專題15閱讀理解社會生活、議論類

I、2021年高考真題

（2021?新高考I卷?D篇）

Popularizationhasinsomecaseschangedtheoriginalmeaningofemotional

（情感的）intelligence.Manypeoplenowmisunderstandemotionalintelligence

asalmosteverythingdesirableinaperson'smakeupthatcannotbemeasuredbyan

IQtest,suchascharacter,motivation,confidence,mentalstability,optimismand

"peopleskills/'Researchhasshownthatemotionalskillsmaycontributetosome

ofthesequalities,butmostofthemmovefarbeyondskill-basedemotional

intelligence.

Weprefertodescribeemotionalintelligenceasaspecificsetofskillsthat

canbeusedforeithergoodorbadpurposes.Theabilitytoaccuratelyunderstand

howothersarefeelingmaybeusedbyadoctortofindhowbesttohelpher

patients,whileacheatermightuseittocontrolpotentialvictims.Being

emotionallyintelligentdoesnotnecessarilymakeoneamoralperson.

Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadof

whatresearchcanreasonablysupport,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhave

beenmorebeneficialthanharmful.Themostpositiveaspectofthis

popularizationisanewandmuchneededemphasis（重視）onemotionby

employers,educatorsandothersinterestedinpromotingsocialwell-being.The

popularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepublicand

researchersre-evaluatethefunctionalityofemotionsandhowtheyservepeople

adaptivelyineverydaylife.

Althoughthecontinuingpopularappealofemotionalintelligenceis

desirable,wehopethatsuchattentionwillexciteagreaterinterestinthe

scientificandscholarlystudyofemotion.Itisourhopethatincomingdecades,

advancesinsciencewilloffernewperspectives（視角）fromwhichtostudy

howpeoplemanagetheirlives.Emotionalintelligence,withitsfocusonboth

headandheart,mayservetopointusintherightdirection.

1.Whatisacommonmisunderstandingofemotionalintelligence?

A.ItcanbemeasuredbyanIQtest.

B.Ithelpstoexerciseaperson'smind.

C.Itincludesasetofemotionalskills.

D.Itreferstoaperson*spositivequalities.

2.Whydoestheauthormention"doctor"and"cheater"inparagraph2?

A.Toexplainarule.

B.Toclarifyaconcept.

C.Topresentafact.

D.Tomakeaprediction.

3.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence?

A.Favorable.B.Intolerant.C.Doubtful.D.Unclear.

4.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkaboutconcerningemotional

intelligence?

Altsappealtothepublic.

B.Expectationsforfuturestudies.

C.Itspracticalapplication.

D.Scientistswithnewperspectives.

【答案】DBAB

【解析】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要論述了什么是情商，以及情商普及的優(yōu)勢，

同時(shí)作者提出了對情商研究是未來期望。

1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干信息misunderstanding定位到第一段:Manypeoplenow

misunderstand...asalmosteverythingdesirableinaperson'smakeup...分析可知,大

多數(shù)人認(rèn)為情商就是構(gòu)成人性格中幾乎所有可取的部分，而后跟的句子suchas

character,motivation,confidence...則是作者在列舉一些情商中具體的優(yōu)良品質(zhì)。選

項(xiàng)D：它指的是一個(gè)人的優(yōu)良品質(zhì)，是該句的同義替換。故選D。

2,推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干信息的paragraph2,定位到第二段Weprefertodescribe

emotionalintelligenceas...；分析可知,我們更喜歡把情商稱作是一套特定的技能，

它既可以用于好的目的，也可以用于壞的目的。而后作者便分別列舉了doctor和

cheater用于解釋說明“好目的“和”壞目的“。由此我們可以推測，作者提及doctor

和cheater是為了闡明前句所提到的關(guān)于情商的概念。故選B。

3,推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干信息popularizationofemotionalintelligence定位到第三段：

Althoughpopularbeliefsregarding...theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmore

beneficialthanharmful.分析可知，雖然大眾對于情商的普遍認(rèn)知遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過了目前

研究可以支持的觀點(diǎn)，但是宣傳的總體效果（對于情商的發(fā)展研究）是利大于弊

的。而后作者便進(jìn)一步列舉了好處體現(xiàn)在哪些方面（themostpositiveaspectofthis

popularization...）o可知,作者對此態(tài)度是正向的、支持的。故選A。

4.主旨大意題。根據(jù)題干信息lastparagraph定位到最后一段Itisourhope

that...advancesinsciencewilloffernewperspectivesfromwhichtostudyhowpeople

managetheirlives.Emotionalintelligence...mayservetopointusintherightdirection.

