theholocaust

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馮選麗02鄭舒017周婷019第一頁，共42頁。TheNaziholocaustisnationalcleaning(genocide)thataimedatkillallJewsinNaziGermanyinthesecondworldwar.Theholocaustinworldwaristhemostfamousholocaustinwhichmorethan6millionJewswerekilledbyvariousofwaysincludingshot,deliberatelyfreezing,deliberatelystarvetodeathandpoisongas,etc.Theword"Holocaust"isfromtheGreekandmeansusingfiresacrifice.第二頁，共42頁。TheHolocaust◆AdolfHitler

◆TheNaziParty

◆Kristallnacht

◆ThereasonoftheHolocaust◆TheprocessoftheHolocaust◆ThewaysoftheHolocaust◆NaziConcentrationcamp

◆TheinfluenceoftheHolocaust第三頁，共42頁。Photocredit:USHMMPhotoArchives

Photocredit:NationalArchives,

courtesyofUSHMMPhotoArchives

courtesyofUSHMMPhotoArchivesAdolfHitler第四頁，共42頁。AdolfHitler(1889-1945)wasthefounderandleaderoftheNaziPartyandthemostinfluentialvoiceintheorganization,implementationandexecutionoftheHolocaust,thesystematicextermination(根除(gēnchú)；滅絕）andethniccleansingofsixmillionEuropeanJewsandmillionsofothernon-aryans.（非雅利安人）In1933,hebecameChancellorofGermanyandthecountrybecameaone-partystate.HitlerwastheHeadofState,SupremeCommanderoftheArmedForcesandguidingspirit,orfuhrer,ofGermany'sThirdReichfrom1933to1945第五頁，共42頁。RiseoftheNaziPartycourtesyofUSHMMPhotoArchives

Hitler’sPromisesBetterlifeGermanygreat nationRacialpurityHitlerYouthParadeHitlerYouthmarchthroughNuremberg,GermanypastNaziofficials.第六頁，共42頁。Emblem（徽章(huīzhāng)）oftheNaziPartytheNaziPartyNaziParty：NationalSocialistGermanWorkers’Party

politicalpartyofthemassmovementknownasNationalSocialism.UndertheleadershipofAdolfHitler,thepartycametopowerinGermanyin1933andgovernedbytotalitarianmethodsuntil1945第七頁，共42頁。第八頁，共42頁。Photocredits:HauptstaatsarchivStuttgart,courtesyofUSHMMPhotoArchivesKristallnacht“TheNightOfBrokenGlass”第九頁，共42頁。Kristallnacht(1938)OnNovember9—10，1938,JewishminorHerschelGrünspanassassinatedNaziGermandiplomatErnstvomRathinParis.ThisincidentwasusedbytheNazisasapretexttogobeyondlegalrepressiontolarge-scalephysicalviolenceagainstJewishGermans.JewswereattackedandJewishpropertywasvandalized,over7,000Jewishshopsandmorethan1,200synagogues(roughlytwo-thirdsofthesynagoguesinareasunderGermancontrol)weredamagedordestroyed.Afterthesepogroms,JewishemigrationfromGermanyaccelerated,whilepublicJewishlifeinGermanyceasedtoexist.第十頁，共42頁?！癥ouhavenorighttoliveamongusasJews.”第十一頁，共42頁。ThereasonoftheHolocaust

