初中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句byYolandaCao什么是定語(yǔ)

？定語(yǔ)的位置

Thisisabeautifulflower.

（形容詞作定語(yǔ)，置前）

Thisisaflowerinthegarden.（介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，置后）

Thisistheflowerwhichyougavetome.

（定語(yǔ)從句作定語(yǔ)，置后）定語(yǔ)從句的概念及結(jié)構(gòu)

在復(fù)合句中，修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)大的形容詞。

Thisistheflower

which

yougavetome.

先行詞

關(guān)系詞定語(yǔ)從句

先行詞：置于定語(yǔ)從句之前，被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。如上句中的

theflower。關(guān)系詞：置于先行詞之后，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞包括關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。一．關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

先行詞從句成分關(guān)系代詞例句指人作主語(yǔ)who,thatIlovesingerswho/thatsingwordsclearly.作賓語(yǔ)who,whom,(that)可省略O(shè)urparentsarethepeople(who/whom/that)weneedloveforever.作定語(yǔ)whoseThisisWangChenruiwhoseperformanceinSingChinaisfantastic.指物作主語(yǔ)which,thatIlovethebookswhicharewrittenbyGuoJingming.作賓語(yǔ)which,(that)可省略Thesong(which,that)shesingsisverypopularnow.作定語(yǔ)whoseIlikehouseswhosewindowsopentothewest.找出下列定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系詞并判斷其在從句中擔(dān)任的成分Themanwho/thatspokeatthemeetingisfromHongKong.Thebuildingwhich/thatisbeingbuiltwillbeusedasahospital.

Ivisitedascientistwhosenameisknownallovertheworld.

作主語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)注意：關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上須和先行詞保持一致。

Thatisoneofthemostinterestingbooksthataresoldinthebookstore.Theoldwomanwhoiswearingapairofglassesismygrandma.練一練：1.Doyouknowtheman_____issittingbehindNancy?A.what B.which C.who D.whom2.I’mlookingatthephotograph_____yousentmewithyourletter.A.who B.whom C.which D.it3.Iliketheteacher_____classesareveryinterestingandcreative.A.which

B.who

C.what

D.whose4.TheH7N9birdfluisadisease________canbeverydangerous.

A./B.who C.what D.which5.Lilydoesn’tknow_______sheandherfriendscandotohelp

thelittleboy_______parentshavelefttheirhometownformakingmoney.

A.that;whose

B.how;who

C.what;who D.what;whose

用that而不用which的情況（1）當(dāng)先行詞同時(shí)包括人或物時(shí)。

ThemanandhisdogthatIalwaysmeetarestandingbythegate.（2）當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。

ThatisthemostinterestingbookthatIhaveeverread.Youarethefirstpersonthat

Iwanttosee.（3）當(dāng)先行詞有thevery,theonly,thesame修飾時(shí)。

That’stheonlythingthatIcandonow.

Thesearetheverywordsthatheused.（4）當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞(anything,everything,nothing,something,few,all等)或被它們修飾時(shí)。Isthereanything

thatIcandoforyou?

That’sall

thatIknow.當(dāng)這些不定代詞充當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可用who。

Anyonewholeaveslastshouldturnoffthelights.（5）當(dāng)主句以who或which開(kāi)頭時(shí)，為避免重復(fù)，關(guān)系詞用that,而不用which或who。

Whoisthegirlthatspoketoyoujustnow?

Whichisthepenthatyoulost?6.Isoxygentheonlygas________helpsfireburn?

A.that

B./

C.which

D.it

7.Charlietoldhismotherall____hadhappened.

A.that B.what

C.which D.who8.Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooks______interestedhimgreatlyintheschool.

A.which

B.that

C.who D.what9.Thefirstthing__________mysisterisgoingtodothisweekendistogoshopping.

A.which

B.who

C.that D.why10.It’sthethirdtime_______latethismonth.

A.thatyouarrived

B.whenyouarrived

C.thatyou’vearrived

D.whenyou’vearrived

用which，

不用that的情況

（1）為避免重復(fù)，先行詞為that，those時(shí)，用which，而不用that。

What’sthatwhichisunderthedesk?

（2）關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)，一般用which，而不用that。

Thisistheroominwhichhelives.

