UNIT3FOODANDCULTUREDiscoveringUsefulStructuresHongKong________(return)toChinain1997.returnedMacao/m??ka?/________(return)toChinain1999.returned1.過去完成時的定義HongKong____________(return)toChinabeforeMacaocamebacktoChina.hadreturned動作1：發(fā)生在1997年動作2：發(fā)生在1999年定義一：動作1發(fā)生在動作2發(fā)生之前，動作1時態(tài)用“過去完成時”，表示“過去的過去”。①②1.過去完成時的定義Bythetimethepolicemangottotheshop,thethiefhadrunaway.警察到商店時，小偷已經(jīng)逃跑了。過去現(xiàn)在將來1.過去完成時的定義定義二：表示過去某一時間之前已經(jīng)開始并一直持續(xù)到該時間的動作或狀態(tài)。常與by/until/before/bytheendof+表示過去的某一時間連用It’sSunday.HehadbeenillforaweekwhenhewassenttohospitalonFriday.今天是星期天了。當(dāng)他周五被送往醫(yī)院就醫(yī)時，他已經(jīng)病了一個星期了。1.過去完成時的定義1.Bythetimethepolicemangottotheshop,thethiefhadrunaway.2.Hadthethiefrunawaybythetimethepolicemangottotheshop,例句：我們到劇院時戲劇已經(jīng)開始了。Theplay___________________whenwegottothetheater.hadalreadystarted過去完成時結(jié)構(gòu):肯/否定句：had(not)+done

一般疑問句：Hadsbdonesth?2.過去完成時的結(jié)構(gòu)Hadtheplayalreadystartedwhenwegottothetheater.3.過去完成時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時表示的動作發(fā)生在過去,但側(cè)重對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或造成的影響,與現(xiàn)在有關(guān).其結(jié)構(gòu)為”助動詞have/has+過去分詞”;過去完成時則是一個相對的時態(tài),它所表示的動作不僅發(fā)生在過去,更強調(diào)”過去的過去”,只有和過去的某時或某動作相比較時,才用到它?，F(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時3.過去完成時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時表示的動作發(fā)生在過去,但側(cè)重對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或造成的影響,與現(xiàn)在有關(guān).其結(jié)構(gòu)為”助動詞have/has+過去分詞”;過去完成時則是一個相對的時態(tài),它所表示的動作不僅發(fā)生在過去,更強調(diào)”過去的過去”,只有和過去的某時或某動作相比較時,才用到它。到目前為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會了3000個單詞.Ihavelearned3000Englishwordssofar.到那時我已經(jīng)學(xué)會了3000個英語單詞.Ihadlearned3000Englishwordstillthen.過去完成時：在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動作，表示動作發(fā)生的時間是過去的過去。一般過去時：過去某一時間所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。e.g.Theyhadarrivedatthestationbeforethetrainleft.

Theyarrivedatthestationattenyesterday.4.過去完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別1.by+過去的時間點Ihadfinishedreadingthenovelbynineo’clocklastnight.2.bytheendof+過去的時間點WehadlearnedovertwothousandEnglishwordsbytheendoflastterm.3.before+過去的時間點TheyhadplantedsixhundredtreesbeforelastWednesday.……5.過去完成時時間狀語e.g.MyfatheraskedmeifIhadfinishedreadingthatbook.Theladyshowedmethepicturesshehadpainted.1.在主從復(fù)合句中，主句為過去時，從句動作發(fā)生在主句之前，用過去完成時。6.過去完成時常用句型2.hardly...when.../nosooner...than...：“剛......就......”；hardly和nosooner分句謂語常用過去完成時。e.g.NosoonerhadMoYansteppedonstagethantheaudiencebrokeintothunderousapplause.3.It/This/Thatwas+thefirst/second/...+time+that從句，從句謂語常用過去完成時。e.g.ItwasthefirsttimethatIhadmadesuchamistake.4.It/This/Thatwas+the+形容詞最高級+名詞+定語從句（從句用過去完成時）e.g.ThatwasthemostbeautifulpicturethatIhadseen.5.用于虛擬語氣，表示與過去事實相反。e.g.Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.6.用于hope,intend,mean,think等動詞表示未實現(xiàn)的愿望時,意為“本打算，本想......”。e.g.IhadintendedvisitinghimthisweekendbutIwasn’tabletomakeit.過去完成時的被動語態(tài)hadbeen+過去分詞e.g.Anewfarm-to-tablerestauranthadbeensetupbythechefbeforehisnewcookbookwaspublished.【語境應(yīng)用】完成句子。1)Thetickets____________(sell)outbeforeIcametothecinema.2)Bytheendoflastyear,we_________________(produce)20,000cars.3)Whenthepolicearrived,thethieves________(run)away.4)Shetoldusthatthemeeting________________(cancel).hadbeensoldhadproducedhadrunhadbeencanceled（書p29）Completethetwoconversationswiththecorrectformsofthewordsintheboxusingthepastperfecttenseorthepastperfectpassivevoice.arrive,cancel,eat,finish,get,taste,tell

Carol:_____youever______anyScottishfoodbeforeyourtriptoSt.Andrewslastyear?

Paul:No,notreally.ButI____________abouthaggis

manytimesbeforewewentthere.HadtastedhadbeentoldCarol:Oh…Didyoutryit?Paul:Oh,yes!Youknowwhat?We_________lateforsupperthatday,andsowejustatewhateverwasleftintheuniversitycanteen.We___________ourmealbeforewelearntwe_____just______haggis!Carol:Mygoodness!Paul:Well,itwasnotbad.Ihavetosay…arrive,cancel,eat,finish,get,taste,tellarrivedhadfinishedhadeaten2.Carol:WhenIgottotheteahouseyesterday,Ifoundnobodythere._____it______________?

Paul:Oh,I’msosorrythatIforgottotellyou!Theget-togetherwascancelledyesterdaymorningbecauseSally,thehostess,___________intoacaraccident.

Carol:Oh,I’msorrytohearthat.HopeSallyrecoverssoon!Hadbeencancelledhadgotarrive,cancel,eat,finish,get,taste,tell構(gòu)成用法主動語態(tài)haddone過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完