Lesson#1

課程#1

ExerciseBasics

演練根本知識(shí)CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention美國(guó)疾病預(yù)防控制中心Objectives具體目標(biāo)AftercompletingLesson1,youwillbeableto:在完成課程1后，你將能夠：?Distinguishbetweendifferentexercisetypes.區(qū)分不同類型的演練Identifythemaingoalsforconductingexercises.確定開(kāi)展演練的主要目的?Describethebuildingblockapproachtoexercises.描述開(kāi)展演練的模塊化方法Lesson1-Exercisebasics

練習(xí)1-演練根本知識(shí) Exercise– Somethingperformedorpracticedinordertodevelop,improve,ordisplayaspecificpowerorskill.演練-為開(kāi)展、提高或者展示特定的能力或技能而開(kāi)展的活動(dòng) -Merriam-Webster'sDictionaryDisasterexerciseprograms

防災(zāi)演練Disasterexerciseprogramsshould:防災(zāi)演練應(yīng)該：beginwithanassessmentofriskandcapabilities首先對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和能力進(jìn)行評(píng)估focusonspecificcapabilitieswithintheplanratherthanspecificthreats注重預(yù)案中的特定能力而不是特定威脅resultinimprovedexecutionoftheplanthroughtrainingandrevisionoftheplan最后通過(guò)培訓(xùn)和預(yù)案修訂以提高預(yù)案執(zhí)行能力Theplanningcycle

預(yù)案編制循環(huán)TRAINPLANEXERCISEIMPROVE培訓(xùn)回顧執(zhí)行情況Describetasks預(yù)案演練完善學(xué)習(xí)Learntasks描述PerformtasksReviewperformanceoftasks執(zhí)行Reasonsforconductingexercises

實(shí)施演練的原因Evaluateoperationsandplans.評(píng)估實(shí)際操作和預(yù)案Reinforceteamwork.加強(qiáng)團(tuán)隊(duì)協(xié)作Demonstrateresolvetoprepareforemergenciesanddisasters.驗(yàn)證處置突發(fā)事件和災(zāi)難的解決能力Clarifyrolesandresponsibilities.明確職責(zé)Reasonsforconductingexercises

實(shí)施演練的原因Improveinteragencycoordination.提高部門間協(xié)作Findresourcegaps.找出資源差距Developindividualperformance.提高個(gè)人能力Identifyopportunitiesforimprovement有時(shí)機(jī)完善預(yù)案Ultimately,weexercisetoimproveexecutionoftheplanwhenitisneededmost最終，我們演練的目的是在緊要關(guān)頭提高預(yù)案的執(zhí)行力TypesofExercises

演練類型Discussion-basedexercises討論式的演練Tabletopexercise

桌面推演Operations-baseexercises操作式的演練

Drills

操練Functionalexercise

專項(xiàng)演練FullScaleexercise

綜合演練Discussion-basedexercises

討論式的演練Provideaforumfordiscussingordevelopingplans,agreements,trainingandprocedures.舉辦一個(gè)討論會(huì)，進(jìn)行討論和編寫預(yù)案，取得共識(shí)，開(kāi)展培訓(xùn)及梳理流程Aregenerallylesscomplicatedthatoperations-basedtypes.通常沒(méi)操作式演練那么復(fù)雜Typicallyfocusonstrategic,policy-orientedissues.通常關(guān)注策略性、政策導(dǎo)向性問(wèn)題Donotinvolvedeploymentofresources.不涉及動(dòng)用資源PrimarilyTabletopExercises主要是桌面推演?Tabletopexercises

桌面推演

Involveseniorstaff,governmentofficials,orotherkeypersonnel涉及資深的工作人員，政府官員或者其他關(guān)鍵人物Informalgroupdiscussion非正式小組討論Usedtotestexistingplans,policies,orprocedureswithoutincurringthehighcosts用于檢驗(yàn)現(xiàn)有預(yù)案、政策或操作流程，而無(wú)需花費(fèi)太多Allowsparticipantstoworkthroughaproblemwithoutthepressureofanoperations-basedexercise允許參與人員在沒(méi)有操作式演練的壓力下處理問(wèn)題Goalsofatabletopexercise:

桌面推演的目標(biāo):Inatabletopexercise,participants:在桌面推演中，參與人員：Identifystrengthsandshortfalls.發(fā)現(xiàn)優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)?Enhanceunderstandingofnewconcepts.增進(jìn)對(duì)新概念的理解?Seektochangeexistingattitudesandperspectives.尋求改變現(xiàn)有態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)的時(shí)機(jī)Tabletopexercise

conductcharacteristics:

桌面推演的特征：?

Requiresanexperiencedfacilitator.需要有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的輔助人員?In-depthdiscussion.深度的討論?Slow-pacedproblemsolving.慢速地解決問(wèn)題Operations-basedexercises

操作式的演練Deploymentofresourcesandpersonnel.動(dòng)用資源和人力Morecomplexthandiscussion-based.比討論式的演練更加復(fù)雜Requireexecutionofplans,policies,agreements,andprocedures.需要執(zhí)行預(yù)案、政策、共識(shí)和操作流程Operations-basedexercises

操作式的演練Clarifyrolesandresponsibilities.明確職責(zé)Improveindividualandteamperformances.驗(yàn)證和提高個(gè)人和團(tuán)隊(duì)的執(zhí)行能力Includes

drills,functionalexercisesandfull-scaleexercises.包括操練、專項(xiàng)演練和綜合演練Drills操練Asupervisedactivitythattestsaspecificoperation

orfunctionofasingleagency.一種監(jiān)督下的行為，此行為用于檢驗(yàn)單一機(jī)構(gòu)特定的運(yùn)作或功能Goalsofadrill:

操練的目的：Inadrill,participants:在操練中，參與人員：?Gettrainingonnewequipment.得到新裝備的培訓(xùn)?Testnewprocedures.檢驗(yàn)新的操作流程?Practiceandmaintainskills.練習(xí)和維護(hù)技能Prepareformorecomplexexercises.準(zhǔn)備更加復(fù)雜的演練Characteristicsofdrillconduct

操練的特征

Immediatefeedback.迅速反響Realisticbutisolatedenvironment.真實(shí)但孤立的環(huán)境Functionalexercise

專項(xiàng)演練Afunctionalexerciseisasingleormulti-agencyactivitydesignedtoevaluatecapabilitiesandmultiplefunctionsusingsimulatedresponse.專項(xiàng)演練是單個(gè)或者多個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)的行為，該行為通過(guò)假設(shè)的應(yīng)急響應(yīng)來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)能力和多種功能Goalsofafunctionalexercise:

專項(xiàng)演練的目的：Inanfunctionalexercise,participants:在專項(xiàng)演練中，參與人員：?EvaluatemanagementofEmergencyOperationsCenters,commandposts,andheadquarters.評(píng)估應(yīng)急指揮中心、指揮所和指揮部的管理?Assessthecapacityofresponseplansandresources.評(píng)估應(yīng)急預(yù)案和資源的能力Functionalexerciseconductcharacteristics:

專項(xiàng)演練的特征：Simulateddeploymentofresourcesandpersonnel.假設(shè)動(dòng)用了資源和人力Rapidproblemsolving.快速解決問(wèn)題Highlystressfulenvironment.高度緊張環(huán)境Fullscaleexercise

綜合演練

Afull-scaleexerciseisahigh-stressmulti-agency,multi-jurisdictionalactivityinvolvingactualdeploymentofresourcesinacoordinatedresponse,asifarealincidenthadoccurred.

綜合演練是高度緊張的多機(jī)構(gòu)跨領(lǐng)域的行為，該行為在協(xié)調(diào)處置情況下實(shí)際動(dòng)用資源，就像突發(fā)事件真的發(fā)生一樣。Goalsofafullscaleexercise:

綜合演練的目標(biāo)：Inanfullscaleexercise,participants:在綜合演練中，參與人員：?Assessplansandproceduresundercrisisconditions.在危機(jī)下評(píng)估預(yù)案和操作流程?Evaluatecoordinatedresponsesundercrisisconditions.在危機(jī)下評(píng)估協(xié)同處置能力Fullscaleexerciseconductcharacteristics:

綜合演練的特征：Mobilizationofunits,personnel,andequipment.動(dòng)用部門、人員和設(shè)備Scriptedexercisescenario.設(shè)定的演練場(chǎng)景Stressful,realisticenvironment緊張真實(shí)的環(huán)境SummaryofExerciseCharacteristics

演練特征的概要Tabletop(discussion-based)桌面推演（討論式）–Seniorstaff,electedorappointedofficials,orother

keypersonnel.

–資深工作人員，遴選出或指定的官員，或其它關(guān)鍵人員Testsexistingplans,policies,orprocedures.Lowcost,Lowstressenvironment

檢驗(yàn)現(xiàn)有預(yù)案、政策或操作流程。低成本，低壓力環(huán)境SummaryofExerciseCharacteristics

演練特征的概要Drills–(operations-based)操練–（操作式）Testaspecificoperation

orfunctionofasingleagency;檢驗(yàn)單個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)特定的運(yùn)作或功能Gaintrainingonnewequipment,testnewprocedures,practiceandmaintainskills.獲得新裝備的培訓(xùn)，檢驗(yàn)新的操作流程，練習(xí)和維持技能Prepareformorecomplexexercises.

準(zhǔn)備更加復(fù)雜的演練SummaryofExerciseCharacteristics

演練特征的概要Functional–(operations-based)專項(xiàng)–（操作式）Asingleormulti-agencyactivitydesignedtoevaluatecapabilities,multiplefunctions.為單個(gè)或多個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)的行為，該行為用于評(píng)估能力和多種功能Simulateddeploymentofresourcesand

personnel.假設(shè)動(dòng)用資源和人力Requiresrapidproblemsolving,highlystressfulenvironment.需要快速解決問(wèn)題，高度緊張的環(huán)境SummaryofExerciseCharacteristics

演練特征的概要Fullscale–(operations-based)綜合–（操作式）Amulti-agency,multi-jurisdictionalactivity.多機(jī)構(gòu)、跨領(lǐng)域的行為Involvesactualdeploymentofresourcesinacoordinatedresponse,asifareal

incidenthadoccurred.協(xié)同處置時(shí)實(shí)際動(dòng)用資源，猶如突發(fā)事件真的發(fā)生Uses