心理學專業(yè)英語知到章節(jié)測試答案智慧樹2023年最新齊魯師范學院第一章測試HowoldwasAnneFrankwhenshestarted（開始）hidingwithherfamilyinacrampedapartmentinAmsterdamtoavoidtheGermanarmyoccupyingtheNetherlands?（）

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13yearsoldWhendidWatsonjointheCharlesMansoncult？（）

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AfewyearsafterleavinghomeforcollegeSupposeyourbestfriendhasnaggedyouforthe300thtime,sayingthatyoutendtoeatonlypizza,chipsandsoda.Howdoyoudescribethisbehavior?（）

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nullWhatkindofdisciplinedoespsychologybelongto？（）

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SocialSciences（社會科學）Manypeople,whentheyhearthewordpsychology,thinkimmediatelyofmentaldisordersandabnormalbehavior.Butpsychologistsdonot（）theirattentiontoextremesofbehavior.

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confineBesideslaboratoryexperimentsandobservations,psychologyalsomakesmoreuseof（）informationthantheotherdisciplinesdo.

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biologicalMostpsychologistsresistreachingforconclusionsuntiltheyhaveevidencethatbe___and___byother.（）

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checked（檢驗）;verified（證明）WhichofthefollowingarethemainconcernsofAnthropology（人類學）？（）

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theoriginofhumanmaterialculture;thedevelopmentofthehumanspeciesSociology（社會學）isthestudyof___and___withinsociety.（）

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groups;institutionsWhichofthefollowingsubjectsdoessocialscience（社會科學）include？（）

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Politicalscience（政治學）;Anthropology（人類學）;Sociology（社會學）第二章測試Whoinitiatedanddevelopedpsychoanalyticmethods（精神分析法）?（）

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SigmundFreudWhatdobehaviorists（行為主義者）thinkdeterminesbehavior?（）

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environment（環(huán)境）Behavioristsbelievethatifpsychologyistobecomeanobjectivescience,whatshouldonlybestudied?（）

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observablebehaviorItdevelopedinAmericaintheearly1960s,andwastermedthethirdforceinpsychology.Whatwasit?（）

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HumanisticpsychologyWhenwillcognitivepsychologybecomethedominantparadigmofpsychologicalresearch?（）

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Inthe1970sAccordingtoGalen,aGreekdoctor,whatcanpersonalityandtemperamentberelatedto?（）

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thelevelsofbodyfluidssuchasbloodandbileinthebodyThebiologicalapproachmainlyadoptsa(n)（）togeneralizebiologicalinfluencesonbehaviortoallhumanswithsimilarphysiology,butfindstheuseofparticular“specialcasestudies”veryuseful.

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nomotheticapproach（一般規(guī)律法）Thebasicassumptionofhumanisticmethodinpsychologyisaproperunderstandingofhumannaturecanonlybegainedfromstudying（）.

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humansAccordingtothepsychoanalyticapproachtopsychology（精神分析法）,behaviorismotivatedbytwobasicinstinctualdrives.Theyare（）.

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thesexdrivefromErosandthelifeinstinct;theaggressiondrivefromThanatosandthedeathinstinctFraud’spsychoanalyticapproachhadagreatimpactonpsychologyandpsychiatry,andwasdevelopedindifferentwaysbypsychoanalystssuchas（）.

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Alder;Erickson;Jung第三章測試enablesustomakevoluntaryactions（隨意動作）,tomoveaboutandtobehaveaswechooseto.（）

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thesomaticnervoussystem（軀體神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)）Ifyouhavetorunacrossabusyintersection,the（）speedstheheartandroutesbloodtothemusclestosupplymoreoxygenand,consequently,moreenergy.

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theautonomicnervoussystem(ANS)（自主神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)）Oneofthestructuresintheforebrain（前腦）is,thebusytrafficofficerofthebrain.（）

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thethalamus（丘腦）Humanbeingshaveacommunicationssystem().Itincludesanetworkofinformation-carryingcables,ornerves,whichconnectthevariouscomponents.（）

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theForebrain（前腦）Thecentralnervoussystem(CNS)wascomposedof（）.

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spinalcord（脊髓）;Brain（腦）Whichofthefollowingisthefunctionofthespinalcord?（）

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itsendsinformationtothebrain;itreceivesmessagesfromthebrain;itprotectsthebodyfromdamage;itintegratesandcoordinatessensorydataThoughwemaythinkoftheAutonomicNervousSystem(ANS)（自主神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)）asautonomous,itisinfluencedby（）.

