課時(shí)質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)(三十四)選擇性必修第四冊(cè)UNIT3主題語(yǔ)境：自然環(huán)境、自然遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)Ⅰ．閱讀理解AScientistsvisitingtinyHendersonIslandintheSouthPacificrecentlymadeanalarmingdiscovery．AlthoughitisoneofthemostremoteplacesontheEarthandpreviouslyuntouchedbyhumans,theislandwascoveredinplasticwaste．Theycalculatedtherewere38millionpiecesofplastic,weighingalmost18tons,withthousandsofnewpieceswashingupeachday．“Nocountryhasafreepass—wefoundplasticfromeverywhere，”saidonescientist．“Weallhavearesponsibility,andwehavetositupandpayattention．Thisisnotanissuetoignore．Weneedtodosomethingnowtoprotectthesea．”Plasticwasteintheseahaslongbeenknownabout,butonlynowarewediscoveringthetrueextentoftheproblem．Plastictakeshundredsofyearstodecompose,soalltheplasticeverproducedstillexistssomewhere．Around95%ofplasticsmadearenotrecycled,andlargeamountsenterthesea．Currentscollectthiswasteinlargecircularsystemscalled“gyres”．OneofthelargestisinthePacificOcean,anareanowknownasthe“GreatPacificGarbagePatch”．Theproblemgetsworseasplasticbreaksdownintoverysmallpieces,or“microplastic”．Thisiseatenbyfishandleadstomassivespeciesloss．Humansalsoeatthesefish,andmicroplastichasevenbeenfoundintapwateraroundtheworld．Theproblemhasspreadtoofartoignore．TheplasticonHendersonIslandaccountsforjust2seconds'worthofglobalannualplasticproduction．Thatproductionwillmorethantripleby2050．Thentherewillbethesameweightofplasticintheseaasfish．However,therearesomeyoungmindsworkingtocleanupandprotecttheseaforfuturegenerations．WhiledivinginGreece,youngBoyanSlatnoticedtherewasmoreplasticwastethanfish．Hedecidedrightthentodedicatehislifetosolvingthisproblem．Previouslytheproblemwasconsideredtoobigtosolve;collectingtheplasticwithboatsandnetswouldbeexpensive,wouldharmsealife,andwouldtakethousandsofyears!But,Boyanthought,whymovethroughtheseawhentheseacanmovethroughyou?Toworkwiththecurrentsandgyreswouldhelpcollectthewaste．SohestartedtheOceanCleanupProject,whichplacesverylongfloatingbarriersinthePacific．Currentsthenconcentratethewastenaturallysoitcanbecollectedandrecycled．Hehopestoreducethepatchby50%injustfiveyears．“Manyproblemstodayaresideeffectsofthingspeopledidn'tthinkaboutinthepast，”hesays．Seaplasticisasymbolofthenegativeeffectsofourlifestyleandtechnology．Ouraimshouldbetocreateanewlifestyleforthiscentury．Protectingtheseafromplasticisagoodplacetostart．1．Whatalarmingdiscoverydidthescientistsmake?A．TheydiscoveredatinyislandintheSouthPacificOcean．B．TheydiscoveredtherewasplasticeverywhereonHendersonIsland．C．TheydiscoveredthattherewerenohumanbeingsonHendersonIsland．D．TheydiscoveredHendersonIslandwasthemostremoteplaceintheworld．2．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Microplasticismerelyharmfultothefishinthesea．B．Notallthecountrieshavetofacetheproblemofplastictrash．C．Nowadaysthereisthesameweightofplasticintheseaasfish．D．Mostplasticsmadearenotrecycled,andlargeamountsenterthesea．3．WhatisthemainideaofParagraph4?A．HowtheOceanCleanupProjectworks．B．Theproblemofplasticcleanupistoobigtotackle．C．Lettheseaitselfdecomposetheplasticwastenaturally．D．Collectingplasticwithboatsandnetswouldbeagoodway．4．WhichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribeBoyanSlat?A．Considerateandstraightforward．B．Intelligentandresponsible．C．Knowledgeableandsensitive．D．Devotedandcourageous．B(2023·秦皇島模擬)MarathonrunnerGerimaMustafaofUgandawalkedsome664kilometresacrossEastAfricaearlierthisyeartocallattentiontothreatstotheshea(乳木果)nuttree,asourceoffood,medicalproductsandincomeforthemanylivingfromWestAfricatoSomalia．NowresearchscientistsstudyingthesheatreeinBurkinaFasohavefoundthatitisthenaturalecosystemthatisgettingdegradedinthisregionthatmightdoharmtotheshea,whichisoftentargetedbycharcoal(木炭)traderswhokillandsellthetreesforfarlessthanthelong-termworthoftheirbenefits．Thehabitatsarelosttoever-increasingagriculturalshiftstoo,withaclearoveralllinktotheimpactsofhumanactivity．