名詞性從句的翻譯TranslationofNominalClauses名詞性從句的翻譯Translationof名詞性從句的翻譯英語(yǔ)名詞性從句可分為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句四類(lèi)。這些從句的翻譯一般按原句的語(yǔ)序處理即可，相對(duì)比較容易，但有時(shí)也可以譯為并列分句、定語(yǔ)從句或其它形式的句子。1.名詞性從句譯成并列分句2.名詞性從句譯成定語(yǔ)從句3.名詞性從句譯成其它句子名詞性從句的翻譯英語(yǔ)名詞性從句可分為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)如果名詞性從句包含兩層以上的意思，需要把主句與從句分開(kāi)譯。一般先譯出從句，放在句首，然后用漢語(yǔ)的復(fù)指代詞“這”“那”，與主句的其他成分連成一句。同位語(yǔ)從句的翻譯與定語(yǔ)從句的翻譯非常近似，可以將同位語(yǔ)從句放在名詞前，相當(dāng)于前置的修飾語(yǔ)，但不必使用定語(yǔ)的標(biāo)志“的”字；可以保持原句的語(yǔ)序，譯為后置的并列句，加入冒號(hào)、破折號(hào)或“這樣”、“這…”、“那就是”、“即”等字眼；也可以改變?cè)涞耐徽Z(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，采用漢語(yǔ)的無(wú)主句或其它方式的譯法。1.譯成并列分句如果名詞性從句包含兩層以上的意思，需要把主句與從句分開(kāi)譯。一Thatthosewhohadlearnedfromhimnowexcelledhimwasarealchallenge.(主語(yǔ)從句)向他學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)的人反倒超過(guò)了他，這對(duì)他的確是一個(gè)促進(jìn)。Anothercauseofobscurityisthatthewriterhimselfisnotquitesureofhismeaning.(表語(yǔ)從句)寫(xiě)不清楚還有一個(gè)原因，那就是作者自己對(duì)于所要表達(dá)的意思也不是很有把握。Manyfosterparentsaredrivingbythebeliefthattheyhaverescuedsociety’smostunwantedchildren.(同位語(yǔ)從句)很多養(yǎng)父母都有這樣一個(gè)信念，那就是他們挽救了社會(huì)上最沒(méi)人想要的孩子。1.譯成并列分句Thatthosewhohadlearnedfro1.譯成并列分句Itwasplaintoseehowoldandfirmthegirlishhearthadgrownunderthedisciplineofheavysorrow.

(it作形式主語(yǔ))

一望便知，在沉重痛苦的磨煉下，她那顆少女之心已經(jīng)變得多么蒼老，多么堅(jiān)韌。Itakeitforgrantedthatyouwillcomeandtalkthematteroverwithhim.（it作形式賓語(yǔ)）我理所當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為，你會(huì)來(lái)跟他談這件事的。1.譯成并列分句Itwasplaintoseeho名詞性從句的翻譯Doesitrequiredeepintuitiontocomprehendthatman’sideas,viewsandconception,inoneword,man’sconsciousness,changeswitheverychangeintheconditionsofhismaterialexistence,inhissocialrelationsandhissociallife?