（3）引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，用which，而不用that。

Tomcameback,whichmadeushappy.

把下列各題的兩句話(huà)合并成一個(gè)帶定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句。1)ThestudentswillnotbeabletopasstheEnglishexam.Theydon’tstudyhard.2)Theteacherismyphysicsteacher.Yousawhimontheplaygroundjustnow.3)ThewomanisanEnglishteacher.Sheisstandingattheschoolgate.4)Thisisthegirl.Hersisterisafamoussinger.5)Thebookisgood.Iamreading.Thestudentswho/thatdon’tstudyhardwillnotbeabletopasstheEnglishexam.Theteacher(who/that)yousawontheplaygroundismyphysicsteacher.Thewomanwho/thatisstandingattheschoolgateisanEnglishteacher.Thisisthegirlwhosesisterisafamoussinger.Thebook(that/which)Iamreadingisgood.

二、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句①when指時(shí)間，其先行詞表示時(shí)間，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。

Thiswasthetimewhenhearrived.

②where指地點(diǎn)，其先行詞表示地點(diǎn)，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。

Thisisplacewhereheworks.③why指原因，其先行詞是原因，在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)。

Nobodyknowsthereasonwhyheisoftenlateforschool.常用where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句

關(guān)系副詞與“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”互換①在大多數(shù)情況下，關(guān)系副詞相當(dāng)于“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”,介詞后的關(guān)系代詞只能是which(指物)，whom(指人)。

when=in/on/atwhich

1958istheyearwhen/inwhichhismotherdied.

注意：“Itisthe+序數(shù)詞+time+(that)”為固定句型，其中關(guān)系代詞that省略，此處不用when引導(dǎo)。e.g.

Itisthefirsttime(that)hehasbeenlatethisweek.

Itisthefirsttime(that)Ihavebeenhere.

關(guān)系副詞與“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”互換②where=in/onwhiche.g.

Thehousewhere/inwhichhelivesisverybig.③why=forwhiche.g.

Thisisthereasonwhy/forwhichhewaslate.HeremembersthedaywhenhejoinedtheLeague.

Thiswasthetimewhenhearrived.

ThisistheplacewhereLuXunwasborn.Thisistheplacewhereheworks.Thisisthereasonwhyheislatetoday.Nobodyknowsthereasonwhyheisoftenlateforschool.onthatdayatthattimeinthisplaceinthisplaceforthisfor+原因

當(dāng)先行詞為時(shí)間地點(diǎn)或表示原因的名詞時(shí)，要學(xué)會(huì)判斷用關(guān)系副詞還是關(guān)系代詞。

首先找出定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞，再看它在從句中充當(dāng)什么成分。如果是主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)，就用關(guān)系代詞如果是狀語(yǔ)，就用關(guān)系副詞。Iloveplaces______thepeoplearereallyfriendly.

A.that

B.which C.inwhere

D.whereWewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek,_____theweathermaybebetter.

A.that

B.where

C.which

D.whenplaces在從句中做

地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)

nextweek在從句中做

時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞的關(guān)系，定語(yǔ)從句可分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句及非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。限制性定語(yǔ)從句緊跟先行詞，主句與從句不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)，從句不可省去；非限制性定語(yǔ)從句主句與從句之間有逗號(hào)分開(kāi)，起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空：1)I’llneverforgetthedayon________theymetfortheveryfirst

timelastsummer.2)Thisistheplace____________hesooftenmentionedtome.3)Theonlything________interestedhimwasthathecoulddoanything_________hewantedto.4)“Whatascientist!Whatwonderfulinvention!”hetalkedexcitedlyaboutBillGatesandhisMicrosoftCompany_________isnowafocus(焦點(diǎn))ofnewspapersandtelevision.whichwhich/thatthat(that)that5)Heisold,________factisimportantinthiscase.6)Finally,thethiefhandedeverything__________hehadstolen.7)Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersons_________wesawthen.8)With_________wereyoutalking?9)Thisistheverypresent__________mymothergaveme.10)Theyaretalkingaboutthepeopleandthings________theyareontheirwayhome.whichthatwhomthatthatthat11)Whichisthebike__________ismadeinShanghai?12)Ithinkthisisth