海蘭褐殼蛋雞飼養(yǎng)手冊(cè)

Commercial

Management

Guide

2006-2008

BBrownEng.inddlrownEng.indd1111/8/063:29:23PM

1/8/063:29:23PMBrownEngGuts11/7/061:55PMPage1

TableofContents

CapabilitiesoftheHy-LineBrown.3

ChickManagement4

GrowingPeriodManagement.4

CageBrooding5

FloorBrooding5

BeakTrimming5

FloorSystemsManagement..6

DiseaseControl..7

FloorandIntensiveSystemsInternalParasites.8

ExternalParasites9

LightingProgram10

EggSizeManagement..11

SunriseandSunset.11

GrowingPeriodNutritionRecommendations..12

GrowingPeriodFeedConsumption..12

MonitoringBodyWeights.13

LayingPeriodNutrition..14

FormulaNutrientProfiles.14

AddedVitaminsandMinerals.15

LayingPeriodFeedConsumptionandEnergyIntake..15

EnergyManagement.16

WaterConsumption.16

Ventilation..17

RecommendedCageDensities..17

Hy-LineVarietyBrownPerformanceTable.18

lly-LineBrownHen-DayProductionGraph20

EggSizeDistribution?U.S.andEuropean21

FeedIngredientAnalysisTable22

Hy-LineInternationaliscommittedtoprovidingpropercarefor

itsflocks.Hy-Linesubscribestothehusbandrypracticesfor

egglayingchickensasoutlinedbytheUnitedEggProducersUEP.

Webelievethatitisourobligationtoprovidegood

managementandhusbandrypracticesforpoultry,includingproper

housing,feeding,watering,lighting,ventilation,sanitation

andvaccinationprogramstoprotectthehealthandwelfareofall

ourflocks

2BrownEngGuts11/7/061:55PMPage2

CapabilitiesoftheHy-Line?VarietyBrown

GROWINGPERIODto17weeks:

Livability96-98%

FeedConsumed6.0Kg13.2Lbs.

BodyWeightat17Weeks1.47Kg3.24Lbs.

LAYINGPERIODto80weeks

PercentPeak94-96%

Hen-DayEggs:

To60Weeks253

To74Weeks331

To80Weeks362

Hen-HousedEggs;

To60Weeks250

To74Weeks326

To80Weeks355

Livabilityto80Weeks96%

Daysto50%Productionfromhatch145days

EggWeightat32Wceks62.7g/Egg49.8Lbs./Case

EggWeightat70Weeks66.9g/Egg53.1I.bs./Case

TotalEggMassPerHen-Day

18-74Weeks21.1Kg46.6Lbs.

18-80Weeks23.2Kg51.1Lbs.

BodyWeightat70Weeks1.94Kg4.27Lbs.

FreedomFromEggInclusionsExcellent

ShellColorUniform,DarkBrown

ShellStrengthExcellent

HaughUnitsat70Weeks80

AverageDailyFeedConsumption18-80weeks109Grams/Bird/Day

24.0Lbs./100Birds/Day

KgofFeedperKgofEggs21-74weeks1.96

FeedperDozenEggs21-74weeks1.50Kg3.31Lbs.

FeatherColorRedwithwhiteunderfeathers

SkinColorYellow

ConditionofDroppingsDry

Figurescontainedinthismanagementguidehavebeencompiled

fromextensivecommercialflockrecordsgatheredfromall

partsoftheworldtothedateofprintingofthisguide.Further

managementsuggestionslistedinthisbookletarecombined

principlestakenfromindustrytechnicalliteratureandfield

experiencewiththisvariety.Neithertheperformancefiguresnor

managementsuggestionsareinanywayaguaranteeofperformance.

Productivityofacommercialflockofanyvarietylayer

willvaryaccordingtoenvironmentanddiseaseconditions.

3BrownEngGuts11/7/061:55PMPage3

ChickManagementGrowingPeriod

Management

Hy-LineBrownchicksadaptequallywelltofloorand

cagebroodingsystems.Theyrequirenospecialhatchery

servicesexceptvaccinationagainstMarek'sdisease.

Thefirst17weeksofapullet'slifearecritical.Good

managementduringthisperiodcanassurethatshe

reachesthelayinghousereadytodeliverherbred-in

GeneralRecommendations

performancepotential.Mistakesmadeduringthefirst17

1.Priortodeliveryofchicks:

weeksgenerallycannotbecorrectedinthelayinghouse.

a.Cleananddisinfectcagesorfloorbroodingarea.

Cleanthebuildinginterior,attachedserviceareas

GeneralRecommendations

andequipment.

b.Checktomakesureequipmentisworkingproperly1.Grow

pulletsinstrictisolationfromolderbirds.Maintain

goodsanitation.Asmuchaspossible,planworkroutines

andisadjustedtotherightheight.

sothatdiseaseorganismscannotbecarriedfromolder

c.Removealloldfeedfrombins,hoppers,andtroughs.

birdstothegrowingpullets.