分析可知，我們希望在未來的幾十年里，科學(xué)的進(jìn)步將為研究人們?nèi)绾喂芾碜约?/p>

的生活提供一個(gè)新的視角。而情商也許會給我們指明一個(gè)正確的方向。因此可以

得知，最后一段作者是在提出對于未來研究的期待和方向。B項(xiàng)中的Expectationsfor

futurestudies,符合題意。故選B。

（2021,浙江卷?B篇）

Weliveinatownwiththreebeaches.Therearetwoparkslessthan10

minutes1walkfromhomewhereneighbourhoodchildrengathertoplay.

However,whatmychildrenwanttodoafterschoolispickupascreen一any

screen-andstareatitforhours.Theyarenotalone.Today'schildrenspendan

averageoffourandahalfhoursadaylookingatscreens,splitbetweenwatching

televisionandusingtheInternet.

Inthepastfewyears,anincreasingnumberofpeopleandorganisationshave

beguncomingupwithplanstocounterthistrend.Acoupleofyearsago,

film-makerDavidBondrealisedthathischildren,thenagedfiveandthree,were

attachedtoscreenstothepointwherehewasabletosay"chocolate”intohis

three-year-oldson'searwithoutgettingaresponse.Herealisedthatsomething

neededtochange,and,beingaLondonmediatype,appointedhimself

"marketingdirectorfbrNature".Hedocumentedhisjourneyashesetabout

treatingnatureasabrandtobemarketedtoyoungpeople.TheresultwasProject

WildThing,afilmwhichchartsthebirthoftheWildNetwork,agroupof

organisationswiththecommongoalofgettingchildrenoutintonature.

“Justfivemoreminutesoutdoorscanmakeadifference,HDavidBondsays.

"Thereisalotofreallyinterestingevidencewhichseemstobesuggestingthatif

childrenareinspireduptotheageofseven,thenbeingoutdoorswillbeahabit

forlife.'1Hisownchildrenhavegotintothehabitofplayingoutsidenow:"We

justsendthemoutintothegardenandtellthemnottocomebackinforawhile."

Summerisuponus.Thereisanamazingworldoutthere,anditneedsour

childrenasmuchastheyneedit.Letusgetthemoutandletthemplay.

l.Whatistheproblemwiththeauthor'schildren?

A.Theyoftenannoytheneighbours.

B.Theyaretiredofdoingtheirhomework.

C.Theyhavenofriendstoplaywith.

D.Theystayinfrontofsereensfortoolong.

2.HowdidDavidBondadvocatehisidea?

A.Bymakingadocumentaryfilm.

B.Byorganizingoutdooractivities.

C.ByadvertisinginLondonmedia.

D.Bycreatinganetworkoffriends.

3.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword"charts"inparagraph2?

A.recordsB.predictsC.delaysD.confirms

4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.LetChildrenHaveFun

B.YoungChildrenNeedMoreFreeTime

C.MarketNaturetoChildren

D.DavidBond:ARoleModelforChildren

【答案】DAAC

【解析】本文作者以自己的孩子為例存在著長時(shí)間盯著電子屏幕的問題，從而引

出了電影導(dǎo)演DavidBond怎樣激勵(lì)自己的孩子們養(yǎng)成戶外活動、鍛煉身體的習(xí)慣

的做法。

1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第三句"However,whatmychildrenwanttodoafter

schoolispickupascreen—anyscreen—andstareatitforhours,"可知，作者的孩子

們放學(xué)之后只想看電子屏幕，并盯著看好幾個(gè)小時(shí)，故選D。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后兩句"Hedocumentedhisjourneyashesetabout

treatingnatureasabrandtobemarketedtoyoungpeople.TheresultwasProjectWild

Thing,afilmwhichchartsthebirthoftheWildNetwork,agroupoforganisationswith

thecommongoalofgettingchildrenoutintonature.“可知，作者記錄了自己的旅程，

并制作成電影，故選A。

3.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句話句意〃結(jié)果是ProjectWildThing,一部描繪