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theCentralNervousSystem(CNS)（中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)）;theendocrinesystem（內分泌系統(tǒng)）;theenvironmentalevents（環(huán)境事件）Thepons（腦橋）isinvolvedinactivitiessuchas（）.

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waking（清醒）;sleeping（睡眠）;dreaming（做夢）Thehypothalamus（下丘腦）isimportantbecause（）

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Itisinvolvedinpowerfuldrivesassociatedwiththesurvivalofboththeindividualandthespecies;Itregulatesbodytemperaturebytriggeringsweatingorshivering;ItcontrolsthecomplexoperationsoftheautonomicnervoussystemStandingonthebrainstemandlookingtowardthebackpartofthebrain,weseeastructureaboutthesizeofasmallfist,bulgingoutfromthepons.Itisthecerebellum,orlesserbrain.（）

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對第四章測試Theprocessofreceivinginformationfromtheoutsideworld,translatingit,andtransmittingittothebrainiscalled（）.

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sensation（感覺）Byemploying___,weareabletoorganizethecomplexphenomenaintosimpler,andthereforemoreeasilyusable,cognitivecategories.（）

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concepts（概念）___isasymboliccodeusedincommunication.（）

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Language（語言）Picturespygmies（俾格米人）drawareflat,two-dimensionalrenderingswithoutdepthcues.,andthisstudysuggeststhat___affectsperception.（）

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culture/learningexperience（文化/學習經(jīng)驗）To___,thinkingisthemanipulationtomentalrepresentationstoinformation.（）

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psychologistsSenseorgansoperatethroughsensoryreceptorcells,whichreceiveoutsideformsof___(light,vibrations,heat)andtranslatethemintoneural___thatcanbetransmittedtothebrainforinterpretation.（）

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impulses;energySensationsareintheformofrawneuralenergythatmustbe___and___intheprocesswecallperception.（）

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organized;interpretedThespecificlearningexperiences,,,and___oftheindividualcaninfluenceperception.（）

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motives（動機）;emotions（情緒）;memories（記憶）Thefollowingaretheso-calledGestaltprinciplesofperception:（）.

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proximity（接近性）;closure（封閉性）;continuity（連續(xù)性）;figure-ground（圖形環(huán)繞）Whenwesaythatlanguageisgenerative,wemeanthataninfinitesetofutterancescanbemadeusingafinitesetofelementsandrules.Whataretheseelementsandrules?（）

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phonemes（音素）;syntax（句法）;morphemes（語素）第五章測試Ifyoudonotvaluegoodperformanceattennis,youwillbeunlikelytopractice,evenifyouhaveastrongexpectationthatpracticeimprovesperformance.Thiscanbeexplainedby（）.

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Expectancy-valuetheories（）proposesthatakeydriverofmotivationissatisfactionofthreebasic,psychologicalneedsforautonomy,competence,andrelatedness.

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Self-determinationtheoryTheneedfor（）reflectsthedesiretoexperienceefficacy,tofeelthatoneisdoingthingswellandachievingone’sgoals.

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competenceAnemotionisapatternofresponsestoaneventthatisrelevanttothegoalsorneedsoftheorganism.Theresponsesinclude:（）.

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thoughts;expressionsoftheabove;impulsestoaction;physiologicalarousalVirtuallyallaccountsofemotionagreethatemotionscanbeclassifiedtwobroaddimensions:（）.

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degreeofpleasantness;degreeofphysicalexcitementorarousalThecharacteristicsofinstinctsare（）.

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irrational;fixedAccordingtoself-determinationtheory,basicpsychologicalneedsaredefinedasinnatepsychologicalnutriments,thesatisfactionofwhichisessentialfortheprocessof（）.

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integrity;well-being;optimalfunctioning;continuouspsychologicalgrowthDarwin’stheoryofevolutionemphasizedthecontinuitybetweenpeopleandotherspecies.（）

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對Instinctivebehaviorisflexible,anditdependsonthestateoftheorganismatthetimeofthebehavior.（）

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錯Biologically,thegoalofdrivereductionishomeostasis—maintainingabalancedorconstantphysiologicalstate.（）

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對第六章測試InordertodealwiththeanxietycausedbythetenserelationshipbetweenID（本我）andsuperego（超我）,whatisthemostbasicdefensemechanism?（）

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repression（壓抑）Granted,（）canencourageordiscouragetheexpressionofagiventrait.Anaggressiveperson,forexample,ismorelikelytodisplayaggressivenessonatenniscourtthaninchurch.

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situationalpressures（情境壓力）Beholdersarepronetomanyperceptualbiases.（）isatendencytomaintainourfirstimpressionofapersonevenifherorsheactsquitedifferentlylater.

