考研英語主講老師：義中并不提供試題答案，故還請認(rèn)真聽課，并適當(dāng)做筆記祝大家學(xué)習(xí)愉快！一、閱讀理解部分大綱解二 2010T1的藝術(shù)品市 T2夫妻交T3對于消費(fèi)習(xí)慣的引 T4陪審團(tuán)制度發(fā)2011T1外部董 T2后的報(bào)T3二戰(zhàn)后住房風(fēng)格的發(fā) T4歐盟困2012T1家庭作業(yè)T2商業(yè)對人們顏色觀念的影T3是否應(yīng)該得到專 T4經(jīng)濟(jì)對的影2013T1技術(shù)進(jìn)步與勞動力關(guān) T2問 于大多數(shù)非英語考生而言，在閱讀外國嚴(yán)肅時(shí)，他們的理解程度僅限于讀懂文章的三、常見題型a）accordingb）because d）except題a）mainideab）besttitle含義題a)詞匯 四、考研閱讀與大cet-4cet-6的不五、考生面前的三座大山 解題思路&學(xué)習(xí)例：2010TextOfallthechangesthathavetakenceinEnglish-languagenewspapersduringthepastquarter-century,perhapsthemostfar-reachinghasbeentheinexorabledeclineinthescopeandseriousnessoftheirartscoverage.Itisdifficulttothepointofimpossibilityfortheaveragereaderundertheageoffortytoimagineatimewhenhigh-qualityartscriticismcouldbefoundinmostbig-citynewspapers.Yetaconsiderablenumberofthemostsignificantcollectionsofcriticismpublishedinthe20thcenturyconsistedinlargepartofnewspaperreviews.Toreadsuchbookstodayistomarvelatthefactthattheirlearnedcontentswereoncedeemedsuitableforpublicationingeneral-circulationWeareevenfartherremovedfromtheunfocusednewspaperreviewspublishedinEnglandbetweentheturnofthe20thcenturyandtheeveofWorldWarII,atatimewhennewsprintwasdirt-cheapandstylishartscriticismwasconsideredanornamenttothepublicationsinwhichitappeared.Inthosefar-offdays,itwastakenforgrantedthatthecriticsofmajorpaperswouldwriteindetailandatlengthabouttheeventstheycovered.Theirswasaseriousbusiness,andeventhosereviewerswhoworetheirlearninglightly,likeGeorgeBernardShawandErnest,couldbetrustedtoknowwhattheywereabout.Thesemenbelievedinjournalismasacalling,andwereproudtobepublishedinthedailypress.“Sofewauthorshavebrainsenoughorlirygiftenoughtokeeptheirownendupinjournalism,”wrote,“thatIamtemptedtodefine‘journalism’as‘a(chǎn)termofcontemptappliedbywriterswhoarenotreadtowriterswhoare.’”Unfortunay,thesecriticsarevirtuallyforgotten.NevilleCardus,whowrotefortheManchesterGuardianfrom1917untilshortlybeforehisdeathin1975,isnowknownsolelyasawriterofessaysonthegameofcricket.Duringhislifetime,though,hewasalsooneofEngland’sforemostclassical-musiccritics,astylistsowidelyadmiredthathisAutobiography(1947)becameabest-seller.Hewasknightedin1967,thefirstmusiccritictobesohonored.Yetonlyoneofhisbooksisnowinprint,andhisvastbodyofwritingsonmusicisunknownsavetospecialists.IsthereanychancethatCardus’scriticismwillenjoyarevival?Theprospectseemsremote.Journalistictasteshadchangedlongbeforehisdeath,andpostmodernreadershavelittleusefortherichlyupholsteredVicwardianproseinwhichhespecialized.Moreover,theamateurtraditioninmusiccriticismhasbeeninheadlongretreat.ItisindicatedinParagraphs1and2 artscriticismhasdisappearedfrombig-cityEnglish-languagenewspapersusedtocarrymoreartshigh-qualitynewspapersretainalargebodyofyoungreadersdoubtthesuitabilityofcriticismondailies.22.NewspaperreviewsinEnglandbeforeWorldWarIIwerecharacterizedby.