(賓語(yǔ)從句)人們的觀念、觀點(diǎn)和概念，簡(jiǎn)單一句話，人們的意識(shí)隨著物質(zhì)存在的每一個(gè)變化而變化，隨著社會(huì)關(guān)系和社會(huì)生活的每一個(gè)變化而變化，要理解這一點(diǎn)，難道還需要深思熟慮嗎？名詞性從句的翻譯Doesitrequiredeepi名詞性從句的翻譯2.名詞性從句譯成定語(yǔ)從句有些名詞性從句，特別是以what,whatever,where,wherever,when,whenever等引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，?？砂阎复拿~譯出來(lái)，變成定語(yǔ)從句。Whereyoustumblebecomesyouropportunitytomakecorrections,tolearnandgrow.你跌倒的地方就是你改正錯(cuò)誤、汲取教訓(xùn)、開(kāi)始成長(zhǎng)的地方。Thisiswheretheshoepinches.這就是問(wèn)題的癥結(jié)所在。名詞性從句的翻譯2.名詞性從句譯成定語(yǔ)從句有些名詞性從句名詞性從句的翻譯Aprincipleofsciencetellswhatusuallyhappensundercertaincondition.科學(xué)原理告訴我們?cè)谝欢l件下所會(huì)發(fā)生的事情。Whateverhesawandheardonhistripgavehimaverydeepimpression.他此行所見(jiàn)所聞都給他留下了深刻的印象。2.名詞性從句譯成定語(yǔ)從句名詞性從句的翻譯Aprincipleofscience名詞性從句的翻譯3.名詞性從句譯成其他結(jié)構(gòu)Whatwefoundisthattoachievequalityinaproduct,orbyinference,inalife,youhavetolookenthusiasticallyformistakes.（主語(yǔ)從句譯成主謂結(jié)構(gòu)）我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，在產(chǎn)品上追求質(zhì)量，與在生活中追求質(zhì)量一樣，你須認(rèn)真挑出各種失誤。Heexpressedthehopethathecoulddotheexperimentagain.（同位語(yǔ)從句譯成賓語(yǔ)從句）他希望他能重做那次試驗(yàn)。名詞性從句的翻譯3.名詞性從句譯成其他結(jié)構(gòu)Whatwef補(bǔ)充例句：名詞性從句Itisnecessaryforyoungpeopletounderstandhowoursocietydependsuponscientificandtechnologi-caladvancementandtorealizethatscienceisabasicpartofmodernliving.

(it作形式主語(yǔ))

我們的社會(huì)怎樣依賴(lài)科學(xué)和技術(shù)的進(jìn)步；科學(xué)是現(xiàn)代生活的基礎(chǔ)部分之一，青年人懂得并認(rèn)識(shí)到這兩點(diǎn)，那是十分必要的。

Notlongagothescientistsmadeanexcitingdisco-verythatthis“waste”materialcouldbeturnedintoplastics.

(同位語(yǔ)從句)不久前，科學(xué)家有了一個(gè)令人振奮的發(fā)現(xiàn)，即可以把這種廢物變?yōu)樗芰?。補(bǔ)充例句：名詞性從句ItisnecessaryforTomostpeopleitisnoteasytoexplainwhyEinstein’stheoryeventuallyshookthewholescientificandintellectualworld.

(it作形式主語(yǔ))

為什么愛(ài)因斯坦的學(xué)說(shuō)最后震撼了整個(gè)科學(xué)界和思想界，這對(duì)大多數(shù)人是難以解釋清楚地。Andtherewasalwaysthepossibilitythatasmallelectricalsparkmightaccidentallybypassthemostcarefullyplannedcircuit.

(同位語(yǔ)從句)即使是設(shè)計(jì)最為周密的電路偶爾也會(huì)發(fā)出小小的火花，這種可能性在過(guò)去一直都不排除。TomostpeopleitisnoteasyWecanexplainverysimplytheimportantdiffer-encesbetweensolids,liquids,andgasesonthebasisofthetheory

thatmatterismadeupofparticles,andthattheseparticlescanmovemoreeasilyinsomestatesofmatterthaninothers.

(同位語(yǔ)從句)物質(zhì)是由粒子組成的，這些粒子在一些物態(tài)中要比在另一些物態(tài)中更易于運(yùn)動(dòng)。根據(jù)上述理論，我們可以簡(jiǎn)要地闡明固體、液體和氣體之間的主要差別。Wecanexplainverysimplythe1.It

is

often

said

that

wide

reading

is

the

best

alter-native

course

of

action

but

even

here

it

is

necessaryto

make

some

kinds

of

selection.

（主語(yǔ)從句）人們常說(shuō),

大量閱讀是可供選擇的最佳方案,

但即使在這一方面,

也需要某些選擇。2.From

the

end

of

the

Second

World

War

until

very

recently,

it

was

generally

accepted

in

Britain

that

the

State

should

provide

a

full

range

of

free

educa-tional

facilities

from

nursery

schools

to

universities.

