2019新人教高中英語必修一Unit5LanguagesaroundtheworldDiscoveringusefulstructuresActivity1:

Discovering-Lookatthesesentencesandunderlinetherestrictiveattributiveclauses.Whatkindofinformationdoeseachclausecommunicate?Itwasatimewhenpeopleweredividedgeographically.

2.EmperorQinshihuangunitedthesevenmajorstatesintooneunifiedcountrywheretheChinesewritingsystembegantodevelopinonedirection.3.Therearemanyreasonswhypeoplelearnaforeignlanguage.4.ThesewereanimalbonesandshellsonwhichsymbolswerecarvedbyancientChinesepeople.Information:atime

foranevent.

Information:alocation

foranevent.

Information:areasonforanaction.Information:areasonforanaction.Information:areason

foranaction.

Information:alocation

foranaction.Itwasatime

whenpeopleweredividedgeographically.

Information:atime

foranevent.小結(jié)1

先行詞（即被修飾的名詞）在從句中做

時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，連接詞使用when.Itwasatime.Atthattimepeopleweredividedgeographically.when引導(dǎo)定語從句IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstsawyou.→IwillneverforgetthedayonwhichIfirstsawyou.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記第一次見到你的日子。when引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，從句的先行詞為表示____________的名詞，when在從句中作時(shí)間狀語，相當(dāng)于“介詞in/at/on/during...＋which”結(jié)構(gòu)。時(shí)間2.EmperorQinshihuangunitedthesevenmajorstatesintooneunifiedcountry

wheretheChinesewritingsystembegantodevelopinonedirection.Information:alocation

foranevent.小結(jié)2

先行詞（即被修飾的名詞）在從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語時(shí)，連接詞使用where.EmperorQinshihuangunitedthesevenmajorstatesintooneunifiedcountry.InthatcountrytheChinesewritingsystembegantodevelopinonedirection.where引導(dǎo)定語從句AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltownwherehegrewupasachild.→AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltowninwhichhegrewupasachild.在巴黎生活了50年后，他回到了兒時(shí)成長(zhǎng)的那個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)。Theaccidenthasreachedtothepointwhereboththeirparentsaretobecalledin.事情發(fā)展到如此地步，不得不請(qǐng)雙方家長(zhǎng)來一趟了。(1)where引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，從句的先行詞為表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，where在從句中作__________狀語，相當(dāng)于“________________”結(jié)構(gòu)。(2)關(guān)系副詞where表示“地點(diǎn)的模糊化”。當(dāng)先行詞表示某人/物的situation，或某事發(fā)展的stage，或表達(dá)某事的某個(gè)方面時(shí)都可用關(guān)系副詞where。常見的先行詞還有point，case，position，condition等。

地點(diǎn)介詞in/at...＋which3.Therearemanyreasons

whypeoplelearnaforeignlanguage.Information:

areason

foranaction.小結(jié)3

先行詞（即被修飾的名詞）在從句中做原因狀語時(shí)，連接詞使用why。Therearemanyreasons.Becauseofthesereasons,peoplelearnaforeignlanguage.why引導(dǎo)定語從句Unsuccessfulpeoplecanalwaysfindreasonswhythey’renotdoingwell.→Unsuccessfulpeoplecanalwaysfindreasonsforwhichthey’renotdoingwell.不成功的人總能找到自己表現(xiàn)不好的理由。why引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，從句的先行詞通常是reason，why在從句中作_________狀語，相當(dāng)于“________________”結(jié)構(gòu)。表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)及原因的名詞作先行詞時(shí)，定語從句可用關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)，也可用關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)。若先行詞在定語從句中作狀語時(shí)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞；若先行詞在定語從句中作主語或賓語時(shí)，則應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞。Idon’tbelievethereason(that/which)hegavemeforhisbeinglate.我不相信他給出的遲到的理由。原因介詞for＋which4.Thesewereanimalbonesandshells

onwhich

symbolswerecarvedbyancientChinesepeople.小結(jié)4先行詞指物且在從句中做狀語時(shí)，連接詞可以用介詞+which來替換關(guān)系副詞，其中介詞的選擇和先行詞的搭配有關(guān)。Therewereanimalsbonesandshells.SymbolswerecarvedbyancientChinesepeopleonthem.Thesewereanimalbonesandshellsonwhich(=where)

symbolswerecarvedbyancientChinesepeople.

