實驗8：開放式最短路徑優(yōu)先路由協(xié)議OSPF配置一、實驗?zāi)康?、練習(xí)OSPF動態(tài)路由協(xié)議的基本配置；2、掌握了解OSPF路由協(xié)議原理二、實驗環(huán)境packettracer5.0三、OSPF協(xié)議介紹0SPF（0penShortestPathFirst開放式最短路徑優(yōu)先）是一個內(nèi)部網(wǎng)關(guān)協(xié)議（InteriorGatewayProtocol,簡稱IGP），用于在單一自治系統(tǒng)（autonomoussystem,AS）內(nèi)決策路由。與RIP相對，OSPF是鏈路狀態(tài)路由協(xié)議，而RIP是距離向量路由協(xié)議OSPF的主要特性如下：適應(yīng)范圍——支持各種規(guī)模的網(wǎng)絡(luò)，最多可支持幾千臺路由器。快速收斂——在網(wǎng)絡(luò)的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生變化后立即發(fā)送更新報文，使這一變化在自治系統(tǒng)中同步。無自環(huán)——OSPF根據(jù)收集到的鏈路狀態(tài)用最短路徑樹算法計算路由，從算法上本身保證了不會生成自環(huán)路由。OSPF把一個大型網(wǎng)絡(luò)分割成多個小型網(wǎng)絡(luò)的能力被稱為分層路由，這些被分割出來的小型網(wǎng)絡(luò)就稱為“區(qū)域”（Area）。由于區(qū)域內(nèi)部路由器僅與同區(qū)域的路由器交換LSA（鏈路狀態(tài)廣播）信息，這樣LSA報文數(shù)量及鏈路狀態(tài)信息庫表項都會極大減少，SPF（ShortestPathFirst最短路徑優(yōu)先算法）計算速度因此得到提高。多區(qū)域的OSPF必須存在一個主干區(qū)域，主干區(qū)域負(fù)責(zé)收集非主干區(qū)域發(fā)出的匯總路由信息，并將這些信息返還給到各區(qū)域。OSPF區(qū)域不能隨意劃分，應(yīng)該合理地選擇區(qū)域邊界，使不同區(qū)域之間的通信量最小。但在實際應(yīng)用中區(qū)域的劃分往往并不是根據(jù)通信模式而是根據(jù)地理或政治因素來完成的。在OSPF多區(qū)域網(wǎng)絡(luò)中，路由器可以按不同的需要同時成為以下四種路由器中的幾種：內(nèi)部路由器:所有端口在同一區(qū)域的路由器，維護(hù)一個鏈路狀態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)庫。主干路由器：具有連接主干區(qū)域端口的路由器。區(qū)域邊界路由器（ABR）:具有連接多區(qū)域端口的路由器，一般作為一個區(qū)域的出口。ABR為每一個所連接的區(qū)域建立鏈路狀態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)庫，負(fù)責(zé)將所連接區(qū)域的路由摘要信息發(fā)送到主干區(qū)域，而主干區(qū)域上的ABR則負(fù)責(zé)將這些信息發(fā)送到各個區(qū)域。自治域系統(tǒng)邊界路由器（ASBR）:至少擁有一個連接外部自治域網(wǎng)絡(luò)（如非OSPF的網(wǎng)絡(luò)）端口的路由器，負(fù)責(zé)將非OSPF網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息傳入OSPF網(wǎng)絡(luò)。四、實驗步驟：拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)圖如下所示:1、配置命令Router5：Router〉enable//進(jìn)入特權(quán)模式Router#configureterminal//進(jìn)入配置模式Enterconfigurationcommands,oneperline.EndwithCNTL/Z.Router(config)#interfaceFastEthernet0/0//配置端口Router(config-if)#ipaddress172.16.0.1255.255.255.0Router(config-if)#noshutdown%LINK-5-CHANGED:InterfaceFastEthernet0/0,changedstatetoup%LINEPR0T0-5-UPD0WN:LineprotocolonInterfaceFastEthernet0/0,changedstatetoupRouter(config-if)#Router(config-if)#exitRouter(config)#interfaceSerial1/0//配置端口Router(config-if)#ipaddress192.168.0.1255.255.255.0Router(config-if)#clockrate64000Router(config-if)#noshutdownRouter(config-if)#%LINK-5-CHANGED:InterfaceSerial1/0,changedstatetoup%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:LineprotocolonInterfaceSerial1/0,changedstatetoupRouter(config-if)#routeospf1//啟用OSPF協(xié)議，ID號為1Router(config-router)#network192.168.0.00.0.0.255area0//發(fā)布網(wǎng)絡(luò)Router(config-router)#network172.16.0.00.0.0.255area0Router(config-router)#exitRouter(config)#copyrunning-configstartRouter(config)#copyrunning-configstartup-Router(config)#copyrunning-configstartup-cRouter(config)#exit%SYS-5-C0NFIG_I:ConfiguredfromconsolebyconsoleRouter#copyrunRouter#copyrunning-configsRouter#copyrunning-configstartup-config//寫入啟動文件Destinationfilename[startup-config]?Buildingconfiguration...