（主語(yǔ)從句）

從第二次世界大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束直到最近,

英國(guó)人普遍接受這樣一個(gè)觀點(diǎn),

即:

國(guó)家應(yīng)該提供從幼兒園到大學(xué)的全方位的免費(fèi)教育設(shè)施。

1.It

is

often

said

that

wide

r3.It

is

virtually

impossible

to

imagine

that

universi-ties,

hospitals,

large

business

or

even

science

andtechnology

could

have

comeintobeingwithoutcities

to

support

them.

（賓語(yǔ)從句）

如果沒(méi)有城市的支持,

簡(jiǎn)直難以想象會(huì)有大學(xué)、醫(yī)院和大

企業(yè),

甚至連科學(xué)技術(shù)也不會(huì)有。4.We

fail

to

learn

that

pain

is

the

body's

way

of

in-forming

the

mind

that

we

are

doing

something

wrong,

not

necessarily

that

something

is

wrong.

（賓語(yǔ)從句）我們不知道,

人體只是用疼痛這種方式通知大腦,

我們的行為出了差錯(cuò),

而并非一定健康有問(wèn)題。

3.It

is

virtually

impossible

t例8.It

is

virtually

impossible

to

imagine

that

universities,

hospitals,

large

business

or

even

science

and

technology

could

have

come

into

being

without

cities

to

support

them.

(87年試題)

如果沒(méi)有城市的支持,

簡(jiǎn)直難以想象會(huì)有大學(xué)、醫(yī)院和大企業(yè),

甚至連科學(xué)技術(shù)也不會(huì)有。（賓語(yǔ)從句）

例9.We

fail

to

learn

that

pain

is

the

body's

way

of

informing

the

mind

that

we

are

doing

something

wrong,

not

necessarily

that

something

is

wrong.

我們不知道,

人體只是用疼痛這種方式通知大腦,

我們的行為出了差錯(cuò),

而并

非一定

[鍵入文字]

健康有問(wèn)題。（賓語(yǔ)從句）5.One

aspect

of

analogies

is

that

they

are

limited

by

the

scientific

understanding

of

the

time.（表語(yǔ)從句）類(lèi)比存在的一個(gè)問(wèn)題在于類(lèi)比受所處時(shí)代的科學(xué)理解水

平的限制。6.Galieo's

greatest

glory

was

that

in

1609

he

was

the

first

person

to

turn

the

newly

invented

telescope

on

the

heavens

to

prove

that

the

planets

revolve

around

the

sun

rather

than

around

the

Earth.

（表語(yǔ)從句）伽利略的最光輝的業(yè)績(jī)?cè)谟谒?609年第一個(gè)把新發(fā)明的望遠(yuǎn)鏡對(duì)準(zhǔn)天空,

以證實(shí)行星是圍繞太陽(yáng)旋轉(zhuǎn),

而不是圍繞地球。

例8.It

is

virtually

impossible

7.Unfortunately,

Plato's

analogy

misses

an

import-ant

characteristic

of

memory

that

it

is

selective.

（同位語(yǔ)從句）令人遺憾的是,

柏拉圖所作的類(lèi)比忽視了記憶的一個(gè)重要特性,

即記憶是有選擇性的。8.In

spite

of

the

fact

that

the

authors

who

dealt

withwomen's

issues

prior

to

1949

agreed

in

principle

that

reforms

had

to

be

instituted,

the

outlook

they

depicted

for

reform

was

bleak.

（同位語(yǔ)從句）盡管1949年以前研究婦女問(wèn)題的作者原則上同意改革勢(shì)在必行,

但他們?yōu)楦母锩枥L的前景卻是暗淡的。7.Unfortunately,

Plato's

analo課后練習(xí)：翻譯句子,注意名詞性從句的譯法I’lltrytomakeupwhatIhavemissed.Aprincipleofsciencetellswhatusuallyhappensundercertainconditions.Theproblemthatallmachinesinthisfactorymustbeautomatedwillbesolvedbeforelong.

（同位語(yǔ)從譯成定語(yǔ)從句）4.Itseemedi