介詞+which(如onwhich)的結(jié)構(gòu)一般限于比較正式的文體中。Information:

alocation

foranaction.“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞的賓語時(shí)，我們通常用“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句。如果指“人”，用“介詞＋whom”；如果指“物”，用“介詞＋which”；關(guān)系代詞有時(shí)也用whose(作定語)。

YesterdaywevisitedtheWestLakeforwhichHangzhouisfamous.昨天我們參觀了西湖，杭州因其而出名。(befamousfor“因……而出名”)Thisisthecamerawithwhichheoftentakesphotos.這就是他經(jīng)常用來拍照的相機(jī)。(withthecamera“用照相機(jī)”)ThebossinwhosecompanyMrKingworkedheardabouttheaccident.金先生所工作的公司的老板聽到了這起事故。(intheboss’company“在老板的公司”)Thecolorlessgaswithoutwhichwecannotliveiscalledoxygen.(withoutthecolorlessgas“沒有這種無色氣體”)這種無色的、離了它我們就無法生存的氣體是氧氣。選用介詞的依據(jù)(1)根據(jù)定語從句中____________的搭配習(xí)慣(即固定短語)。(2)根據(jù)____________的搭配習(xí)慣(約定俗成，不一定是短語)。(3)根據(jù)句子的意思來選擇。謂語動(dòng)詞先行詞

定語從句三步解體法：一、先找出主句；二、確定先行詞三、判斷先行詞在從句中做的成分定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞指人指物who(主語、賓語)，whom(賓語)，that(主語、賓語),whose(定語)that(主語、賓語),which(主語、賓語)whose(定語)where(地點(diǎn)狀語)when(時(shí)間狀語)why(原因狀語)Activity2:

Summary定語從句是在句子中作定語，修飾名詞或代詞的從句，

又稱為形容詞性從句。這種從句由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)，并作句子成分。Ps:先行詞在從句中做狀語時(shí)，連接詞有時(shí)可以用介詞+which/whom來替換關(guān)系副詞Activity3:

Fillinthetabletocompleteeachphrasewitharestrictiverelativeclause.Thenusethephrasestomakecompletesentences.

theday

when

theearthquakehappenedIwasonholidaytheday

when

theearthquakehappened.

theday

when

Istartedlearningmysecondforeignlanguage.

IwillalwaysrememberthedaywhenIstartedlearningmysecondforeignlanguage.

theplace

where

myfriendlivesSheworksneartheplacewhere

myfriendlives.

theplace

where

ImetthemoviestarLetmeshowyoutheplacewhere

Imetthemoviestar.

thereason

why

Ididn'tgetapay-rise

thereason

why

IwanttolearnSpanishIdon'tknowthereasonwhy

Ididn'tgetapay-rise.Thereasonwhy

IwanttolearnSpanish

istotraveltoPeruoneday.

theplace

介詞

+which

IfoundGrandma'sglasses

thetime

介詞

+which

IfirstmetyouontheshipThisisthecupboard

inwhichIfoundGrandma'sglasses.IwillneverforgotthedayonwhichIfirstmetyouontheship.注意：并非先行詞是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和原因的詞時(shí)都用when,where,why，若先行詞在定語從句中不做狀語，而作主語或賓語，就必須用which或that。

比較:

when在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語，相當(dāng)于onthedays。which在定語從句中作賓語Weoftenthinkofthedayswhenweworkedtogetherinthecountryside.

Weoftenthinkofthedayswhichwespenttogetherinthecountryside.

WhenIstartedstudyingGerman,itwasastruggle.Thewordsfeltstrangeonmytongue,andthegrammarwouldnotstayinmyhead.ItoldmymumthatIwantedtogiveup,andthatIwouldneverliveinacountry______Germanwasspoken.Mymumtoldmethatstudyingalanguagewasnotjustformyfuture.Itwasexerciseforthebrain;themoreIlearntofalanguage,themoremybrainwouldgrow.AndIrememberthatday_____IsuddenlyfeltlikeGermanwasnolongeraforeignlanguage.Itfeltlikemybrainhaddoubledinsize.Ihadfinallycometoaplace_______Icouldthinkinthisforeignlanguage,andIcouldseetheworldfromadifferentpointofview.IfeltasifIhadreachedthegoal________Ihadbeenfightingfor.Icouldopenabookandseemeanings,notjustaseaofwords.Ifinallyunderstoodthereason_____mymumhadencouragedmenottogiveup.Thanks,Mum!wherewhenwherethat/whichwhyActivity4:

Completethepassagewiththecorrectrelativeadverbsorpronouns.Addaprepositionwherenecessary.Activity5ExerciseFillintheblankswiththepassagewiththecorrectrelativeadverbsorpronouns.Addaprepositionwherenecessary.①Thisistheplace____________weheldapartylastweek.②Doyourememberthedays____________wespenttogetheronthefarm?③Idon’tknowthereason____________hedidn’tturntohisgoodfriendforhelpyesterd