[OK]Router6：Router>enableRouter#configureterminalEnterconfigurationcommands,oneperline.EndwithCNTL/Z.Router(config)#interfaceFastEthernet0/0Router(config-if)#ipaddress172.17.0.1255.255.255.0Router(config-if)#noshutdown%LINK-5-CHANGED:InterfaceFastEthernet0/0,changedstatetoup%LINEPR0T0-5-UPD0WN:LineprotocolonInterfaceFastEthernet0/0,changedstatetoupRouter(config-if)#exitRouter(config)#interfaceSerial1/0Router(config-if)#ipaddress192.168.0.2255.255.255.0Router(config-if)#%LINK-5-CHANGED:InterfaceSerial1/0,changedstatetoupnoshutdown%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:LineprotocolonInterfaceSerial1/0,changedstatetoupRouter(config-if)#exitRouter(config)#interfaceSerial1/1Router(config-if)#ipaddress192.168.1.1255.255.255.0Router(config-if)#clockrate64000Router(config-if)#noshutdownRouter(config-if)#%LINK-5-CHANGED:InterfaceSerial1/1,changedstatetoup%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:LineprotocolonInterfaceSerial1/1,changedstatetoupRouter(config-if)#routerospf1Router(config-router)#network192.168.0.00.0.0.255area0Router(config-router)#network192.168.1.00.0.0.255area0Router(config-router)#network172.17.0.00.0.0.255area0Router(config-router)#exitRouter(config)#ex%SYS-5-CONFIG_I:ConfiguredfromconsolebyconsoleRouter#copyRouter#copyrRouter#copyrunning-configstartup-configDestinationfilename[startup-config]?Buildingconfiguration...[OK]Router#00:13:29:%0SPF-5-ADJCHG:Process1,Nbr192.168.2.1onSeriall/1fromLOADINGtoFULL,LoadingDoneRouter3:Router〉enableRouter#configureterminalEnterconfigurationcommands,oneperline.EndwithCNTL/Z.Router(config)#interfaceFastEthernet0/0Router(config-if)#ipaddress172.18.0.1255.255.255.0Router(config-if)#noshutdown%LINK-5-CHANGED:InterfaceFastEthernet0/0,changedstatetoup%LINEPR0T0-5-UPD0WN:LineprotocolonInterfaceFastEthernet0/0,changedstatetoupRouter(config-if)#exitRouter(config)#interfaceSerial1/0Router(config-if)#ipaddress192.168.1.2255.255.255.0Router(config-if)#%LINK-5-CHANGED:InterfaceSerial1/0,changedstatetoupnoshutdownRouter(config-if)#exitRouter(config)#interfaceSerial1/1Router(config-if)#ipaddress192.168.2.1255.255.255.0Router(config-if)#clockrate64000Router(config-if)#noshutdownRouter(config-if)#%LINK-5-CHANGED:InterfaceSerial1/1,changedstatetoupRouter(config-if)#exitRouter(config)#routeospf1Router(config-router)#network192.168.1.00.0.0.255area0Router(config-router)#network192.168.1.00:13:29:%0SPF-5-ADJCHG:Process1,Nbr192.168.1.1onSerial1/0fromLOADINGtoFULL,LoadingDone00.0.0.255area0Router(config-router)#network192.168.2.00.0.0.255area0Router(config-router)#network172.18.0.00.0.0.255area0Router(config-router)#exitRouter(config)#ex%SYS-5-C0NFIG_I:ConfiguredfromconsolebyconsoleRouter#copyrRouter#copyrunning-configsRouter#copyrunning-configstartup-configDestinationfilename[startup-config]?Buildingconfiguration...[0K]