[A]casualelaborateradicalWhichofthefollowingwouldShawandmostprobablyagreeItiswriters'dutytofulfilljournalisticItiscontemptibleforwriterstobeWritersarelikelytobetemptedintoNotallwritersarecapableofjournalisticWhatcanbelearnedaboutCardusaccordingtothelasttwoHismusiccriticismmaynotappealtoreadersHisreputationasamusiccritichaslongbeeninHisstylecaterslargelytomodernHiswritingsfailtofollowtheamateurWhatwouldbethebesttitlefortheNewspapersoftheGoodOldTheLostHorizoninMournfulDeclineofProminentCriticsinTextWhatwouldyoudowith590m?ThisisnowaquestionforGloriaMackenzie,an84-year-oldwidowwhorecentlyemergedfromhersmall,tin-roofedhouseinFloridatocollectthebiggestundividedlotteryjackpotinhistory.Ifshehopeshernew-foundfortunewillyieldlastingfeelingsoffulfillment,shecoulddoworsethanreadHappyMoneybyElizabethDumnandMichaelNorton.Thesetwoacademicsuseanarrayofbehavioralresearchtoshowthatthemostrewardingwaystospendmoneycanbecounterintuitive.Fantasiesofgreatwealthofteninvolvevisionsoffancycarsandextravaganthomes.Yetsatisfactionwiththesematerialpurchaseswearsofffairlyquicklywhatwasonceexcitingandnewesold-hat;regretcreepsin.Itisfarbettertospendmoneyonexperiences,sayMsDumnandMr.Norton,likeinterestingtrips,uniquemealsorevengoingtothecinema.Thesepurchasesoftenemorevaluablewithtime-asstoriesormemories-particularlyiftheyinvolvefeelingmoreconnectedtoThisslimvolumeispackedwithtipstohelpwageslavesaswellaslotterywinnersgetthemost"happinessbangforyourbuck."Itseemsmostpeoplewouldbebetteroffiftheycouldshortentheircommutestowork,spendmoretimewithfriendsandfamilyandlessofitwatchingevision(somethingtheaverageAmericanspendsawhoptwomonthsayearng,andishardlyjollierforBuyinggiftsorgivingtocharityisoftenmorepleasurablethanpurchasingthingsforoneself,andluxuriesaremostenjoyablewhentheyareconsumedofitspopularMcRib-amarketingtrickthathasturnedtheporksandwichintoanobjectofobsession.Readersof“HappyMoney”areclearlyaprivilegedlot,anxiousaboutfulfillment,nothunger.Moneymaynotquitebuyhappiness,butpeopleinwealthiercountriesaregenerallyhappierthanthoseinpoorones.Yetthelinkbetweenfeelinggoodandspendingmoneyonotherscanbeseenamongrichandpoorpeoplearoundtheworld,andscarcityenhancesthepleasureofmostthingsformostpeople.Noteveryonewillagreewiththeauthors’ideas,whichrangefrommandatingmoreholidaytimetoreducingtaxincentivesforAmericanhomebuyers.Butmostpeoplewillcomeawayfromthisbookbelievingitwasmoneywellspent.AccordingtoDumnandNorton,whichofthefollowingisthemostrewardingAbig [B]Aspecial[C]Astylish [D]ArichTheauthor’sattitudetowardAmericans’watchingTV [B][C] [D]Macribismentionedinparagraph3toshow consumersaresometimespopularityusuallycomesaftermarketingtricksareafterraritygenerallyincreasesAccordingtothelast hasleftmuchroomformayprovetobeaworthwhilehaspredicteda egapinthemaygiveitsreadersasenseofThistextmainlydiscusseshow balancefeelinggoodandspendingspendlargesumsofmoneywoninobtainlastingsatisfactionfrommoneyemorereasonableinspendingonButit’sinterestingtowonderiftheimagesweseeeveryweekof,happiness-enhancingparenthoodaren’tinsomesmall,subconsciouswaycontributingtoourowndissatisfactionswiththeactualexperience,inthesamewaythatasmallpartofushopedgetting“theRachel”mightmakeuslookjustalittlebitlikeJenniferAniston.Itisdifficulttothepointofimpossibilityfortheaveragereaderundertheageoffortytoimagineatimewhenhigh-qualityartscriticismcouldbefoundinmostbig-citynewspapers.Iwonderif,bywayofsimilarextraordinaryfactsthatIcannotpredict,ImayfeelmoreathomeinEuropethanonmydeeplylovedstretchesoflandintheUnitedStates.soanawarenessofabuseof“youknow”inpublicforumsmakesusbetter“Now…this”isaphrasecommonlyusedonevisionnewscaststoindicatethatwhatonehasjustheardorseenhasnorelevancetowhatoneisabouttohearorseeorpossiblytoanythingoneiseverlikelytohearorsee.ThefamiliarandreassuringkindsofwrittenationfoundinEuropeansocietiesofequivalentchronologicalperiodsdonotexist,andtheformsoftribalrecordpreservationavailable---oralhistory,tales,mnemonicdevices,andreligiousrituals---strikeuniversity-trainedacademicsasinexact,unreliable,and.ThebeliefthatitisharmfultotheBlackcommunityforauthorstoexplorethehumanityofourleaderscanhavetroublingeffects.Thatnineteenth-centuryFrenchnovelistBalzaccouldbefinanciallywiseinhisfictionwhilelosingallhismoneyinlifewasanironyduplicatedinotherForinstance,theverywomenwhohadbeendrawntohimbythepenetratingintuitionofthefemaleheartthatheshowedinhisnovelswereappalledtodiscoverhowinsensitiveandawkwardtherealmancouldbe.YetVanMeegerenwasexposednotbecauseheceasedtofoolpeople,becausehewasdtoprovehimselfaforgerinordertoclearhimselfofthemoreseriouschargeofhavingsoldanationaltreasureillegally.2010年(2010年TextThelongestbullruninacenturyofart-markethistoryendedonadramaticnotewithasaleof56worksbyDamienHirst,BeautifulInsideMyHeadForever,atSotheby’sinLondononSeptember15th2008.Allbuttwopiecessold,fetchingmorethan￡70m,arecordforasalebyasingle.Itwasalastvictory.Astheauctioneercalledoutbids,inNewYorkoneoftheoldestbanksonWallStreet,LehmanBrothers,filedforbankruptcy.Theworldartmarkethadalreadybeenlosingmomentumforawhileafterrisingbewilderinglysince2003.Atitspeakin2007itwasworthsome$65billion,reckonsClareMcAndrew,founderofArtsEconomics,aresearchfirm—doublesthefigurefiveyearsearlier.Sincethenitmayhavecomedownto$50billion.Butthemarketgeneratesinterestfarbeyonditssizebecauseitbringstogethergreatwealth,enormousegos,greed,passionandcontroversyinawaymatchedbyfewotherindustries.IntheweeksandmonthsthatfollowedMr.Hirst’ssale,spendingofanysortbecamedeeplyunfashionable.Intheartworldthatmeantcollectorsstayedawayfromgalleriesandsalerooms.Salesofcontemporaryartfellbytwo-thirds,andinthemostoverheatedsector,theyweredownbynearly90%intheyeartoNovember2008.Withinweekstheworld’stwobiggestauctionhouses,Sotheby’sandChristie’s,hadtopayoutnearly$200minguaranteestoswhohadcedworksforsalewiththem.ThecurrentdownturnintheartmarketistheworstsincetheJapanesestoppedbuyingImpressionistsattheendof1989.Thistimeexpertsreckonthatpricesareabout40%downontheirpeakonaverage,thoughsomehavebeenfarmorefluctuant.ButEdwardDolman,Christie’schiefexecutive,says:"I’mprettyconfidentwe’reatthebottom.”Whatmakesthisslumpdifferentfromthelast,hesays,isthattherearestillbuyersinthemarket.Almosteveryonewhowasinterviewedforthisspecialreportsaidthatthebiggestproblematthemomentisnotalackofdemandbutalackofgoodworktosell.ThethreeDs—death,debtanddivorce-stilldeliverworksofarttothemarket.Butanyonewhodoesnothavetoselliskeeaway,waitingforconfidencetoreturn. 21.在第一段中，DamienHirst作品的被。A.theartmarkethadwitnessedsuccessionofB.theauctioneerfinallygotthepiecesatthehighestC.BeautifulInsideMyHeadForeveroverallD.itwassuccessfullymadejusttheworldfinancialdeeplyunfashionable”(Line1-3)，theauthorsuggests 宜”(第三段的1～2行)，作者暗 A.collectorswerenolongerinvolvedinart-marketB.peoplestoppedeverykindofandstayedawayfromappealtoagreatfashionsotheywerenotworth23．