TWildNetwork誕生的電影，WildNetwork是一組以讓孩子們?nèi)谌氪笞匀粸楣餐?/p>

目標(biāo)的組織。〃可知，本句主要闡述作者拍攝的紀(jì)錄片ProjectWildThing記錄下了

組織WildNetwork的誕生，因此record（記錄、記載）與所猜詞匯最為接近，故

選Ao

4.主旨大意題。文章首段闡述現(xiàn)狀，即孩子們花太多時(shí)間在電子屏幕上，緊接著提

到了作者為呼吁孩子們走進(jìn)大自然拍攝了紀(jì)錄片，希望孩子們能多花些時(shí)間在戶

外運(yùn)動上。因此本篇文章主要內(nèi)容為：向孩子們“推銷”自然，故選C。

（202L3月天津卷?B篇）

Aboutfiveweeksago,Inoticedtheskinofourpetlizard（蜥蜴）was

growingdusty.Itworriedme.Ireportedthestrangesurfaceontheskinofthe

lizardtomyhusbandandchildrenthenextmorning.Secondslater,ourlizard

emergedfromitstankwithitsoldskinflowingbehindit.

Ididn'tthinkaboutitmuchuntilamorninglastweekwhenIknockedmy

favoriteteapotoffthetable.Itburstintohundredsofpieces.AsIsweptupthe

mess,Iwonderedwhywehadbeenbreakingsomanythingsoverthemonths.

Thedestructionstartedthreemonthsago.Itwasmyhusband'sbirthday.He

hadjustlosthisjob.Theuncertaintywasstartingtowearonus,soIwantedto

dosomethingspecial.

"LetsmakeacakeforDad!"Icried.

Mykidsscreamedwithjoy.Webaked,icedandsprinkledformostofthe

day.Candlesonthecake!Balloonsonthewalls!Flowersonthetable!

Twohoursbeforemyhusbandcamebackhomefromanotherjobinterview,

mydaughterclimbeduptograbaglassvasefromahighshelf.Itfelland

crashedbesidethecake.Tinypiecesofglasswereeverywhere.Shesobbed

loudlyasIthrewthecakeaway.Myhusbandhadbananapuddingforhis

birthday.

Threedaysago,thelightinourlivingroomsuddenlywentout.Afterseveral

frustratinghoursofunsuccessfulattemptstofixit,myhusbandsuggested

watchingtheMichaelJordandocumentary（2己錄片）seriesTheLastDance.

Thepoignancy（酸楚）ofJordanretiringfromhisbelovedbasketballtoplay

baseballandwhathadpushedhimtomakesuchatoughdecisiontookmeby

surprise.AsIwatchedhimtakeoffhisbasketballuniformandreplaceitwitha

baseballuniform,Isawhimleavingbehindthelayerthatnolongerservedhim,

justasourlizardhad.Neitherofthemchosethemomentthathadtransformed

them.Buttheyhadtolivewithwhotheywereaftereverythingwasdifferent.

Justlikeus.Irealizedthatwehavetolearntoleavethepastbehind.

Humansdonotshedskin（蛻皮）aseasilyasotheranimals.Thebeginningof

changeisupsetting.Theprocessistiring.Damagechangesusbeforeweare

ready.Iseeourlizard,rawandnearlynew.

Jordansaidthatnomatterhowitends,itstartswithhope.Withourtender,

hopefulskin,thatiswherewebegin.

l.WhatcanwelearnaboutthepetlizardfromParagraph1?

A.Itstankgrewdirty.

Bitsoldskincameoff.

C.ltgotaskindisease.

D.ltwentmissing.

2.Whydidtheauthor'shusbandhavebananapuddingforhisbirthday?

A.Thebirthdaycakewasruined.

B.Theauthormadegoodpuddings.

C.Puddingwashisfavoritedessert.

D.Theycouldn'taffordabirthdaycake.

3.WhydoestheauthormentionTheLastDanceinthepassage?

A.Toproveatheory.

B.Todefineaconcept.

C.Todevelopthetheme.

D.Toprovidethebackground.

4.Theunderlinedpart"leavingbehindthelayer"inParagraph8canbeunderstood

as.

A.lettinggoofthepast

B.lookingforanewjob

C.gettingridofabadhabit

0.givingupanopportunity

S.Whatdoestheauthormostlikelywanttotellus?