ScientistAoifeDelaneyoftheUK,alongwithresearchersofBurkinaFasoandBritishecologists,studied10differentparklandlocationsinBurkinaFasowherethetreesareplanted．Theysaythetree—abletoproducenutsfor200years—reliesonpollinators(傳粉者)thatthrivewhenothertreesandshrub(灌木)speciesarounditcreateahabitattosupportthepollinators,especiallybees．“Consequently,sheaproductionsarelikelytobenefitfromthepreservationofarangeofdifferenttreeandshrubspeciesinparklands，”Delaneyandtheresearchteamsaid．TheirworkwasrecentlypublishedintheJournalofAppliedEcology．Theauthorsrecommendmaintainingarangeofnativewoodyspeciesthroughouttheirlifespans,andplantingnewonesintofarmlandwhencleared．Theideaistobeintentionalandactiveaboutprotectingthetrees．“Onlyseparatepartsofsemi-naturalhabitatinthesurroundinglandscapemaynotbesufficienttoprovidethenecessarypollinationservices，”theyconcluded．“Inaregionthatissubjecttonutritionalpovertyandwherethefundrequiredtosupplylocalfoodsislackingformostfamilies,maintainingnaturalecosystemservicesthatsupportfoodprovisionmustbeapriority．”5．WhyisGerimaMustafamentionedinthefirstparagraph?A．Todescribeamarathonrunner'sexperience．B．TosuggestthepopularityofGerimaMustafa．C．Tointroducetheimportanceofsheanuttrees．D．Toexplainanapproachtoprotectingthewildlife．6．WhatisagreatthreattothesheanuttreesinBurkinaFaso?A．Theagriculturaldevelopment．B．Theillegalhuntingofanimals．C．Thedisturbanceofhumanactivity．D．Thepollutionintheirnaturalhabitat．7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“thrive”meaninParagraph3?A．Increase． B．Spread．C．Escape． D．Change．8．Whatdothescientistsrecommendlocalstodotoprotectthesheanuttrees?A．Providehand-pollinationservices．B．Keepthebiodiversitywithinanecosystem．C．Replacetheoldsheatreeswithnewones．D．Openupmorenaturalhabitatsforpollinators．Ⅱ．語(yǔ)法填空Plantingtreesisagreatwaytoreducecarbonemissions,butprotectingouroceansandcoastalecosystemscandothesame?“Bluecarbon”referstoorganiccarbonwhich1．(store)bytheoceansandcoastalecosystems．Mangroves,tidalmarshesandseagrassesarethethreemaincoastalecosystemsthatcanstorelarge2．(quantity)ofbluecarbon．Theyplayamajorroleinreducingcarbondioxideintheair．3．(compare)withecosystemsontheland,coastalecosystemscanstorecarbon4．(constant)inthelongterm．Whenplantsonthecoastdie,theorganicdepositsthattheybecomewillslowlydisappearthankstotheflowingseawaterabove,5．meansthecarbonwillnotescapeeasilybutremainstoredforhundredsandthousandsofyears．Chinaisoneofthefewblessed6．a(chǎn)llthreecoastalecosystems．TidalmarshesarethelargestcoastalecosysteminChina,7．(occupy)anareaof5，448squarekilometres．Incomparison,mangroveshavea8．(small)size．Accordingtothelatestdata,thetotalareaofChina'smangroveforestsin20209．(be)289squarekilometres,andover70squarekilometresofmangrovesarenewlyplantedandrestorednow．Byprotectingandrestoringthesecoastalecosystems,wecanavoidenormousamountsofstoredbluecarbongoingbackinto10．a(chǎn)tmosphere,andsafeguardwildlifelivingintheseecosystems．課時(shí)質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)(三十四)Ⅰ．A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了海洋上的塑料污染問(wèn)題以及解決方案。1．B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“ScientistsvisitingtinyHendersonIslandintheSouthPacificrecentlymadeanalarmingdiscovery．AlthoughitisoneofthemostremoteplacesontheEarthandpreviouslyuntouchedbyhumans,theislandwascoveredinplasticwaste．”可知，科學(xué)家們驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)亨德森島上到處都是塑料垃圾。故選B。2．D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Around95%ofplasticsmadearenotrecycled,andlargeamountsenterthesea．”可知，大多數(shù)塑料制品不能回收，且大量流入海洋。故選D。3．A段落大意題。根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容可知，本段主要介紹了“海洋清理”項(xiàng)目是如何運(yùn)作的。故選A。4．B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“But,Boyanthought,whymovethroughtheseawhentheseacanmovethroughyou?Toworkwiththecurrentsandgyreswouldhelpcollectthewaste．SohestartedtheOceanCleanupProject,whichplacesverylongfloatingbarriersinthePacific．Currentsthenconcentratethewastenaturallysoitcanbecollectedandrecycled．Hehopestoreducethepatchby50%injustfiveyears．”以及最后一段中的“‘Manyproblemstodayaresideeffectsof