課前回顧LearningobjectivesInthisclass,youareexpectedtobeableto:一、什么是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)？二、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成形式；三、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與狀語從句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換；四、with/without+復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)常見類型及其用法。

It

is

raining.Istayathome.1，用連詞造一個(gè)并列句2，用連詞造一個(gè)復(fù)合句3，不使用連詞LeadinIt

is

raining,andIstayathome.It

is

raining,soIstayathome.非謂語Who:JohnSnowHisac+hievement:DefeatcholeraWhenJohnSnowdefeatedcholera,hefeltrelievedandexcited.

cholera,JohnSnowfeltrelievedandexcited.Cholera

,JohnSnowfeltrelievedandexcited.Defeatingdefeated非謂語獨(dú)立主格獨(dú)立主格是非謂語嗎？非謂語中的主語和主句中的主語是一致的，但是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)卻和主句主語不一樣，因此是獨(dú)立的主格。再看一下它們的區(qū)別What:aBritishmapTheredpart:EnglandNowwhenpeoplerefertoEngland,theymeanWalesincludedaswell.

Englandnow,peoplemeanWalesincludedaswell.England

now,peoplefindWalesincludedaswell.ReferringtoreferredtoTheyellowpart:Wales獨(dú)立主格有什么特點(diǎn)？一、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成由一個(gè)相當(dāng)于主語的名詞或代詞加上非謂語動(dòng)詞、形容詞（副）詞、名詞或介詞短語構(gòu)成的一種獨(dú)立成分。ThegeographyoftheUK

(puzzle)me,Iwenttothelibrarytolookuprelateddata（資料）.1、邏輯主語+V-ingpuzzling二、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成形式：Theclasses_______(be)

over,studentswentoutoftheclassroom.二、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成形式：beingTheclassesover,1、邏輯主語+V-ing注意在下列兩種情況下，獨(dú)立主格中的being不能省略。(1)獨(dú)立主格的邏輯主語是代詞時(shí)。(2)Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中。ItwasSunday,thelibrarydidn'topen.二、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成形式：being(TrueorFalse)1、邏輯主語+V-ingThere

nobuses,Ihadtowalktoabookstore.二、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成形式：being1、邏輯主語+V-ing2、邏輯主語+V-ed

Britishhistory(study)，wehaveabetterunderstandingofitsgeography.FinallyNorthernIrelandwasjoinedtotheGreatBritain,

theUKcameintobeing.studied(TrueorFalse)二、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成形式：2、邏輯主語+V-ed

二、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成形式：England

(divide)

roughlyintothreeparts,itisconvenientforustoknowaboutit.England

_

(invade)byfoursetsofinvaders,evidencecanbefoundaroundtheBritishcountryside.dividedinvaded3、邏輯主語+形容詞,該結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)未帶動(dòng)詞的“主—系—表”結(jié)構(gòu)。

二、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成形式：Somanyplacesofinterestin

London

，manyvisitorsareattractedtoLondoneveryyear.

beautiful4、邏輯主語+副詞,該結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)未帶動(dòng)詞的“主—系—表”結(jié)構(gòu)。

二、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成形式：ThelightsofLondon

,Londonseemsmorebeautiful.

on5、邏輯主語+介賓結(jié)構(gòu),該結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)未帶動(dòng)詞的“主—系—表”結(jié)構(gòu)。

,youcantravelaroundLondonmoreconveniently.MapinhandAmapinyourhand二、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成形式：6.邏輯主語+名詞。

二、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成形式：EveryyeartherearemanyvisitorstoLondon，mostof

areChinese.

，mostof

Chinese.

，andmostof

areChinese.

；mostof

areChinese.A.themB.whoC.whomD.\AAAc解題技巧：一般逗號(comma)不連接兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子，但分號(semicolon)、破折號(dash)可以！7.邏輯主語+不定式,不定式表示未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或發(fā)生在句子謂語動(dòng)作之后。