WhichofthefollowingstatementsNOTA.Salesofcontemporaryartdramaticallyfrom2007toB.TheartmarketsurpassedmanyindustriesinC.TheanmarketgenerallywentinvariousD.Someartdealerswereawaitingchancesto24．ThethreeDsmentionedintheparagraph 24.最后一段提到的3因素 A.auctionB.contemporaryB.C.factorspromotingartworkD.stylesrepresenting25.Themostappropriatetitlethistextcould 25.最適合本文的題目可能 A.FluctuationofArtB.Up-to-dateArtB.藝術(shù)品拍C.ArtMarketinD.ShiftedInterestin(2010年TextIwasaddressingasmallgatheringinasuburbanVirginialivingroom—awomen’sgroupthathadinvitedmentojointhem.Throughouttheevening,onemanhadbeenparticularlytalkative,frequentlyofferingideasandanecdotes,whilehiswifesatsilentlybesidehimonthecouch.Towardtheendoftheevening,Icommentedthatwomenfrequentlycominthattheirhusbandsdon’ttalktothem.Thismanquicklynoddedinagreement.Hegesturedtowardhiswifeandsaid,"She’sthetalkerinourfamily."Theroomburstintolaughter;themanlookedpuzzledandhurt."It’strue,"heexined."WhenIcomehomefromworkIhavenothingtosay.Ifshedidn’tkeeptheconversationgoing,we’dspendthewholeeveninginsilence."ThisepisodecrystallizestheironythatalthoughAmericanmentendtotalkmorethanwomeninpublicsituations,theyoftentalklessathome.Andthispatterniswreakinghavocwithmarriage.ThepatternwasobservedbypoliticalscientistAndrewHackerinthelate1970s.SociologistCatherineKohlerRiessmanreportsinhernewbookDivorceTalkthatmostofthewomensheinterviewed—butonlyafewofthemen—gavelackofcommunicationasthereasonfortheirdivorces.Giventhecurrentdivorcerateofnearly50percent,thatamountstomillionsofcasesintheUnitedStateseveryyear—avirtualepidemicoffailedconversation.Inmyownresearch,comintsfromwomenabouttheirhusbandsmostoftenfocusednotontangibleinequitiessuchashavinggivenupthechanceforacareer panyahusbandtohis,orngfarmorethantheirshareofdailylife-supportworklikecleaning,cookingandsocialarrangements.Instead,theyfocusedoncommunication:"Hedoesn’tlistentome.""Hedoesn’ttalktome."Ifound,asHackerobservedyearsbefore,thatmostwiveswanttheirhusbandstobe,firstandforemost,conversationalpartners,butfewhusbandssharethisexpectationoftheirwives.Inshort,theimagethatbestrepresentsthecurrentcrisisisthestereotypicalcartoonsceneofamansittingatthebreakfasttablewithanewspaperheldupinfrontofhisface,whileawomanglaresatthebackofit,wantingtotalk.26．Whatismostwives’mainoftheirA.TalkingtoB.TrustingB.C.SupportingtheirD.Sharing27.Judgingfromthecontext,the“wreakinghavoc”(Line2)moatprobably A.generatingA.B.exertingB.C.causingC.D.creatingD.28.Allofthefollowingaretrue..A.mentendtotalkmoreinpubliccausedbyfailedC.womenattachmuchimportancecommunicationbetweenD.afemaletendstobemoretalkativehomethanher29.WhichofthefollowingcansummarizethemainideaofthisA.ThemoraldecayingdeservesresearchbyB.Marriagebreak-upstemsC.HusbandandwifehaveexpectationsfromtheirD.Conversationalpatternsbetweenandwifeare30Inthistext，beauthorwillmostfocus A.avividaccountofthenewDivorceB.adetaileddescriptionofstereotypicalC.otherpossiblereasonsforadivorcerateintheU.D.abriefintroductiontothescientistAndrew（2010Textbehaviors-habits—amongconsumers.Thesehabitshavehelpedcompaniesearnbillionsofdollarswhencustomerseatsnacksorwipecountersalmostwithoutthinking,ofteninresponsetoacarefullydesignedsetofdailycues."Therearefundamentalpublichealthproblems,likedirtyhandsinsteadofasoaphabit,thatremainkillersonlybecausewecan’tfigureouthowtochangepeople’shabits,"saidDr.Curtis,thedirectoroftheHygieneCenterattheLondonSchoolofHygiene&TropicalMedicine."Wewantedtolearnfromprivateindustryhowtocreatenewbehaviorsthathappenautomatically."ThecompaniesthatDr.Curtisturnedto—Procter&Gamble,Colgate-PalmoliveandUnilever—hadinvestedhundredsofmillionsofdollarsfindingthesubtlecuesinconsumers’livesthatcorporationscouldusetointroducenewroutines.Ifyoulookhardenough,you’llfindthatmanyoftheproductsweuseeverypurifiers,healthsnacks,teethwhiteners,fabricsofteners,vitamins—areresultsofmanufacturedhabits.Acenturyago,fewpeopleregularlybrushedtheirteethmultipletimesaday.Today,becauseofshrewdadvertisingandpublichealthns,manyAmericanshabituallygivetheirpearlywhitesa-Afewdecadesago,manypeopledidn’tdrinkwateroutsideofameal.Thenbeveragecompaniesstartedbottlingtheproductionoffar-offsprings,andnowofficeworkersunthinkinglysipbottledwateralldaylong.Chewinggum,onceboughtprimarilybyadolescentboys,isnowfeaturedincommercialsasabreathfreshenerandteethcleanserforuseafterameal.Skinmoisturizersareadvertisedaspartofmorningbeautyrituals,slippedinbetweenhairbrushingandputtingonmakeup."Ourproductssucceedwhentheyepartofdailyorweeklypatterns,"saidCarolBerning,aconsumerpsychologistwhorecentlyretiredfromProcter&Gamble,thethatsold$76billionofTide,Crestandotherproductslives,andit’sessentialtomakingnewproductscommerciallyviable.havelearnedthatthereispowerintyingcertainbehaviorstohabitualcuesthroughruthlessadvertising.Asthisnewscienceofhabithasemerged,controversieshaveeruptedwhenthetacticshavebeenusedtosellquestionablebeautycreamsorunhealthyfoods.31．AccordingtoDr.Curtis，habitslikehandwashingwithsoap 31.根據(jù)Curtis博士的觀點(diǎn)，用肥皂洗手這 A.shouldbefurtherB.shouldbechangedC.aredeeplyrootedinD.arebasicallyprivate32.Bottledwater,chewinggumandskinsoas A.revealtheirimpactonB.showtheurgentneedofC.indicatetheireffectonbuyingD.manifestthesignificantroleoftoproductsthathelpcreateA.A.B.B.C.C.D.D.34．Fromthetextweknowthatsomeconsumers’habitsaredevelopeddue. A.perfectedartofB.automaticbehaviorC.commercialC.促D.scientificD.35．Theauthor’sattitudetowardinfluenceofadvertisementonhabits A.A.B.B.C.C.D.D.(2010TextManyAmericansregardthejurysystemasaconcreteexpressionofcrucialdemocraticvalues,includingtheprinciplesthatallcitizenswhomeetminimalqualificationsofageandlicyareequallycompetenttoserveonjuries;thatjurorsshouldbeselectedrandomlyfromarepresentativecrosssectionofthecommunity;thatnocitizenshouldbedeniedtherighttoserveonajuryonaccountofrace,religion,,ornationalorigin;thatdefendantsareentitledtotrialbytheirpeers;andthatverdictsshouldrepresenttheconscienceofthecommunityandnotjusttheletterofthelaw.Thejuryisalsosaidtobethebestsurvivingexampleofdirectratherthanrepresentativedemocracy.Inadirectdemocracy,citizenstaketurnserningthemselves,ratherthanelectingrepresentativestoernforthem.Butasrecentlyasin1968,juryselectionproceduresedwiththesedemocraticideals.Insomestates,forexample,jurydutywaslimitedtosofsupposedlysuperiorinligence,education,andmoralcharacter.AlthoughtheSupremeCourtoftheUnitedStateshadprohibitedintentionalracialdiscriminationinjuryselectionasearlyasthe1880caseofStrauderv.WestVirginia,thepracticeofselectingso-calledeliteorblue-ribbonjuriesprovidedaconvenientwayaroundthisandotheranti-discriminationlaws.Thesystemalsofailedtoregularlyincludewomenonjuriesuntilthemid-20thcentury.AlthoughwomenfirstservedonstatejuriesinUtahin1895,itwasnotuntilthe1940sthatamajorityofstatesmadewomeneligibleforjuryduty.Eventhenseveralstatesautomaticallyexemptedwomenfromjurydutyunlesstheyallyaskedtohavetheirnamesincludedonthejurylist.Thispracticewasjustifiedbytheclaimthatwomenwereneededathome,anditkeptjuriesunrepresentativeofwomenthroughthe1960s.In1965,theCongressoftheUnitedStatespassedtheJurySelectionandServiceAct,usheringinaneweraofdemocraticreformsforthejury.Thislawabolishedspecialeducationalrequirementsforfederaljurorsandrequiredthemtobeselectedatrandomfromacrosssectionoftheentirecommunity.Inthelandmark1975decisionTaylorv.Louisiana,theSupremeCourtextendedtherequirementthatjuriesberepresentativeofallpartsofthecommunitytothestatelevel.TheTaylordecisionalsodeclareddiscriminationinjuryselectiontobeunconstitutionalandorderedstatestousethesameproceduresforselectingmaleandfemalejurors.36．FromtheprinciplesoftheU.S.system，welearn 。serveonB.defendantsayeimmunefromtrialtheir noagelimitshouldbeimposedjurythe37．Thepracticeofselectingso-表 A.theinadequacyofanti-B.theprevalentdiscriminationcertainC.theingidealsinselectionCourt38．Eveninthe1960s，womenwereseldomonthejurylistinsomestates.現(xiàn)在某些州的陪審中，因?yàn)?B.theyfellfarshortofthe39．AftertheJurySelectionandActwas discriminationinjurywasunconstitutionalandhadtobeB.educationalrequirementsbecamelessrigidintheselectionoffederalC.jurorsatthestateleveloughttoberepresentativeoftheentirecommunityD.statesoughttoconformtothefederalcourtinreformingthejurysystem40．IndiscussingtheU.S.jurysystem,thetextcenterson A.itsnatureandB.itscharacteristicsandC.itsproblemsandtheirD.itstraditionand2011年(2011TextRuthSimmonsjoinedGoldmanSachs’boardasanoutsidedirectorinJanuary2000;ayearlatershebecameofBrownUniversity.Fortherestofthedecadesheapparentlymanagedbothroleswithoutattractingmuchcriticism.Butbytheendof2009Mrs.SimmonswasunderfireforhavingsatonGoldman’scompensationcommittee;howcouldshehaveletthoseenormousbonuspayoutspassunremarked?ByFebruarythenextyearMrs.Simmonshadlefttheboard.Thepositionwasjusttakinguptoomuchtime,shesaid.Outsidedirectorsaresupposedtoserveashelpful,yetlessbiased,advisersonafirm’sboard.Havingmadetheirwealthandtheirreputationselsewhere,theypresumablyhaveenoughindependencetodisagreewiththechiefexecutive’sbeabletogiveadvicebasedonhavingweatheredtheirowncrises.TheresearchersfromOhioUniversityusedadatabasethatcoveredmorethan10,000firmsandmorethan64,000differentdirectorsbetween1989and2004.Thentheysimplycheckedwhichdirectorsstayedfromonestatementtothenext.Themostlikelyreasonfordepartingaboardwasage,sotheresearchersconcentratedonthose"surprise"disappearancesbydirectorsundertheageofwillsubsequentlyhavetorestateearningsincreasesbynearly20%.Thelikelihoodofbeingnamedinafederalclass-actionlawsuitalsoincreases,andthestockislikelytoperformworse.Theeffecttendedtobelargerforlargerfirms.Althoughacorrelationbetweenthemleavingandsubsequentbadperformanceatthefirmissuggestive,itdoesnotmeanthatsuchdirectorsarealwaysjumoffasinkingship.Oftenthey"tradeup,"leavingriskier,smallerfirmsforlargerandmorestablefirms.wascriticizedfor A.gainingexcessiveB.failingtofulfillherC.refusingtomakeC.