ThereasonoftheHolocaustismainlytheracism.Hitlerisanextremeracistandananti-Semitic.HeregardedJewsastherootofallevilandtherootofalldisastersandthedestroyerofhumanlifeorder.TheNaziPartythinktheGermannationisthemostexcellentpeople,sotheymadeanti-Semitismamajorplank

ofitspoliticalplatform.第十二頁，共42頁。TheprocessoftheHolocaustTheNazionslaught(攻擊(gōngjī))ontheJewscanbedividedintotwomainphases:Ⅰ.FromHitler’saccessiontopowerin1933untilabout1941.InthisphasestheaimistomakeGermanyfreeofJews.Ⅱ.From1941totheendofwarin1945.ThisphaseoftheNazionslaughtontheJewswasevenmoreextreme,andincludethenotorious(臭名昭著的)“FinalSolution”.第十三頁，共42頁。ThewaysoftheHolocaustThegenocideoftheJewswasaffectedintwomainways.First,specialmobileunitsfollowedtheadvancingGermanarmiesandshotalltheJewstheycouldfind.Second,Jewswereherdedintocampswheretheywereeitherworkedtodeath,starvedorgassed.第十四頁，共42頁。第十五頁，共42頁。NaziConcentrationcampBergen-Belsen(貝爾艮-貝爾森集中營)Sachsenhausen(薩克森豪森集中營)Dachau(達(dá)豪集中營)Auschwitz(奧斯維辛集中營)第十六頁，共42頁。Auschwitz(奧斯維辛集中營)奧斯威辛集中營是納粹德國在二戰(zhàn)期間修建的最大的集中營，始建于１９４０年４月，是距波蘭首都華沙３００多公里的奧斯威辛市附近大小４０多個(gè)集中營的總稱。德國納粹在這里監(jiān)禁過數(shù)百萬人，并屠殺了其中(qízhōng)的１１０多萬人，受害者絕大部分是猶太人。１９４５年１月２７日，蘇聯(lián)紅軍解放了奧斯威辛集中營，７０００名幸存者獲得了新生。第十七頁，共42頁。Bergen-Belsen(貝爾艮-貝爾森集中營)貝爾根·貝爾森集中營（Bergen-Belsen），又稱貝爾森。納粹德國集中營，在距漢諾威州采勒（當(dāng)時(shí)屬普魯士）西北16千米處的貝爾根和貝爾森兩村附近(fùjìn)。1943年7月建立，部分為戰(zhàn)俘營，部分為猶太人轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)營。設(shè)計(jì)容量為1萬人，但在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束時(shí)，關(guān)押達(dá)4．1萬人。這個(gè)集中營雖然沒有毒氣室，但死于饑餓、疾病、過度勞累以及骯臟的生活環(huán)境者達(dá)3．7萬人之多。納粹用推土機(jī)將尸體推人萬人坑掩埋。第十八頁，共42頁。AwagonpiledhighwithcorpsesoutsidethecrematoriumintheliberatedBuchenwaldconcentrationcamp(April1945)第十九頁，共42頁。FamilybeingforcedintoGhettos(猶太人區(qū)）第二十頁，共42頁。Peoplebeing“resettled”toConcentrationCamps第二十一頁，共42頁。Prisonersarrivingatthecamps…第二十二頁，共42頁。TheinfluenceoftheHolocaustTheNazismurderedaroundsixmillionJews,totallydestroyingthegreatJewishcommunitiesofGermanyandofcentralandeasternEurope.ThecenterofJewishculturemovedfromEuropetoIsraelandtheUSA.Thus,theHolocaustwasapivotal(關(guān)鍵(guānjiàn)的）elementoftwentieth-centuryJewishhistoryandhaveaprofoundimpactonJewishlifeandthought.第二十三頁，共42頁。EntrancetoAuschwitz“Workwillsetyoufree”第二十四頁，共42頁。第二十五頁，共42頁。CrowdedConditions第二十六頁，共42頁。第二十七頁，共42頁。Photocredit:GermanNationalArchives

第二十八頁，共42頁。Eventheveryyoung…第二十九頁，共42頁。ResistanceRighteousAmongtheNationsOskarSchindlerRaoulWallenbergVarianFryWallenbergSchindlerFry第三十頁，共42頁。GroupportraitofaresistanceunitResistanceFighters第三十一頁，共42頁。LiberatedRussianchildrencheer/Dachau第三十二頁，共42頁。KindertransportLocalSurvivor第