二、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成形式：Theguide

(lead)theway,wewon'tworry

aboutoursafetyinBritain.tolead三、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)：n./pron.+v.-ingv.-edtodoadv.介賓結(jié)構(gòu)n.結(jié)構(gòu)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)是一個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子嗎？是一個(gè)從句嗎？前可以有and、but、or等連詞嗎？前可以有when、what、why等從句連接詞嗎？NoNoNoNoadj.1、沒有連詞和謂語，但有自己的主語，它內(nèi)部的動(dòng)詞不能考慮其時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化;2、獨(dú)立主格和主句用逗號隔開，可放在句首，也可放在句尾3、在句子中作狀語（表示謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間、原因、條件、行為方式或伴隨情況等）Summary:4.通常用于書面語，文藝三、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在整句中可作以下成分：1、原因狀語該結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作原因狀語時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語從句。ItbeingSunday,thelibrarydidn'topen.AsitwasSunday,thelibrarydidn'topen.Therebeingnobuses,Ihadtowalktoabookstore.Becausetherewerenobuses,Ihadtowalktoabookstore.2、時(shí)間狀語獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作時(shí)間狀語時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)由when,assoonas,after等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。Choleradefeated,JohnSnowfeltrelievedandexcitedWhencholerawas

defeated,JohnSnowfeltrelievedandexcited三、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在整句中可作以下成分：3、條件狀語獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作條件狀語時(shí)可以改為由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。Theguidetoleadtheway,wewon'tworryaboutoursafetyinBritain.Iftheguideleadstheway,wewon'tworryaboutoursafetyinBritain.4、伴隨狀語獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作伴隨狀語時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)介詞短語或并列謂語。Amapinyourhand,youcantravelaroundLondonmoreconveniently.Withamapinyourhand,youcantravelaroundLondon

moreconveniently.

四、with+復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)常見類型及其用法with+復(fù)合賓語”結(jié)構(gòu):是指“with+賓語（名詞或代詞）+形容詞或副詞、非謂語動(dòng)詞（分詞、不定式）等”所構(gòu)成的一種介詞短語。n./pron.+v.-ingv.-edtodoadj.介賓結(jié)構(gòu)n.with+adv.with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的例子with+名詞/代詞+介詞短語Hediedwithhisdaughteryet

aschoolgirl.Withtheguide

(lead)theway,wehadnotroublefindingthevillage.Withtheguide

(lead)theway,we'llhavenotroublefindingthevillage.Withsomuchhomework

(do),Idon'thavetimetoplaybasketball.Withalotofthings

(fill)hismind,hedidn'tnoticemecomein.Withhismind

(fill)withalotofthings,hedidn'tnoticemecomein.leadingtoleadtodo

fillingfilledExercisewith復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中可以作以下幾種成分：一、原因狀語Withthemachine

(work)allthetime,wefinishedharvestingcropsintime.二、時(shí)間狀語Withhiswork________(finish),thesecretarybegantowalkhome.三、伴隨狀語Shelefttheofficeswithtears________.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands_________(tie).四、后置定語Doyouknowtheman______abookinhishand?workingfinishedinhereyestiedbehindwith

五、其他形式的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)Therebeing/Itbeing+名詞、代詞Summary:獨(dú)立主格的類型1，邏輯主語+非謂語動(dòng)詞(todo/doing/done)2，邏輯主語+(being)+表語(adj/adv/n/介詞短語)3，with/without+復(fù)合賓語4，Therebeing/Itbeing+名詞、代詞

ExerciseExercise1.Moretime______,weshouldhavedoneitmuchbetter. A．giving B．gives C．given D．gave2._____thelightsoff,theywouldn'tgoonwiththework. A．With B．Until C．Because D．As3.Theyliveinabeautifulvillage,withmanytreesandflowers_____it.A．surrounded B．surrounds C．surrounding D．tosurroundCACExercise4.Frankwentbackhome,_____tostudymuchharderthanbefore. A．withhismindmakingup B．hismindmakingup C．withhismindmadeup D．hismindbeingmadeup5.Theweatherhereisgreat,withtemperatures_____fromalowof55?Ftoahighof75?Finthesummer. A．range B．ranged C．torang D．ranging6.Withthevillagers_____theway,ourtroopsgottothepositionintime. A．leading B．wereleading C．led D．beingledADAExercise7.

Hedivedintothewaterwithonlyhisface_____.A．exposed

B．exposing

C．beingexposed D．tobeexposed8._____ofdangerinthestreetatnight,shehadtogohome,withafriend_____her. A．Warned;accompanied B．Havingbeenwarned;accompanying C．Havingwarned;accompanied D．Warning;accompanyingABExercise9.

Dickenswrotealotofnovels,manyofthem_____intofilms. A．made

B．weremade C．havebeenmade D．hadbeenmade10.

Allflights_____becauseofthesnow-storm,manypassengerscoulddonothingbuttakethetrain. A．werecanceled

B．havingbeencanceled C．hadbeencanceled D．h