妥Buttheresearchersbelievethatoutsidedirectorshaveaneasiertimeofavoidingablowtotheirreputationsiftheyleaveafirmbeforebadnewsbreak,evenifareviewofhistorywascriticizedfor A.gainingexcessiveB.failingtofulfillherC.refusingtomakeC.妥D.leavingtheboardintoughdirectorsaresupposedto A.generousA.的投資B.unbiasedC.sharepriceD.independentD.23．AccordingtotheresearchersfromOhioUniversity，afteranoutsidedirector’ssurprisedeparture，thefinislikelyto.。 emoreA.B.reportincreasedC.dolesswellinthestockC.在表現(xiàn)更D.performworsein24．Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatoutsidedirectors.。A.maystayfortheattractivefromtheintheC.areaccustomedtoworkintheofoutsidedirectors A.A.B.B.C.C.D.D.(2011TextWhateverhappenedtothedeathofnewspapers?Ayearagotheendseemednear.Therecessionthreatenedtoremovetheadvertisingandreadersthathadnotalreadyfledtotheinternet.NewspapersliketheSanFranciscoChroniclewerechroniclingtheirowndoom.America’sFederalTradeCommissionlaunchedaroundoftalksabouthowtosavenewspapers.Shouldthey Shouldthestatesubsidizethem?Itwillholdanothermeetingsoon.Butthediscussionsnowseemoutofdate.Inmuchoftheworldthereislittlesignofcrisis.GermanandBrazilianpapershaveshruggedofftherecession.EvenAmericannewspapers,whichinhabitthemosttroubledcorneroftheglobalindustry,havenotonlysurvivedbutoftenreturnedtoprofit.Notthe20%profitmarginsthatwereroutineafewyearsago,butprofitallthesame.Ithasnotbeenmuchfun.Manypapersstayedafloatbypushingjournalistsoverboard.TheAmericanSocietyofNewsEditorsreckonsthat13,500newsroomjobshavegonesince2007.Readersarepayingmoreforslimmerproducts.Somepapersevenhadthenervetorefusedeliverytodistantsuburbs.Yetthesedesperatemeasureshaveprovedtherightonesand,sadlyformanyjournalists,theycanbepushedfurther.Newspapersareingmorebalancedbusinesses,withahealthiermixofrevenuesfromreadersandadvertisers.Americanpapershavelongbeenhighlyunusualintheirrelianceonads.Fully87%oftheirrevenuescamefromadvertisingin2008,accordingtotheOrganizationforEconomicCooperation&Development(OECD).InJapantheproportionis35%.Notsurprisingly,Japanesenewspapersaremuchmorestable.indicatesthatnewspapers 26．作者說“Newspaperslike…their A.neglectedthesignofB.failedtogetstateC.werenotcharitableindicatesthatnewspapers 26．作者說“Newspaperslike…their A.neglectedthesignofB.failedtogetstateC.werenotcharitableD.wereinadesperate27．Somenewspapersrefuseddeliverydistantsuburbsprobably 。A.readersthreatenedtopayA.B.newspaperswantedtoreduceC.journalistsreportedlittletheseC.很D.subscribersinedaboutD.stablebecausethey A.havemoresourcesofB.havemorebalancedC.arelessdependentonD.arelessaffectedby29．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphaboutthecurrentnewspaper。A.DistinctivenessisanfeatureofofC.Foreignbureausyacrucialrolethenewspaperandfilm30．Themostappropriatetitlefortextwould 。