學位英語解題指導：語法涉及知識面廣,涵蓋了冠詞、形容詞、副詞、動詞、非謂語動詞、定語從句及狀語從句等。動詞一直是考查的重點。二、學位英語語法題解題策略和方法1.還原法.2.一致法.3.標點法.4.題眼法1.還原法還原法,即句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析法.很多單項選擇題考點實為難度較小的簡單句,但命題人往往通過加長句式,將陳述句改為疑問或感嘆等句型,使用插入語,采用倒裝和省略等手段使簡單的句式復雜化,以增加干擾因素.解題時,同學們應通過句型分析弄清題干的來龍去脈,還原簡單句的本來面目.主要有如下八種還原方式:1)將疑問句還原成陳述句【例】Whomisitupto____thematterA.decideB.todecideC.decidingD.decided【解析】將題干還原為陳述句:Itisuptosb.todecidethematter.答案為:B2)將感嘆句還原成陳述句【例】_____rolesheplayedinthefilm!NowondershehaswonanOscar.A.HowinterestingB.HowaninterestingC.WhatinterestingD.Whataninteresting【解析】將題干還原為陳述句:Sheplayedaninterestingroleinthefilm.因此答案為D5)將強調(diào)句式還原成一般句式【例】Itwas____thatresultedintheterriblecaraccident.A.becauseofhercarelessnessB.herbeingcarelessC.becauseshewascarelessD.shewassocareless【解析】將題干還原為一般句式:Herbeingcarelesswasresultedintheterriblecaraccident.因此答案為:B.6)將先行詞還原到定語從句中【例】Thestudyyouhavebeenmaking_____theancientChinesecharactersisaninstructivejob.A.toB.forC.ofD.from【解析】把定語從句先行詞thestudy還原回從句中得出:YouhavebeenmakingthestudyoftheancientChinesecharacters.因此答案為:C7)刪除附加結(jié)構(gòu),將復雜句還原成簡單句【例】Johnplaysfootball____,ifnotbetterthan,David.A.aswellB.aswellasC.sowellD.sowellas【解析】將插入語ifnotbetterthan刪除得出:JohnplaysfootballaswellasDavid.因此答案為:B8)將省略句還原成完整的句子【例】—DoyouknowwhatTomdoesallday—IknowhespendsatleastasmuchtimewatchingTVashe____hislessons.A.isdoingB.doesC.spendsinD.doesdoing【解析】將連詞as后的從句還原完整,得出：…ashespends(in)doinghislessons.此句中的spends可用來代替.因此答案為:does2.一致法一致法是另一種句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析法,即在解題時我們要注意句子前后的關系要一致,包括主謂一致,時態(tài)一致,代詞一致,比較對象一致等等,以此找到解題的突破口.例如:【例】Themanrushedoutoftheroom,____intohiscarandstartedithurriedly,____togethomeassoonaspossible.andrushedgotstarted并列,時態(tài)要一致,所以第一空要填got,而第二空hoping是伴隨狀語.【例】Writteninahurry,_________.A.PetermademanymistakesinthepaperB.TherearemanymistakesinthepaperC.wefoundsomemistakesinthepaperD.thepaperisfullofmistakes【解析】分詞做狀語時其邏輯主語必須與主句的主語保持一致.此題中writteninahurry的邏輯主語應該是paper所以選擇和主語一致的選項D.【例】ThinkingaboutthefactthatIwasnotpreparedwellenough,and____tolosemyface,Igaveupthisyear'scivilserviceexam.A.didn'twantB.notwantedC.notwantingD.nottowant【解析】此題考查and連接的兩個并列狀語,前后形式要一致,notwanting,與前面的thinking一致,故選擇C3.標點法在解答單項選擇題時標點符號的作用不可忽視.在做題時一個標點符號可能就決定了一個題的答案.例如:【例】OurfirstdestinationwasIndianGreekinKansas.____wasthenthefrontier.A.ThatB.WhichC.WhatD.Then【解析】從前后句間的句號可知,后半句是獨立的句子而非從句,因此不可以在句首使用從屬連詞.故答案為A.【例】Everyonewasontimeforthemeeting-_____Chris,who'susuallytenminuteslateforeverything.A.butB.onlyC.evenD.yet【解析】從破折號可知,符號后面的內(nèi)容是對前面句子的補充說明.故答案【例】Theybelievethatthespiritsarewiththebodyofthedeadpersonforthreedays;____there'salwayssomeonetostaywiththedeadbody.A.duringwhichtimeB.duringwhichC.duringwhenD.duringthistime【解析】由分號可知后半部分應該是一個獨立的句子.故答案應為D4．題眼法題眼法即語境分析法."眼"指的是題干中的解題關鍵信息,一旦抓住了它,就能掌握選擇的依據(jù).在解題時同學們應樹立全局觀和整體觀,認真分析語境準確理解和把握信息并關注關鍵詞句找出突破口.例如:(1)—Istherefogintheevening—There____be.I'llmakeaphonecalltofinditout(關鍵信A.mustB.wouldC.willD.might【解析】D(2)MostoftheEuropeansrefuseto(關鍵信息)acceptGMfood____Americansregarditas(關鍵信息)thefruitfromhightech.A.whenB.asC.whileD.themoment【解析】C(3)Unfortunately,whenIdroppedin,DoctorLi____forBeijingtojoininthefightagainstSARS,soweonlyhadtimeforafewwords(關鍵信息).A.justleftB.hadjustleftC.isjustleavingD.wasjustleaving【解析】D(4)Isthereanypossibilityofthefilm(關鍵信息)____inParisInternationalFestival.A.beingtriedoutB.tryingoutC.triedoutD.totryout【解析】A(5)____,but(關鍵信息)heinsistedthathe____toschool.A.Thoughhewasill;wentB.Havingbeenill;wentCHavingbeenillshouldgoD.Hewasill;go【解析】D總之，學位英語的單項選擇題盡管只有十五個小題，但考查內(nèi)容涉及面廣并突出了綜合性和語境化的特點。解題時，應結(jié)合語境，認真分析句子，靈活運用語法詞匯知識，通過現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)，從而達到分析問鞏固練習：1._____,theearthmovesaroundthesun.A.ItisknownthatB.WeallknowC.WhatweknowisD.Asweallknow-2.Duringthetestweweresupposedtostayinourseats,keepoureyesonourwork,_____toanyone.A.butcouldnottalkB.insteadofspeakingC.ratherthanspeakD.andnottospeak3.Thecountrylifehewasusedto____greatlysince1992.A.changeB.haschangedC.changingD.havechanged4.Noprogresswasmadeinthetradetalksasneithersidewouldaccepttheconditionsof_____.A.othersB.theotherC.eitherD.another5.—Itis30yearssincewelastmet.—ButIstillrememberthestory,believeitornot,_____wegotlostonarainynight.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.when1、【解析】D(標點法)3、【解析】B(還原法-刪除附加結(jié)構(gòu))4、【解析】B(題眼法)5、【解析】B(還原法-刪除附加結(jié)構(gòu))6.When____help,oneoftensays"Thankyou."or"Itiskindofyou."A.offeringB.toofferC.tobeofferedD.offered7._____hewasthelastmanIwantedtosee,Ididallinmypowertohelphim.A.AsB.NowthatC.ThoughD.However8.Whodidtheteacher_____thearticleA.havewrittenB.havewriteC.hadwrittenD.haswriting9.It'sfuntoseeallthefoodIhavemade____