上海市普陀區(qū)2018屆商三二模英語試題考生注意：考試時間120分鐘，試卷滿分140分。本次考試設(shè)試卷和答題紙兩部分。所有答題必須涂（選擇題）或?qū)懀ǚ沁x擇題）在答題紙上，做在試卷上一律不得分。3?答題前，務(wù)必在答題紙上填寫準(zhǔn)考證號和姓名，并將核對后的條形碼貼在指定位置上，在答題紙反面清楚地填寫姓名。I.ListeningComprehensiontwoSectionA10%twoDirections: InSectionA.youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweenspeakers.Attheendofeachconversationaquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleansweronyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.ColdSunnyRainyD.Cloudy1.A.ColdSunnyRainyD.Cloudy2.A.110minutesB.120minutesC.130minutesD.140minutes2.A.110minutesB.120minutesC.130minutesD.140minutesA.ShopassistantandcustomerC.ProfessorandstudentA.ShopassistantandcustomerC.ProfessorandstudentA.InameetingroomC.AtabookingofficeA.Amovie B.AlectureBossandassistantHusbandandwifeInarefereneeroomD.AtapolicestationAplay D.AspeechA.Thewomanshouldn 'tbesoupsetHe'sanhourlaterfortheinterview.A.Thewomanshouldn 'tbesoupsetHe'sanhourlaterfortheinterview.ThewomanshouldbepatientD.HeThewomanshouldbepatientD.He'stoonervoustocalmdownA.Themanisintelligentenough B.ThemandoesnotworkhardenoughThemanshouldgetsomesleep D.Themanishard-working.A.Hedoesn'tenjoybusinesstripsasmuchasheusedto.HewantstospendmoretimewithhisfamilyHedoesn'tthinkheiscapableofdoingthejobHethinksthepayistoolowtosupporthisfamilyA.Thewomandoesn 'thavemoneyforherson'sgraduatestudiesBThewomandoesn 'tthinkhersonwillgetabusinessdegreeThewomaninsiststhathersonshouldmajorinscienee.ThewomanadviseshersontothinktwicebeforemakinghisdecisionA.Itranintoanothercar B.ItfellintoariverandsankC.ItbrokedownontheroadItlefttheroadandIandedinafield

C.ItbrokedownontheroadSectionB15%Directions:InSectionB.youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingrecording.A.NoiseB.SmokingC.LitterD.DrinkingA.Atourguide B.Aconductor C.Ateacher D.AlawyerA.TopreparepeopleforinternationaltravelTomakethelawsofdifferentkindsToinformpeopleofthepunishmentforbreakinglawsTogiveadvicetotravelerstothecountryQuestions14through16arebasedonthefollowingrecordingAConferencewiththecoursetutorC.PunctualityandpolitenessA.InformtheteacherinadvanceAConferencewiththecoursetutorC.PunctualityandpolitenessA.InformtheteacherinadvanceC.DropoutofthecourseB.ActiveattendanceandcommitmentD.DebateandessaypreparationB.JustdonotchoosethecourseMakeituplaterA.OnethatiswrittenbyhandC.OnethatisrevisebythetutorA.OnethatiswrittenbyhandC.OnethatisrevisebythetutorB.OnethatisoriginalD.OnethatkeepstotheinstructionsQuestions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.A.Hiskneesandfingersache B.Hedoesn'tfeellikeeatingC.Hecan'tsleepverywell D.HisbloodpressureishighA.SheaskshimtohaveinjectionsandatreatmentwithraysB.SheaskshimtohaveanoperationandatreatmentwithraysC.SheaskshimtohaveagoodrestandatreatmentwithraysD.SheaskshimtohavesomeherbalmedicineandatreatmentwithraysB.ThreetimesaweekforD.TwentytimesfortwoweeksB.SitbythestoveB.ThreetimesaweekforD.TwentytimesfortwoweeksB.SitbythestoveD.Takecoldbaths.sevenC.ThreetimesaweeksforthreeweeksA.UsehotwaterpadsC.DrinkcoldwaterII.GrammarandvocabularySectionA10%Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword:fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.JimThompsonJimThompson'slifestoryisoneofsuccess,achievement,andfinallymysterybecausenooneknowshowitended.ThompsonwasborninDelaware(21) theeastcoastoftheUnitedStatesin1906.Afterfinishinghighschool,ThompsonwenttoPrincetonUniversityandlaterstudiedarchitectureattheUniversityofPennsylvania.Aftergraduation,JimThompsonworkedasanarchitectinNewYorkCityuntil1940.Notlongafterthis,hevolunteered(22) (serve)intheU.S.Army.DuringWorldWarII,ThompsongatheredintelligenceforthearmyinThailand.ItwasthisfirsttasteoflifeintheFarEast(23) changedThompson'slife.Hesawopportunitiestodeveloptourismthere,becoming(24) (involve)inanambitiousschemetorestoretheOrientalHotel.Whilethehotelplanfellthrough,bythattimeThompsonhadhituponanotherschemethatwouldeventuallymakehimamillionaire.WhiletravelingaroundThailand,hecameacross(25) heconsideredexquisite(精美的)samplesofhandwovenThaisilk,aproductthat(26) (become)rare.HepersuadedtheweaverstoworkwithhimandmarketedthesilkinNewYork,(27) itbecameverypopular.Asaconsequence,theThaisilkindustrywasrevived(復(fù)興)andthebusinessmadeThompsonandsomeoftheweaversverywealthy.Withhissuccessinthesilkbusiness,JimThompsoncontinuedhisoriginalinterestinarchitectureontheside.HefoundsixtraditionalThaihousesandhad(28) broughttoBangkokandreassembledthereasonemagnificenthouse.Today,notonlyisitabeautifulhouseinsideandout,(29) itisalsofilledwiththeworksofartThompsoncollected.In1967duringaholidayinMalaysia,hewentforawalkintheJungleanddisappearedforever.Tothisday,noclues(30) (find)astowhathappenedtothiswealthyAmericanbusinessmanwhoiscreditedwithsingle-handedlyrevivingtheThaisilkindustry.SectionB10%Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.concern B.dramatic C.equivalentD.frequently E.impactF.imposedG.representativeH.observedI.residentsJ.significantly K.strategiesMentallyandIntellectuallyHarmfulLastmonth,theIndianMedicalAssociationdeclaredapublichealthemergencyinNewDelhibecauseofhighlevelsofairpollution.Schoolswereshutandemergencytrafficrestrictionsputinplace.NewDelhiisfarfromalone.Ourresearchintothe 31 ofairpollutioninChinashowsthat,inadditiontothemoreobviousphysicalprice,airpollutioncanalsohaveseriousnegativeeffectsonmentalhealthandcognition (認(rèn)知), 32 reducingaperson 'shappinessandtheirscoresinverbalandmathematicaltests.Suchharmfulmentaleffectshaveseriousnegativeconsequencesforlivelihoodsandhumancapitaldevelopment,suggestingthatdevelopment___33 shouldgobeyondthetraditionalfocusofboostingGDPinthedevelopingworld.India'srecentpollutionemergencyisthemost___34___incidence（發(fā)生率）ofdangerousairpollution,butsmoggyskieshavebeenacauseofgrowing___35 inmostdevelopingcountries.Majorcitiesacrossthedeveloping world---from ThailandtoBrazil,toNigeria---___36 experiencepollutionatseveraltimestheWHOsafelimits.Infact,98%ofcitieswithmorethan100.000___37___inlowandmiddle-incomecountriesfailtomeettheWHO 'sairqualityguidelines.India'sextremelevelsofairpollutionarewellrecognized,andexaminingtheeffectsprovidesclearwarningsforothercountriesseekingfastgrowththroughrapidindustrialization.Weusednationally___38___longitudinal（縱向）surveysonmentalhealthandcognition,matchedwithdailyairqualitydataforthetimeandplaceofinterviews,toseewhatpollutiondoesinagiventimetoindividualhappinessandcognitiveperformance.Becauseeachpersoninoursurveywas__39___multipletimes,wecancontrolfortheeffectofindividualcharacteristicsontheoutcomevariables.Wefoundthatworseningairqualityledtoadecreaseinhappinessthatday__40___toabout10percentofthereducedhappinessonewouldexperienceformanegativemajorlifeeventsuchasdivorce.ReadingComprehensionSectionA15%Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Globalization:GoodorBad?Globalizationisdefinedinmanyways.Onesimple__41__isthatitistherapidincreaseininternationalfreetrade,investment,andtechnologicalexchange.Itisarguedthatthisinternationaltradehasbeenoneofthemaincausesofworldeconomic__42___overthepasthalfcentury.Althoughthereislittledoubtthattheglobaleconomyhasdevelopedenormouslyinthelast50years,somepeoplebelievethatthistrendhasonlybenefitedcertaincountries,andthatothershavesufferedasaresult.Improvedincome?Anargument__43___globalizationisthatthebenefitsofincreasedinternationaltradearesharedamongeveryoneinthecountry.AnexampleofthisisChina,wherepercapitaincome（人均收入）rosefromabout$1400in1980toover$4000by2000.___44 percapitaincomerosebyover100%inIndiabetween1980and1996.Itwouldappearthatcountrieswhichopentheirdoorstoworldtradetendtobecome___45 .However,thesesortsof___46__mightnotbegivingatruepicture.Theyare“average”,anddespitethefactthattherehasbeenasubstantialincreaseInincomeforasmallminorityofpeople,thevastmajorityhaveonlyseena___47___improvement.Moreimports,moreexportsSupportersoffreetradepointoutthatthereisanotherdirectbenefittobegainedfromanincreaseininternationaltrade:exports___48___imports.Takecoffeeasanexample.Countrieswhichproduceandexportcoffeeimportthepackagingforit:a(n)___49__tradewhichenablescommercetodevelopintwocountriesatthesametime.___50___maintainthat,ingeneral,itispoorercountriesthatproduceandexportfoodsuchascoffee,andrichercountriesthatproduceandexportmanufacturedgoodssuchaspackagingmaterials.Furthermore,itistherichercountriesthatcontrolthepriceofgoodand, 51___,farmersmaybeforcedtoselltheirproduceatalowpriceandtobuymanufacturedgoodsatahighprice.___52___developmentFinally,globalization often___53___acountrytoconcentrateonindustrieswhicharealreadysuccessful.Thesecountriesdevelopexpertise(專門技能)andincreasetheirshareintheinternationalmarket.Ontheotherhand,thosecountrieswhich___54___tosupportalltheirindustriesusuallydonotdevelopexpertiseinanyone.Consequently,thesecountriesdonotfindaworldmarketfortheirgoodsanddonotincreasetheirgrossdomesticproduct(GDP).Anti-globalistsclaimthatthereisaseriousprobleminthisargumentforthe___55___ofindustry.Countrieswhichonlyconcentrateononeortwomain

industriesareforcedtoimportothergoods.Theseimportedgoodarefrequentlyoverpriced,andthesedebts.countries,therefore,haveatendencytoaccumulatehuge41.A.indicationB.principleC.definitionD.factor42.A.systemsB.solutionC.crisisD.growth43.A.infavorofB.onaccountofC.withregardtoD.inhonourof44.A.FortunatelyB.SimilarlyC.UndoubtedlyD.Unusually45.A.freerB.greaterC.strongerD.wealthier46.A.figuresB.descriptionsC.countriesD.benefits47.A.severeB.slightC.furtherD.general48.A.overtakeB.qualifyC.fightD.require49.A.two-wayB.all-inclusiveC.officialD.legal50.A.SupportersB.AdvocatesC.CriticsD.Authorities51.A.otherwiseB.neverthelessC.thereforeD.besides52.A.GlobalB.IndustrialC.NationalD.Economical

53.A.encouragesB.restrictsC.forbidsD.forces54.A.stoprefuseB.continueC.failD.55.53.A.encouragesB.restrictsC.forbidsD.forces54.A.stoprefuseB.continueC.failD.55.A.globalizationB.transformationC.specializationD.identificationSectionB22%Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.ATheHarlemRenaissanceTheword“renaissance”means“rebirth”.TheHarlemRenaissancetookplaceduringthe1920s.ItwasatimewhentheAfricanAmericanartisticcommunitygrewandflourished,producingatonofworkinashortperiodoftime.TheworkcelebratedAfricanAmericancultureandspoketotheirexperiencesasminorities---boththegoodpartsandthebadparts.AftertheCivilWar,manyAfricanAmericanslefttheSouthtoescapeunfairtreatmentandlawsthatdiscriminatedagainstthem.Between1910and1920,massivenumbersofblackSouthernersmovedfromtheruralsouthintotheurbanNorthandWestintheGreatMigration.TheAfricanAmericanpopulationofChicagomorethandoubledduringthattime!AndinNewYork,AfricanAmericansflockedtouptownManhattan,settinginaneighborhoodcalledHarem.FormingacommunitywithinthebigcityletAfricanAmericanskeeptheirculturalidentityinawhite-dominatedsociety.Itwasagoodthing,andalotofimportantculturalissueswerebroughttolightduringtheHarlemRenaissance.OneofthemostimportantfiguresofthetimewastheAfricanAmericanwriter,W.E.BDuBois.Inhisbook,TheSoulsofBackFolk,in1903,DuBoiswrotethatAfricanAmericanssufferedfromsomethingcalled“doubleconsciousness ”.Theyhadtheirownself-imagewhiletheysawthemselvesthroughtheeyesofwhiteAmericans.AndperformerslikeJosephineBakerandPaulRobesonbroughtAfricanAmericanculturetoallNewYorkers.TheRenaissancewassoinfluentialthat“Harlem”grewintosomethingofabrandnameAfricanAmericanswerepushingboundariesacrossallaspectsofsociety.Blackbusinessesbegantoflourish,creatingagrowingmiddleclass,likeMadameC.J.Walker,whotunedhercosmeticslineintoamilliondollarempire.Alltogether,theartists,andthinkersofthisperiodhelpedmobilizethelargerblackpopulation.YoungAfrican-Americanstookadvantageofimprovedaccesstohighereducation.Thisopenedupnewcareerpathsandopportunitiestoattainadvanceddegrees.Perhapsmostimportantly,people---blackandwhite---beganthepushforracialintegration,plantingtheseedsofwhatwouldeventuallybecomethecivilrightsmovementofthe1960s.WhydidmanyAfricanAmericansleavetheSouthaftertheCivilWar?Toescapeslavery B.TofindjobsinagricultureC.Toavoidracialdiscrimination D.TogaincitizenshipHowdidW.E.B.DuBoiscontributetotheHarlemRenaissanee?HeledtomovementtoreturntoAfricaHecomposedfolkmusicbasedonAfricanAmericanthemeHewroteplaysabouttheAfrican-AmericanexperieneeHewroteaboutthestruggleforAfrican-AmericanidentityWhatcanyouinferabouttheeconomicstatusofAfricanAmericanspriortotheHarlemRenaissanee?NearlyallwereunemployedatthattimeThevastmajoritywereconsideredlowerclassMostwereregardedasmiddleclassAlargepercentagewererecognizedaswealthyWhatactorallowedmanymoreAfricaAmericanstopursuecareersinfieldslikemedicineandlaw?Spreadofblackbusinesses B.AccesstohighereducationC.Shiftfromagriculturetoindustry D.PushforunityamongallAfricansBSydneyOperaHouseToursWeofferthreedifferenttoursofthisiconicbuildings

TheEssentialTourbrigstolifethestoryThe tour concludeswithabehindthedesignand construction ofcomplimentary breakfastintheGreenonetheworld'smostfamousRoom,theprivate diningareaofIandmarks. Using interactiveperformerspastandpresent.audio-visualtechnology,yourguidewillTakesplace:Dailyat7amtakeyouonamemorable journeyPrices:$155.Noconcessions.insidetheyoungestbuildingevertobeTopurchase: Booking areessential.WorldHeritagelisted.Limitedto8peoplepertour.Afterwards,whynotstayaroundandOnlinesalesexpireat4:30pmtwodayseatattheStudioCaf e,withitsmodernprior.Australianmenu?YoucanbothenjoyNotes:Thetourincludesupto300steps.thebestviewsinSydneyandclaimaFlat,rubber-soled shoesmustbeworn.20%reductiononthetotalcostofyourForsafetyreasons, childrenof12yearsmeal.(Don'tforgettoshowyourticketoldandunderarenotpermitted.inordertoclaimyourdiscount)Language:English,French,GermanTakesplace:Dailybetween 9amandOperaHighTeaconsistsoftourwhere5pmyouwillwalkinthefootstepsofPrices:Adult$35/Online$29.75world-class singers, dancersandConcessions: Australian seniorsandmusicians, followedbyfinefoodandpensioners;studentsandchildrenof16musicinthespectacularsurroundingsofandunder$24.50theBennelongDiningRoom.Whatcould