A.AmericanNewspapers：StrugglingC.AmericanNewspapers：AD.AmericanNewspapers：AHopeless(2011WetendtothinkofthedecadesimmediayfollowingWorldWarⅡasatimeofprosperityandgrowth,withsoldiersreturninghomebythemillions,goingofftocollegeontheG.I.Billandliningupatthemarriagebureaus.Butwhenitcametotheirhouses,itwasatimeofcommonsenseandabeliefthatlesscouldtrulybemore.DuringtheDepressionandthewar,Americanshadlearnedtolivewithless,andthatrestraint,incombinationwiththepostwarconfidenceinthefuture,madesmall,efficienthousingpositivelystylish.Economicconditionwasonlyastimulusforthetrendtowardefficientliving.Thephrase"lessismore"wasactuallyfirstpopularizedbyaGerman,thearchitectLudwigMiesvanderRobe,wholikeotherpeopleassociatedwiththeBauhaus,aschoolofdesign,emigratedtotheUnitedStatesbeforeWorldWarⅡandtookuppostsatAmericanarchitectureschools.ThesedesignerscametoexertenormousinfluenceonthecourseofAmericanarchitecture,butnonemoresothanMies.Mie’ssignaturephrasemeansthatlessdecoration,properlyorganized,hasmoreimpactthanalot.Elegance,hebelieved,didnotderivefromabundance.Likeothermodernarchitects,heemployedmetal,glassandlaminatedwood—materialsthatwetakeforgrantedtodaybutthatinthe1940ssymbolizedthefuture.Mies’ssophisticatedpresentationmaskedthefactthatthespaceshedesignedweresmallandefficient,ratherthanbigandoftenempty.TheapartmentsintheeleganttowersMiesbuiltonChicago’sLakeShoreDrive,forexample,weresmaller—two-bedroomunitsunder1,000squarefeet—thanthoseintheirolderneighborsalongthecity’sGoldCoast.Buttheywerepopularbecauseoftheirairyglasswalls,theviewstheyaffordedandtheeleganceofthebuildings’detailsandproportions,thearchitecturalequivalentoftheartsopopularatthetime.Thetrendtoward"less"wasnotentirelyforeign.Inthe1930sFrankLloydWrightstartedbuildingmoremodestandefficienthouses—usuallyaround200squarefeet—thanthespreadingtwo-storyoneshehaddesignedinthe1890sandtheearly20thcentury.31．ThepostwarAmericanhousingThe"CaseStudyHouses"commissionedfromtalentedmodernarchitectsbyCaliforniaArts&Architecturemagazinebetween1945and1962wereyetanotherhomegrowninfluenceonthe"lessismore"trend.Aestheticeffectcamefromthelandscape,newmaterialsandforthrightdetailing.InhisCaseStudyHouse,31．ThepostwarAmericanhousinglargelyreflectedthe 了人 A.prosperityandA.B.efficiencyandB.C.restraintandC.D.prideandD.fromParagraph3abouttheA.ItwasfoundedbyLudwigMiesvanA.LudwigMiesvanderRoheB.ItsdesigningconceptwasaffectedWorldWarC.MostAmericanarchitectsusedtoassociatedwith33．Miesheldthatelegancearchitectural A.wasrelatedtolargeB.wasidentifiedwithB.D.wasnotassociatedwithD.A.TheyignoreddetailsandatthatC.TheyweremorespaciousneighboringD.Theysharedsomecharacteristicsthe“CaseStudy35.CaseStudyHouseA.Mechanicaldeviceswerewidely(2011年TextWilltheEuropeanUnionmakeit?Thequestionwouldhavesoundedstrangenotlongago.Noweventheproject’sgreatestcheerleader’stalkofacontinentfacinga"Bermudatriangle"ofdebt,populationdeclineandlowergrowth.Aswellasthosechronicproblems,theEUfacesanacutecrisisinitseconomictheeurozone’seconomies,weakerorstronger,willonedayconvergethankstothedisciplineofsharingasinglecurrency,whichdeniespetitivemembersthequickfixofdevaluation.YetthedebateabouthowtosaveEurope’ssinglecurrencyfromdisintegrationisstuck.Itisstuckbecausetheeurozone’sdominantpowers,FranceandGermany,agreeontheneedforgreaterharmonizationwithintheeurozone,butdisagreeaboutwhattoharmonize.Germanythinkstheeuromustbesavedbystricterrulesonborrowing,spendingandcompetitiveness,backedbyquasi-automaticsanctionsforernmentsthatdonotobey.ThesemightincludethreatstozeEUfundsforpoorerregionsandEUmega-projects,andeventhesuspensionofacountr