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Theso-calledprimaryeffect（）inBiculturalIdentityIntegration(BII;thatis,howbiculturalexperiencetheirdualcultureidentities)maymoderatetherelationshipbetweenculture-basedvariabilityinpersonalityandwell-being.()

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IndividualdifferenceTonurturegrowthinothers,whatdidCarlRogersadvise（卡爾羅杰斯）?（）

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beaccepting;beempathic.;begenuineWhenJamesConleymeasuredthetraitsofseveralhundredadultsatthreedifferenttimesintheirlives,hediscoveredthat(),(),and()inparticularremainedremarkablestableevenoveraforty-five-yearperiod.（）

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extraversion（外向性）;impulsecontrol（沖動控制）;neuroticism（神經(jīng)質）Becausewetendtowantconsistencyinour()and(),weoftendiscountinformationthatdoesn’tfitourinitialview.（）

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perceptions（知覺）;beliefs（信念）Manytimesourbehaviorisquitepredictablefromonecontexttoanother,suggestingthat______,aswellas______,influencehowweact.（）

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innertraits（內在特質）;situations（情境）Ratherthanexplainthehiddenaspectsofpersonality,traittheoristshaveexplainedthepredispositionsthatunderlieouractions.（）

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對Humanisticpsychologists（人本主義心理學家）assesspersonalitythroughquestionnairesthatrateself-conceptandbyseekingtounderstandothers’subjectivepersonalexperiencesintherapy.（）

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對第七章測試The____isanewdisorderthatmadeitsfirstappearanceinDSM-IVandinvolvesaperiodofintenseanxietythatlastsforonemonthorless.（）

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acutestressdisorder（急性應激障礙）A(An)____involvesbriefperiodsofexceptionallyintensespontaneousanxiety,andtheyareunpredictable.Theyseemtocome“outoftheblue”andcanevenappearduringsleep.（）.

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panicdisorder（驚恐障礙）The_____involvesgeneral,persistentanxietythatlastsforatleastamonthandisnotassociatedwithanyparticularobjectorsituation.（）

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generalizedanxietydisorder（廣泛性焦慮障礙）The_____hasundoubtedlyexistedthroughhistory,butithasonlygainedwidespreadattentionsinceitwasobservedinveteransoftheVietnamconflict.Themajorsymptomofthisdisorderisreexperiencingofatraumaticevent.（）

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posttraumaticstressdisorder（創(chuàng)傷后應激障礙）____,alsocalledsocialphobia,isdefinedasanoverwhelminganddisablingfearofscrutiny,embarrassment,orhumiliationineverydaysocialsituationswhichleadstoavoidanceofpotentiallypleasurableandmeaningfulactivities.（）

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Socialanxietydisorder（社交恐懼癥）Forpanicdisorder,betweenattacks,theindividualisoften___aboutpossibleimpendingattacks,thereforecausingan___generallevelofanxiety.（）

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elevated（升高的）;anxious（焦慮的）Whenitcomestotheposttraumaticstressdisorder（創(chuàng)傷后應激障礙）,inadditiontothereexperiencing,thereisoftenageneralnumbing___involvementwiththe___world.（）

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reduced;externalAccordingtotheSocialPhobia/SocialAnxietyAssociation(SP/SAA),peoplewithsocialphobiausuallyfindtheiranxietytriggeredbysituationssuchas:（）.

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beingwatchedorobservedwhiledoingsomething.;beingintroducedtootherpeople;beingthecenterofattention.;beingteasedorcriticized.Mostkindsofabnormalbehaviorarefarlessdramaticthanthesymptomsofthewall-poundingschizophrenic（精神分裂癥）,infact,mostpeoplewithpsychologicaldisordersseem“normal”mostofthetime.（）

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對Itisimportantnottoconfusepanicattacks（驚恐障礙）withtheintenseperiodsthatareassociatedwithphysicalexertionandthestressofreallife-threateningsituations.（）

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對第八章測試InArmenia（亞美尼亞）andAzerbaijan（阿塞拜疆）,residentsmayhavelearnedduringtheirchildhoodsethnicprejudices（種族歧視）thatlater___aggressivebehaviors.（）

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fosteredTheexplanatoryvariablescannotbedirectlyobserved,butrathermustbeinferredfrom___.Forexample,wemayinferthatourfriendhasthetraitofaggressivenessbecausehealwaysgetsintofights.（）.

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behavior______comprisethecognitiveinformationpeopleholdaboutvariouspeopleandthings.（）

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Beliefs______areevalu