Priorbookingsarenotessential.bebetterthanatreatofdeliciouslightsnacksandsoftdrinksfollowedbyaliverecitalbyaleadingAustraliansinger?The Backstage Tour gives youAnunforgettable treatforyoungandbackstageaccesstotheSydneyOperaold!House.Itisaunique opportunity toTakesplace:EverysecondWed,2pmexperienee thereal-lifedramasbehindDuration:1.5hoursthestage!YoumightevengettostandPrices:$45perpersonontheconcerthallstage,takeupaBookonlineorvisittheGuidedToursconductor'sbatonintheorchestrapitDesk.andimagineyouareleadingtheperformanee. Youwillalsogettoseeinsidethestars ' dressingrooms.Atravelerwillenjoyaperformaneeifhechooses .theEssentialTourB.theBackstageTourC.OperaHighTeaD.anyofthetoursJoiningtheBackstageTour,atraveler .isallowedtowearsneakerswhenstandingonthestagewillhaveanopportunitytobetheconductoroftheorchestracantakehisbigfamilyof8memberstofreebreakfastcanbuythediscountticketthedaybeforethetour

62.Ifacouplewhotravelledwith62.Ifacouplewhotravelledwithandhadamealof$150there,whatwouldthelowestcostbeifpaidincash?A.$203.25B.$214.5A.$203.25B.$214.5C.$225D.$239.25AsensationalnewscientificdiscoveryintheoceannearAustraliamayexplainshistory.Foryears,scholarsthemostmassiveextinctionoflivingthingsinEarthhavebeenfrustratedintryingtoanalyzewhy90to95percentofsealifeand75percentofandlifevanishedabout250millionyearsago.TheextinctionsweresoenormousthattheyarecalledTheGreatDying.Todate,someauthoritiesonancientlifethoughtthatavolcaniceruptionorasuddenchangeintheenvironmentaffectedalllifeonEarth.Otherspecialistshavedoubtedthesetheories,maintainingthatitwasnotplausiblethatasolovolcanocouldbringaboutsuchchaos.Fromtheoutset,criticsbelievedtheseclaimswereexaggerated.shistory.Foryears,scholarsBycontrast,thereiswideacceptanceoftheideathatameteor（ 流星）whichhitMexico'sYucatanpeninsula65millionyearsagowastheprimarycauseofthedinosaurs'extinction.Nevertheless,untilnowtheyhadnoevidenceofanintensemeteorimpact185millonyearsearlier.Nowtheydo.Americangeologistshavebeenexaminingrocksamplesfromadeepseacrater（火山口）nearthenorthwestcoastofAustralia.Thesampleswereinitiallycollectedandpreservedbypetroleumtechniciansseekingoil.Nowthegeologistsandtheircolleaguesbelievethattheprecisesplitsintherock'sstructureshowatypicalpatternformeteors.Thereisacleardistinctionfromvolcanicpatterns.Infact,a

spokespersonwentsofarastosaythattheserockscompletelyrevisethewayscientistsperceivethemassextinctionsfromtheancientera.Academicssaythatthemeteor'scratersthesizeofMountQomolangma,thehighestmountainonEarth!Literally,themeteormadeamarkonEarthasitdrownedinthesea.TheEarthcouldnotabsorbsuchaharshblowwithoutsustainingglobaldevastation.Thingsmusthavecometoastandstill.Evidently,theblowwasfatalformanyformsoflife.Bearinmindthatallthiswaslongbeforemammals---includinghumans--emergedinEarth'shistory.Still,wewouldbewisetopayattentiontothedamageameteorcancause.Fortunately,meteorstrikesonEartharefewandfar63.Theword63.Thewordplausible”(paragraph1)isclosestinmeaningtocavesA.availableB.incredibleC.reasonableD.ridiculousA.availableB.incredibleC.reasonableD.ridiculous64.Whydidn64.Whydidntthemeteoraffecthumanbeings?A.BecausetheywereveryresistantBecausethereweren A.BecausetheywereveryresistantBecausethereweren 