A.Loveoffamilyhelpsussurvivegreathardships.

Bit'snottheendoftheworldifwebreakthings.

C.Weshouldmoveonnomatterwhathappens.

D.Pastexperiencesshouldbetreasured.

【答案】BACAC

【解析】文章大意：這是一篇夾敘夾議文。講述了作者的丈夫剛剛丟了工作，這

種不確定性開始影響到家人，直到作者看到家里的寵物蜥蜴換皮和觀看了Michael

Jordan的紀(jì)錄片《最后的舞蹈》后，領(lǐng)悟到我們必須學(xué)會把過去拋在腦后，像蜥

蜴一樣，用我們?nèi)崮邸⒊錆M希望的皮膚，作為人生的起點(diǎn)。

1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句"Ireportedthestrangesurfaceontheskinof

thelizardtomyhusbandandchildrenthenextmorning.Secondslater,ourlizard

emergedfromitstankwithitsoldskinflowingbehindit.（第二天早上，我向丈夫和孩

子們報(bào)告了蜥蜴皮膚上奇怪的表面。幾秒鐘后，我們的蜥蜴從水箱里出來，舊皮

膚蛻了下來）"可知，寵物蜥蜴舊的皮膚脫落了。故選：Bo

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段"Twohoursbeforemyhusbandcamebackhomefrom

anotherjobinterview,mydaughterclimbeduptograbaglassvasefromahigh

shelf...Myhusbandhadbananapuddingforhisbirthday.（就在我丈夫參加另一場工作

面試回家前兩個(gè)小時(shí)，我女兒爬到一個(gè)高高的架子上，抓起一個(gè)玻璃花瓶。它掉

下來摔碎在蛋糕旁邊。到處都是細(xì)小的玻璃碎片。我把蛋糕扔掉時(shí)，她大聲抽泣。

我丈夫生日吃了香蕉布丁）"可知，作者的丈夫過生日吃了香蕉布丁是因?yàn)樯盏?/p>

糕毀了。故選：Ao

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段"Thepoignancy（酸楚）ofJordanretiringfromhis

belovedbasketballtoplaybaseballandwhathadpushedhimtomakesuchatough

decisiontookmebysurprise....Neitherofthemchosethemomentthathad

transformedthem....Justlikeus.Irealizedthatwehavetolearntoleavethepast

behind.（Jordan從心愛的籃球退役，轉(zhuǎn)而打棒球，這是多么令人痛心的事情，是

什么促使他做出如此艱難的決定，讓我感到驚訝。當(dāng)我看著他脫下籃球服，換上

棒球服時(shí)，我看到他脫下了那層不再適合他的衣服，就像我們的蜥蜴一樣。他們

都沒有選擇那個(gè)改變了他們的時(shí)刻。但他們必須和自己生活在一起因?yàn)橐磺卸甲?/p>

了。就像我們一樣。我意識到我們必須學(xué)會把過去拋在腦后）"以及最后一段

"Jordansaidthatnomatterhowitends,itstartswithhope.Withourtender,hopeful

skin,thatiswherewebegin.（Jordan說，不管結(jié)局如何，都是以希望開始的。用

我們?nèi)崮?、充滿希望的皮膚，那是我們的起點(diǎn)）"可推知，作者在文章中提到The

LastDance是為了展開文章關(guān)于放手過去，重新開始的主題。故選：C。

4.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后文"Neitherofthemchosethemomentthathad

transformedthem..Justlikeus.Irealizedthatwehavetolearntoleavethepastbehind.

（他們都沒有選擇那個(gè)改變了他們的時(shí)刻。但他們必須和自己生活在一起因?yàn)橐?/p>

切都變了。就像我們一樣。我意識到我們必須學(xué)會把過去拋在腦后）"可知，作者

看著喬丹脫下籃球服，換上棒球服時(shí)，意識到看到他放開了過去，把過去拋在腦

后了。即畫線詞意思是"放開過去“。故選：Ao

5,推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段"Humansdonotshedskin（蛻皮）aseasilyasother

