomethateffortstoreducefuelconsumptionareunlikelytobeeffective.However,nationalandinternationalpolicieswillonlysucceedifindividualsalsochangetheirlifestyle.Forexample,peoplecouldthinkmorecarefullyabouthowtheyuseenergyintheirhomes.Byusinglesselectricity,installingenergy-efficientlightbulbsandelectricalappliances,orinvestinginsolarpanels,individualscanmakearealdifference.Inaddition,Ithinkindividualattitudestotransportneedtochange.Insteadofmakingshorttipsbycar,peoplecouldchoosetowalk,cycle,ortakeabus.Sincecarsareamajorsourceoftheproblem,changingourbehaviourinthisareawouldhaveamajorimpact.Inconclusion,Iwouldmaintainthatonlyacombinationofinternationalagreement,nationalpolicies,andchangesinindividualbehaviourwillsucceedinpreventingfurtherdamagetotheenvironment.19.Schoolchildrenarebecomingfartoodependentoncomputers.Thisishavinganalarmingeffectonreadingandwritingskills.Teachersneedtoavoidusingcomputersintheclassroomatallcostsandgobacktoteachingbasicstudyskills.Doyouagreeordisagree?Nowadaysmoderntechnologyhastotallychangedourapproachtostudy.Inmanycountriesstudentsnolongerhavetocopynotesbyhandfromtheblackboard;insteadtheteachergivesthemaphotocopy.Ratherthanmessyinkandpen,studentspresentatyped-upcopyoftheirassignments.Theircomputerevencheckstheirspellingastheygo.Infact,somepeoplebelievethatmoderntechnologydoesalotofourthinkingforusand,asaresult,wearegoingtoloseourabilitytothinkforourselves.Inmyopinion,spellingskillshavedefinitelydeterioratedinrecentyears.Somanyyoungpeopleusemobilephonestosendtextmessageswherespeedandconcisenessaremoreimportantthanspellingorgrammar.Someteacherscomplainthatthesestudentstakethesameattitudetowardtheirassignments.Ontheotherhand,typedassignmentsaremucheasiertoreadandaremuchneater.Frankly,Ifindsomenotesortextswhicharehandwrittenalmostimpossibletoread.Doctors,forexample,haveareputationforillegiblehandwriting,whichcouldleadtodisastrousmedicalmistakes.Perhapsitistimewefocusednotonhandwritingbutonpresentinginformationasaccuratelyaspossible.OneadvantageofcomputersisthataccesstotheInternethasopenedupanewworldoflearningforus.Wenolongerhavetowaitforabookthathasalreadybeenborrowedfromthelibrarybeforewedoourresearch.Infact,theInternetcanclearlybeusedtoresearchinformationinthesamewayasalibrarybutmoreconveniently.Onthewhole,ratherthanholdingstudentsback,Ibelievemoderntechnologyhasactuallyimprovedstandardsofeducationconsiderably.20.CountiessuchasChina,IndiaandJap