'tanythenBecausetheylivedinisolatedareasBecausetheyhidthemselvesintheBecausetheylivedinisolatedareasBecausetheyhidthemselvesintheWhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.ScholarsagreedthatasinglevolcanocausedTheGreatDying75percentoflandlifecontinued250millionyearsagoVolcanicrocksandmeteorshavedifferentpatternsWhenthemeteorhitlandMountQomolangmasprangup.WhatisthebesttitleforthepassageA.TheDinosaurs 'End B.CrateronQomolangmaC.ContradictoryClaims D.AMeteor'sImpactSectionC8%sentenceDirections: Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.Indailylife,imitationcanhurtusifwesubconsciouslyholdpoorrolemodels.Creativepeoplehaveanendlessresourceofideas.Itishowtouseimaginationcreativelythattroublesus.Whyfollowsomeoneelse 'swayofcookingwhenIcouldcreatemyown?Butifyoubegintoenterthisfield,imitationprovesuseful.Ifyouaregoingtofollowsomeone,focusontheirtalent,nottheirbadcharacterorunacceptablebehaviors.Blindimitationisself-destruction.Tothosewhodonotrecognizetheiruniqueworth,imitationappearsattractive;tothosewhoknowtheirstrength,imitationisunacceptable.Intheearlystagesofskillorcharacterdevelopmentimitationishelpful.WhenIfirstlearnedtocook.Iusedrecipesandturnedoutsometastydishes.ButsoonIgrewbored. 67 Imitatingrolemodelsislikeusingtrainingwheelsonachild 'sbicycle;theyhelpyougetgoing,butonceyoufindyourownbalance,youflyfasterandfartherwithoutrelyingonthem.___68 If,asachild,youobservedpeoplewhoseliveswerebad,youmayhaveacceptedtheirfearandpainasnormalandgoneontofollowwhattheydid.Ifyoudonotmakestrongchoicesforyourself,youwillgettheresultsoftheweakchoicesofothers.Inthefieldofentertainment,ourcultureglorifiescelebrities.Thosestarslookgreatonscreen.Butwhentheystepoffscreen,theirpersonallivesmaybedisastrous. 69 Blessedisthepersonwillingtoatontheirsuddendesiretocreatesomethingunique.Thinkofthemovies,books,teachers,andfriendsthathaveaffectedyoumostdeeply.Theytouchedyoubecausetheircreationsweremotivatedbyinspiration,notdesperation.Theworldischangednotbythosewhodowhathasbeendonebeforethem,butbythosewhodowhathasbeendoneinsidethem. 70 Theproblemacreatorfacesisnotrunningoutofmaterial;itiswhattodowiththematerialknockingatthedoorofimagination.Studyyourrolemodels,acceptthegiftstheyhavegiven,andleavebehindwhatdoesnotserveyou.Thenyoucansay, “Istandontheshouldersofmyancestors'tragediesanddeclarevictory,andknowthattheyarecheeringmeon. ”SummaryWriting10%Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.BetterMemoryCausesBoredomAnewstudyshowsthatthebetteryourshort-termmemory,thefasteryoufeelfedupanddecideyou'vehadenough.ThefindingsappearintheJournalofConsumerResearch.NoelleNelson,assistantprofessorofmarketingandconsumerbehaviorattheUniversityofKansasSchoolofBusiness.SheandhercolleagueJosephReddenattheUniversityofMinnesotatriedtothinkoutsidethelunchbox. “Somethingthatwasinterestingtomeisthatsomepeoplegettiredofthingsatverydifferentrates.Whenyouthinkaboutpopsongsontheradio,somepeoplemuststillbeenjoyingthemandrequestingthemevenafterhearingthemalot.Butalotofotherpeoplearereallysickofthosesamesongs.”Thedifference,theresearcherssupposed,mighthavetodowithmemoriesofpastconsumption.Theresearcherstestedthememorycapacityofundergraduates.ThestudentsthenviewedarepeatingseriesofthreeclassicpaintingslikeTheStarryNight,AmericanGothic,andTheScreamorlistenedandre-listenedtoaseriesofthreepopsongsorthreepiecesofclassicalmusic.Throughoutthetest,theparticipantswereaskedtoratetheirexperienceonascaleofzerototen.Andthebettera