animals..」seeourlizard,rawandnearlynew.（人類不像其他動物那樣容易蛻皮。變

革的開始令人不安。這個(gè)過程很累人。傷害在我們準(zhǔn)備好之前就改變了我們。我

看到了我們生嫩的、幾乎是全新的蜥蜴）"以及最后一段"Jordansaidthatno

matterhowitends,itstartswithhope.Withourtender;hopefulskin,thatiswherewe

begin.（Jordan說，不管結(jié)局如何，都是以希望開始的。用我們?nèi)崮?、充滿希望的

皮膚，那是我們的起點(diǎn)）“可推知，作者最有可能想告訴我們無論發(fā)生什么，我們

都應(yīng)該繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。故選：Co

（202L3月天津卷?D篇）

Thereissomethingtobesaidforbeingageneralist,evenifyouarea

specialist.Knowingalittleaboutalotofthingsthatinterestyoucanaddtothe

richnessofawhole,well-livedlife.

Societypushesustospecialize,tobecomeexperts.Thisrequires

commitmenttoaparticularoccupation,branchofstudyorresearch.The

drawbacktobeingspecialistsisweoftencometoknowmoreandmoreabout

lessandless.Thereisagreatdealofpressuretomasterone'sfield.Youmay

pursuetraining,degrees,orincreasinglevelsofresponsibilityatwork.Thenyou

discoverthepressureofhavingtokeepup.

SomepeopleseemwillingtoworkaroundtheclockintheirnaiTow

specialty.Butsuchcommitmentcanalsoweakenasenseoffreedom.These

specialistscouldworkattheofficeuntilteneachnight,thenlookbackand

realizetheywouldhavelovedtohavegonehomeandenjoyedthesweetnessof

theirfamilyandfriends,ortraveledtoexcitingplaces,meetinginteresting

people.Masteringonethingtotheexclusion（并F除）ofotherscanholdback

yourtruespirit.

Generalists,ontheotherhand,knowalotaboutawiderangeofsubjectsand

viewthewholewithallitsconnections.Theyarepeopleofability,talent,and

enthusiasmwhocanbringtheirbroadperspective（視角）intospecificfieldsof

expertise（專長）.Thedoctorwhoisalsoapoetandphilosopherisasuperior

doctor,onewhocangivesomuchmoretohispatientsthanjustgoodmedical

skills.

Thingsareconnected.Letyourexpertiseinonefieldfuelyourpassionsin

allrelatedareas.Someofyourinterestsmaynotappeartobeconnectedbut,

onceyouexploretheirdepths,youdiscoverthattheyare.MyeditorToni,whois

alsoawriter,haseditedseveralhistorybooks.ShehasdecidedtostudyChinese

history.FascinatedbythestructuralbeautyoftheForbiddenCityasapainter,

sheisequallyinterestedtolearnmoreaboutChinesephilosophy.nIdon'tknow

whereitwilllead,butI'mexcitedPmonthispursuit."

Theseexpansionsintonewworldshelpusbygivingusnewperspectives.

Webegintoseetheinterconnectednessofonethingtoanotherinallaspectsof

ourlife,ofourselvesandtheuniverse.Developbroad,generalknowledgeand

experience.Theuniverseisallyourstoexploreandenjoy.

l.Tobecomeaspecialist,onemayhaveto.

A.narrowhisrangeofknowledge

B.avoidresponsibilitiesatwork

C.knowmoreaboutthesociety

D.broadenhisperspectiveonlife

2.ThespecialistsmentionedinParagraph3tendto.

A.treasuretheirfreedom

B.travelaroundtheworld

C.spendmosttimeworking

D.enjoymeetingfunnypeople

3.Accordingtotheauthor,asuperiordoctorisonewho.

A.isfullyawareofhistalentandability

B.isapurespecialistinmedicine

C.shouldlovepoetryandphilosophy

0.bringsknowledgeofotherfieldstowork

4.WhatdoestheauthorintendtoshowwiththeexampleofToni?

A.Passionalonedoesnotensureaperson'ssuccess.

B.In-depthexplorationmakesdiscoveriespossible.

C.Everyonehasachancetosucceedintheirpursuit.

0.Seeminglyunrelatedinterestsareinawayconnected.

