現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)講解一、定義表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。還可以表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，并且一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，甚至還可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)講解二、動(dòng)詞形式have/

has+過(guò)去分詞，其中have.has是助動(dòng)詞。三.時(shí)間標(biāo)志already已經(jīng)，ever曾經(jīng)，never從不

always總是

not...yet

目前為止還沒(méi)有inthelastfewyears在過(guò)去的幾年里so

far目前，by

now現(xiàn)在為止，just剛剛，since自從before以前for+一段時(shí)間thismonth這個(gè)月thisyear今年現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)講解四、句型變否定句時(shí)在助動(dòng)詞have.has后加not，變一般疑問(wèn)句時(shí)把助動(dòng)詞have

has

提前。以動(dòng)詞finish為例肯定句：I

have

finished

reading

the

book.我已經(jīng)讀完了這本書(shū)否定句：I

haven't

finished

reading

this

book.我還沒(méi)讀完這本書(shū)一般疑問(wèn)句：Have

you

finished

reading

this

book？你已經(jīng)讀完了這本書(shū)了嗎？回答：Yes，I

have

是的，我讀完了

No，I

haven’t不，我還沒(méi)有讀完現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)講解現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)講解3.since和for的區(qū)別since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)for+時(shí)間段How

long

have

you

been

in

Beijing？I

have

been

in

Beijing

for

four

years.你在北京呆了多久？我在北京呆了四年My

father

has

been

a

teacher

since

1968.我的爸爸自從1986年以來(lái)就是一名老師現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)講解注意：但在以下句子中，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，表示客觀時(shí)間不受影響It

is

three

years

since

I

began

to

work

on

the

farm.我在農(nóng)場(chǎng)工作已經(jīng)三年了It's

a

long

time

since

I

saw

you

last.好久不見(jiàn)了句型：It's

+時(shí)間段since…

It

has

been+時(shí)間段

since…(主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)）自從…以來(lái)已經(jīng)多久了現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)講解4.have（has）

been

to和have（has）

gone

tohave

been表示曾經(jīng)到過(guò)某地，表完成，已經(jīng)回來(lái)了have（has）

gone表示已經(jīng)去某地了，表經(jīng)歷，還沒(méi)有回來(lái)She

has

been

to

Shanghai.她去過(guò)上海（已經(jīng)不在上海了）She

has

gone

to

shanghai她到上海去了（她可能已在去上海的路上，或者已經(jīng)到上海，總之現(xiàn)在不在這里）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)講解六、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)都表示在過(guò)去完成的動(dòng)作，但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)，這一動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系，如對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果影響等，而一般過(guò)去時(shí)則表示，動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，一般不表示和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系.I

have

lost

my

pen.把鋼筆丟了（還沒(méi)有找到，現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有筆用）She

lost

her

pen

yesterday.他昨天把筆丟了（鄙視昨天丟的，現(xiàn)在找到與否沒(méi)有說(shuō)明）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)講解2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)，因此不能和表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，如yesterday，last

night

three

weeks

ago，in

1990等。I

have

seen

the

film.我看過(guò)這部電影（了解這部電影的內(nèi)容）I

saw

the

film

last

week.我上個(gè)星期看了這部電影（只說(shuō)明上星期看的這部電影不涉及現(xiàn)在的情況）He

has

lived

here

since

1992.1992年以來(lái)，他一直住在這里（現(xiàn)在還住在這里）He

lived

here

in

1992.1992年，他住在這里（不涉及他現(xiàn)在是否還住在這里）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)講解現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)講解3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以和包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如now，this

month，this

year等We

have

planted

many

trees

this

year.我們今年種了很多樹(shù)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)講解八、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換

當(dāng)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與延續(xù)的時(shí)間連用時(shí)（for+時(shí)間段），動(dòng)詞必須也是延續(xù)的動(dòng)詞。因此，就要把非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞改成相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞才能夠和時(shí)間段連用。I

have

bought

the

book

for

2

weeks.

(

x

)bought為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，不能與一段時(shí)間連用I

have

bought

the

book.

(√)I

have

had

the

book

for

two

weeks.

(√)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)講解現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)講解2)

open---be

open

close---be

closed

die----be

dead

marry---be

married

get

married---be

married

leave---

be

away

finish/end---be

over

begin/start---be

on

go

to

sleep/fall

asleep---

be

asleep

fall

ill---be

illHe

left

five

minutes

ago.

他五分鐘前離開(kāi)了

=

He

has

been

away

for

five

minutes.他已經(jīng)離開(kāi)五分鐘了The

film

began

ten

minutes

ago.

這部電影十分鐘前開(kāi)始了=

The

film

has

been

on

since

ten

minutes

ago.這部電影已經(jīng)開(kāi)始十分鐘了現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)講解3)

buy---have

borrow/lend---keep/have

catch

a

cold---have

a

coldput

on---wear

get

to

know---know

begin

to

s