Router4:Router>enableRouter#configureterminalEnterconfigurationcommands,oneperline.EndwithCNTL/Z.Router(config)#interfaceFastEthernet0/0Router(config-if)#ipaddress10.1.1.1255.255.255.0Router(config-if)#noshutdown%LINK-5-CHANGED:InterfaceFastEthernet0/0,changedstatetoup%LINEPR0T0-5-UPD0WN:LineprotocolonInterfaceFastEthernet0/0,changedstatetoupRouter(config-if)#exitRouter(config)#interfaceSerial1/0Router(config-if)#ipaddress192.168.2.2255.255.255.0Router(config-if)#exRouter(config)#routerospf1Router(config-router)#network192.168.2.00.0.0.255area0Router(config-router)#network10.1.1.00.0.0.255area0Router(config-router)#exRouter(config)#ex%SYS-5-CONFIG_I:ConfiguredfromconsolebyconsoleRouter#copyrRouter#copyrunning-configsRouter#copyrunning-configstartup-configDestinationfilename[startup-config]?Buildingconfiguration...[OK]2、校驗、診斷(鑒于篇幅，以下命令均在router6上調(diào)試)showipprotocol查看路由器中所啟用的路由計算協(xié)議：Pouter#showipprotocolPoutingProtocolis"ospf1"Outgoingupdat-efilterlistforallinterfacesisnotsetincomingupdat-efilterlist-forallinterfacesisnotsetPouterID192■丄68.1.1Nuiiberofareasinthisrouteris1.1normal0stub0nssaMaximumpath:4PoutingforNetworks:L3Z..HL0HLHLHLZSSarea.0area0172.17.0.00.0.0.255area0PoutingInformat-ionSourcesNuiiberofareasinthisrouteris1.1normal0stub0nssaMaximumpath:4PoutingforNetworks:L3Z..HL0HLHLHLZSSarea.0area0172.17.0.00.0.0.255area0PoutingInformat-ionSources:

G-at-ewayListance192.16S.0.1110Last-Update00=19=4011000:19:42Distance:(defaultis110)showipospf:

pQU匸E#mhSTip口m口fRoutingProcess"ospf1"withID19E_168_1_1Suppcrtscnl^rsingleT0S(T0S0)routesSupportsopa^.ieLEASPFscheduledelay5secsHo1dtimebetweent-wnSPFs10secsMiniiLLLiiLLLSAinterval5secs_MiniiLLi_uiiLSAarrival1secsNi.ullLierofexternalLSA0-CheckslullSiull0x000000Ni.ullLierofopai^i.ieASLSA0-Checksi-UiiSlull0x00000UNi-UllLierofDCbit1essexternalaiidopai^ueASLSAUNi.ullLierofDoNotAgeexternalaiidopa^.ieASLSA0Ni.ullLierofareasinthisrouteris1-1noriLLal0sti.iti0nssaExternalf1□odlist丄wngth0直17早玄EJiCKEijMEW)Ni.ullLierofinterfacesinthisareais3-Areahasno~~authenticationSPFalgcritlTDiexecuted1UtiiiiesArearangesareNi.ullLierofLSA4-Checksi.iiLLNi.ullLierofLSA4-opai^ue丄inkLSA0-Ni.ullLieropai^ue丄inkLSA0-Ni.ullLierofDChir.lessLEAUNi.ullLierqfindicationLSA0Ni-UiitiercfDoNctAgeLSA0F1oodlistlenizrt-h0showipospfneighborRouterftshowipospfneighhorNeiglitiijrIDPriStateDeadTimeAddressInterface19Z-16S-0-11FULL/-00:00:36192-168-0-1Seriall/019￡_168-Z_11FULL/-00:00:36192-168-1_2Seriall/1showipospfdatabaseP.outer#showipospfdatatiaseP.outer#showipospfdatatiase(PrecessID1JOSPFRouterwithID＞：192_168_1_1J(PrecessID1J(Area0)P.outerLiiikStates(Area0)LinkIDAI：'VP.outerAgeSeq#Checksi-iiLLLink192-16S_1-1L3Z.L68.L-1￡70LiKSOOLiULiOSUKOOfeff■5192-168_2_1132-168-2.11633LIK0OOLILIOO50x00c8eki519E-16S-E-Z192-16S_E-216S3LiMSOOLiLiOOSLiM0089Se3192-16S_0-1192-16S_0-1402LIK8LILILIU004UKOOfeff3debugipospfevents開啟診斷，nodebugipospfevents關(guān)閉診斷D.outer#debugipospfevents0SPFeventsdehuggingison00:49:39:OSPF00:49:39:OSPF00:49:39:OSPF00:49:39:OSPF00:49:39:OSPF00:49:49:OSPF00:49:49:OSPF00:49:49:OSPF00:49:49:OSPF00:49:￡9:OSPF00:49:59:OSPF00:49:S9:OSPF00:43:59:OSPFRouter#D.cvhellofroiLL19E-168-2-1areaufromSeriall./l192-16S_1-EEndi□fhe11□processingD.cvhellofroiLL19￡_168_0_1areaUfrmillSeriall/0192-16S-0-1Endcifhe11oprocessingD.cvhellofroiLL19Z-168-Z-1areaufromSeriall/1192-16S_1-2Endijfhe11oprecessingRevhellofroiLL19E_168_0_1areaUfromSeriall/019Z_16S_0-1Endcifhe11oproce^^ini