5.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.BeMoreaGeneralistThanaSpecialist

B.SpecialistorGeneralist:HardtoDecide

C.TurnaGeneralistintoaSpecialist

D.WaystoBecomeaGeneralist

【答案】ACDDA

【解析】本文是議論文。文章論述了要當(dāng)一個(gè)多面手，而不是當(dāng)某方面的專家。

1■.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段第二、三句"Thisrequirescommitmenttoaparticular

occupation,branchofstudyorresearch.Thedrawbacktobeingspecialistsisweoften

cometoknowmoreandmoreaboutlessandless.（成為專家需要對特定的職業(yè)、研

究領(lǐng)域的投入。成為專家的缺點(diǎn)是我們常常對越來越少的知識領(lǐng)域了解得越來越

多。）"可知，要成為一名專家，了解到的知識領(lǐng)域會越來越少，會縮小他的知識

范圍。故選A。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段中提到"Somepeopleseemwillingtoworkaround

theclockintheirnarrowspecialty...Thesespecialistscouldworkattheofficeuntilten

eachnight,...（有些人似乎愿意在他們狹隘的專業(yè)領(lǐng)域夜以繼日地工作。..…這些專家

可以每天晚上在辦公室工作到十點(diǎn)。）"可知，這些專家往往花大部分的時(shí)間在工

作上。故選C。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段最后一句"Thedoctorwhoisalsoapoetand

philosopherisasuperiordoctor,onewhocangivesomuchmoretohispatientsthan

justgoodmedicalskills.（這位既是詩人又是哲學(xué)家的醫(yī)生是一位優(yōu)秀的醫(yī)生，他能

給他的病人提供比良好的醫(yī)術(shù)更多的東西。）"可知，作者認(rèn)為一名優(yōu)秀的醫(yī)生可

以將其他領(lǐng)域的知識帶到工作中。故選D。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段第一、二句"Thingsareconnected.Letyourexpertise

inonefieldfuelyourpassionsinallrelatedareas.Someofyourinterestsmaynot

appeartobeconnectedbut,onceyouexploretheirdepths,youdiscoverthattheyare.

（事物之間是有聯(lián)系的。讓你在一個(gè)領(lǐng)域的專長激發(fā)你在所有相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的熱情。

你的一些興趣可能看起來沒有聯(lián)系，但一旦你深入探索，你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)它們是有聯(lián)

系的。）"以及下文舉出Toni的例子"MyeditorToni,whoisalsoawriter,hasedited

severalhistorybooks.ShehasdecidedtostudyChinesehistory.Fascinatedbythe

structuralbeautyoftheForbiddenCityasapainter,sheisequallyinterestedtolearn

moreaboutChinesephilosophy.（我的編輯Toni也是一位作家，她編輯過兒本歷史

書。她已決定學(xué)習(xí)中國歷史。作為一名畫家，她癡迷于紫禁城的建筑之美，同時(shí)

也對更多地了解中國哲學(xué)感興趣。）"可以推斷，作者想通過Toni的例子說明看似不

相關(guān)的興趣，如果深入探索的話，在某種程度上是有聯(lián)系的。故選D。

5.最佳標(biāo)題題。文章第一段第一句提出觀點(diǎn)"Thereissomethingtobesaidforbeing

ageneralist,evenifyouareaspecialist.（作者提出即使你是一個(gè)專家，也應(yīng)該當(dāng)一

個(gè)通才）"o根據(jù)文章第二段第三句"Thedrawbacktobeingspecialistsisweoften

cometoknowmoreandmoreaboutlessandless,"可知，成為專家的不足之處是我

們常常對越來越少的知識領(lǐng)域了解得越來越深。根據(jù)文章第四段第一句

"Generalists,ontheotherhand,knowalotaboutawiderangeofsubjectsandview

thewholewithallitsconnections."可知，當(dāng)通才的優(yōu)點(diǎn)往往對廣泛的學(xué)科了解得很

多，并從整體上來看其中的所有的聯(lián)系。根據(jù)上述內(nèi)容可知，作者的觀點(diǎn)是應(yīng)該

當(dāng)一個(gè)通才。因此文章的標(biāo)題應(yīng)為"BeMoreaGeneralistThanaSpecialist一個(gè)

通才，而不是專家）"。故選A。

11>2021年高考模擬試題

（2021?天津十二區(qū)縣聯(lián)考2?閱讀理解D篇）

Theplayingfieldisneverevenorequal.Yourskillsandattitudeplayamajorrolein

theoutcome.Knowingwhatyoucandotohaveanadvantagecanmakethedifference

betweensuccessandfailure.

Mykidstellmeit'sunfairtoplaywiththebigchildren.Itellthemthat'sright.

Unfairnessisagoodthing.Thereismoretobegainedbytheeffortwhenthingsseem

unfair.Itistruethatmanythingsintheworldareunfair.Butunfairthingsusuallycan

beaboontoyou.Forexample,theearlybirdcatchestheworm.Itisunfairthatthe

birdthatsleepsinmissesoutonbreakfastbutitisnicetoknowthatifitgetsupearlyit

issuretogettheworm.

Ialwaystrytoexplaintomykidsthatcomplainingabouthowunfairsomethingis

willgetthemnowhere.Instead,makethemostoutofitandgetontheothersideofit.

Onceyoudothatyouareintheadvantage.Aboveall,youhavetofocusongainingthat

unfairadvantageandinordertodothat,buildyourinnerstrength,Whenyou

empower（武裝）yourself,youaregainingskillsorabilities,confidenceand

self-esteem（自尊）.

Youshouldlookatyourplaceintheworld.Wheredoyouwantiobefinancially,

spiritually,emotionally,andphysically?Youarecreatingyourownstorywhenyou

empoweryourself.

Youcanbuildalltheadvantagesthatyouneedtolivethelifethatyouwant.Ifyou

haven'tyet,youneedtomakealistofallthethingsyouwanttoexperienceinyour

newlife.Thiswillhelpyoufocusonbuildingadvantagessothatyouneverhavetosay

thatit'sNotFair.Whenyoudothisthenyouwillbeabletorealizethatunfairnessisa

goodthingandyouwillwanttoteachthosearoundyoutoseeunfairnessinthisway

too.

1.Whatdocstheunderlinedword"boon"inParagraph2probablymean?

A.Somethingthatisveryterrible.B.Somethingthatisveryhelpful

C.SomethingthatisverykindD.Somethingthatisveryscared

2.Whatcanweinferfromtheexampleoftheplayingfieldusedbytheauthor?

A.Theauthorwantstointroducehistopic

B.Theauthorwantstosupporthisopinion

C.Hewantstellusthathavinganadvantageisneeded

D.Hewantstoshowskillsandattitudesareimportantinplayinggames

3.Whatisthebestwaytodealwithunfairnessaccordingtotheauthor?

A.Justacceptit.B.Thytochangeit.

C.Simplyignoreit.D.Makegooduseofit.

4.Youaretoldtolookatyourplaceintheworldinorderto.

A.makeyourselfbetterB.beproudofyourself

C.havemoreconfidenceD.knowothers'advantages

5.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Thewaytoliveahappylife.B.Therightattitudetounfairness.

C.Beingpatientenoughtosucceed.D.Stayingcalmwhentreatedbadly.

【答案】BADAB

【解析】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。主要講述對待不公平的正確態(tài)度。

1.詞句猜測題。由文章第二段中的轉(zhuǎn)折詞"But”可知，劃線詞應(yīng)是褒義的，再結(jié)合

TiwForexample,theearlybirdcatchestheworm.（例如，早起的鳥兒有蟲吃）”，

說明劃線詞應(yīng)是指“有幫助的"意思。故選B項(xiàng)。

2.推理判斷題。由文章第一段"Theplayingfieldisneverevenorequal.Yourskillsand

attitudeplayamajorroleintheoutcome.Knowingwhatyoucandotohavean

advantagecanmakethedifferencebetweensuccessandfailure.（競技場從來就不是

平等的。你的技能和態(tài)度對結(jié)果起著重要作用。知道你可以做什么來獲得優(yōu)勢可

以決定成功和失?。笨芍恼率锥蔚哪康膽?yīng)是引出話題。故選A項(xiàng)。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段"Ialwaystrytoexplaintomykidsthatcomplaining

abouthowunfairsomethingiswillgetthemnowhere.Instead,makethemostoutofit

andgetontheothersideofit.Onceyoudothatyouareintheadvantage.（我總是試

圖向我的孩子們解釋，抱怨某件事是多么的不公平，對他們沒有任何好處。相反,

你應(yīng)該充分利用它，站在它的另一面（考慮）。一旦你這樣做了,你就處于優(yōu)勢了）"

可知，在作者看來充分利用不公平是對待不公平本身最好的方法。故選D項(xiàng)。

4.推理判斷題。由文章第四段"Youshouldlookatyourplaceintheworld.Wheredo

youwantiobefinancially,spiritually,emotionally,andphysically?Youarecreating

yourownstorywhenyouempoweryourself.（你應(yīng)該看看你在世界上的位置。你想

在經(jīng)濟(jì)上、精神上、情感上和身體上處于什么位置？當(dāng)你賦予自己力量時(shí)，你正

在創(chuàng)造自己的故事）”以及第五段"Youcanbuildalltheadvantagesthatyouneedto

livethelifethatyouwant.（你可以建立所有你需要的優(yōu)勢,過上你想要的生活）”

可知，看清你在這個(gè)世界上的位置是為了讓你變得更好。故選A項(xiàng)。

5,主旨大意題。由文章第五段“Whenyoudothisthenyouwillbeabletorealizethat

unfairnessisagoodthingandyouwillwanttoteachthosearoundyoutosee

unfairnessinthiswaytoo.（當(dāng)你這樣做的時(shí)候，你就會意識到不公平是一件好事，

你也會想要教會你周圍的人以這種方式看待不公平）〃結(jié)合文章主要圍繞對待不

公的正確態(tài)度展開可知，B項(xiàng)表述正確。故選B項(xiàng)。

（2021,寶城區(qū)三模?閱讀理解D篇）

Thosewithclosedmindsrefusedtoconsideranycontradictoryfacts,andthey

proceedwiththeirplannedcourseofaction,fullspeedahead,withtheirz/mindsmade

up〃andtightlyshut.Asanillustration,considerthesituationin1986,priortothe

spaceshuttleChallenger'sdisatrouslaunchthatkilledallsevenastronautsaboard,

therewasaheatedtelephonedebatebetweentwoengineersfromthecompanythat

producedtheshuttleboosterrocketsandthetopofficialsofNASA（thefederal

government'sspaceagency）.Theengineersinsistedthattheflightwastoorisky

becauseoffreezingtemperatureattheFloridalaunchsite.Theyexplainedthatsomeof

thesealsonthefueltankswerenotdesignedtowithstandsuchlowtemperaturesand

mightleakunderpressure,thusendangeringthecraftandcrew.

Despitethepleastostoptheflight,officialsatNASAoverruledtheengineers,who

werebestqualifiedtomakejudgmentsaboutthecomplextechnicalproblemsofspace

flight.Whatcausedtheofficialstoignoretheengineers?Severalflightshadalready

beenpostponed,anditwouldnotlookgoodtopostponeanother.Itwouldbebad

publicrelationstodisappointthecrowdsofpeopleandnewsreporterswaitingforthe

launch.Topgovernmentofficialswerereadytoappearonthenationaltelevisionand

takethecreditforanothersafeflight.Asaresult,withtheirmindsabsolutelyclosedto

thefactspresentedbytheengineers,NASAofficialsorderedtheChallengertotakeoff.

Seventy-threesecondslater,thespacecraftwasenvelopedinflame.

Incredibly,seventeenyearslater;thelessonoftheChallengerdisasterwas

repeated.In2003,thespaceshuttleColumbiabrokeapartwhilere-enteringtheearth's

atmosphere,killinganothercrewofseven.Duringtheshuttle'sliftoff,apieceoffoam

insulation（泡沫隔熱材料）hadbrokenoff,hittingtheshuttle'swingatfivehundred

milesperhour.Lower-levelengineersatNASAbeggedforphotographsoftheColumbia

inorbit,whichmighthaveshowntheextentofthedamage,buttheirclosed-minded

superiorsignoredtheirrequests.Itwasthedamagecausedbythe1.7poundchunkof

insulationthatdoomedtheColumbia.

Thereisnovirtueinignoringcontradictoryfactsand"stickingtoyourguns"when

thecoursetakenshowsallthesignsofbeingthewrongone.Closedmindsare

especiallynoticeableinpoliticalcampaignsanddebates.Manypeoplelineupto

supportonecandidateoranotherandwon'tlistentoanyfactspresentedbythe

opposingcandidate.

Allthosewithanopenmindsayisthis:"Idon'tknoweverything,soI'dbetterkeep

mymind,eyes,andearsopentoanynewfactsthatmaycomea