Disinfectandallowtodrybeforenewfeedis

2.Duringthefirstsixweeks,operatefeederstoprovide

delivered.

feedtwicedaily,ormoreoften.Aftersixweeks,check

d.Placerat/mousepoisonwhereitwillnotbe

feedconsumptionandbodyweightsagainstthecharts

consumedbythechicks.

onpages12&13.Weigh100pulletstogeta

2.Onedaybeforedelivery:

meaningfulaverage.

a.Setheatingsystemat35?37°C95?99°F.atchick

3.Checkwateravailabilityineachcagerowdaily.Check

level.

forandrepairleaks.Raisewaterersasthebirdsgrow

b.Checkwatersystem.Adjusttoproperheightfor

nippleshigherthanthebirds'heads;cupsortroughs

chicks.Disinfectandflushwaterlines.

levelwiththeirbacks.

3.Ondeliveryday:

4.Planandfollowavaccinationscheduletofityourarea.

a.Havewaterersfullorwatersysteminoperation.

5.Removemortalitydailyanddisposeofproperly.Examine

Checkbroodertemperatures.

forcausesofexcessivemortality.

b.Aschicksareplaced,triggerwatercupsornipplesto

6.Threedaysbeforemovingpulletstothelayinghouse,

encouragedrinking.

beginusingwater-solublevitaminsandelectrolytesin

c.Whennippledrinkersareused,reducethewater

thedrinkingwater.Continueforthreedaysafterhousing.

pressuresobirdscanseethedropofwaterhanging

Thishelpsminimizethestressofmoving.Gentle

onthedrinker.

handlingwillpaybigdividends.

d.Feedshouldbeplacedonpaperincage.Operate

feedersathighestfeedlevel.

e.Keeplightsathighintensity20?22hoursperdayfor

firstweek.

GrowingSpaceRecommendations

CAGEFLOOR

FloorSpace:350sqcm54sq.in.FloorSpace:1115sqcm1.2sq.

ft.

FeederSpace:8.0cm/bird3"/birdFeederSpace:8.0cm/bird

3"/bird

1pan/20birds

WaterSpace:

WaterSpace:

Trough:3.0cm/bird1.2"/bird

Trough:3.0cm/bird1.2"/bird

Cups/Nipples:1per8birds

Cups/Nipples:Iper8birds

Fountains:?

Fountains:1per50birds

4BrownEngGuts11/7/061:55PMPage4

CageBroodingFloorBrooding

Beforethebirdsarrive,preparethehouseasfollows:Twenty-

fourhoursbeforedeliveryofthechicks,

preparethehouseasfollows:

1.Putnonskidpaperonthebottomofthecage.This

papermaydisintegrateandfallthroughthecagebottom1.Place

abrooderringaroundeachbrooderunit.

oritshouldberemovedatbeaktrimmingtime10

2.Adjustbroodertemperatureto35°C95°F..

days.

3.Filljugwaterers?two4-literonegallonwaterersper

2.Starttheheatingsystem24hoursbeforethebirds

100chicks.

arrive.Adjustthetemperatureto35?37°C95?99°F..

4.Eliminatealldraftsfromthehouse.

3.Keeptherelativehumidityat50%minimum.Incage

brooding,adequatehumidityisveryimportant.

TemperatureManagement

Whenusingagasfiredhover,reducethetemperature

TemperatureManagement

underthehoverby3°C5°F.perweekuntil21°C70°F.is

Inacageorwarmroombroodingsystem,reducethe

reached.Maintainadequaterelativehumidityforbirds

temperature3°C5°F.perweekfrom36°C97°F.until

broodedonthefloor.Thechicksseemtobecomfortable

21°C70°F.isreached.Lookforsignsofoverheating

anddobestwhenrelativehumidityisbetween40and60%.

pantinganddrowsinessorchillinghuddlingandmake

Observingthechickswilltellyouwhetherornotthe

appropriateadjustments.Heatcontrolismorecriticalin

temperatureiscorrect.Iftheyaretoocool,theywillhuddle

cagebroodingbecausethechickscannotmovetofindtheir

neartheheatsource.Iftheyaretoowarm,theywillspread

comfortzone.

outawayfromtheheatsource.Iftherearedrafts,theywill

Maintainadequatehumidityifyoubroodincages.

huddleingroupstogetawayfromthespotwherethecool

Relativehumidityforcagebroodingmustbemaintainedat

airenterstheheatedarea.Comfortablechickswillspread40-60%.Ifnecessary,sprinklewateronthewalksorfloors

outuniformly,withouthuddling,throughoutthebrooding

toincreasehumidity.

area,

BroodingTemperatures

AgeCageBroodingFloorBrooding

O00O

CFCF

Day1-335-3795-993595

Day4-732-3490-943392

Day8-1429-3185-893189

Day15-2126-2980-842984

Day22-2824-2675-792679

Day29-3521-2370-742374

Day3621702170

BeakTrimming

Acherryredbladehasbeenrecommendedforproper

cautery.However,abetterwaytomeasureblade

temperatureisbyuseofapyrometertokeepthebladeatapproximately595°C1100°F..Theuseofalinevoltage

meterandchartavailablefromLyonwillfacilitate

maintainingtheproperbladetemperatureatalltimes.A

variationof56°C100°F.iscommonduetoexternal

influencesandcannotbedetectedbythehumaneye.

Thefollowingprecautionsmustbeobservedatalltimes.

1.Donotbeaktrimsickbirds.

2.Donothurry.

3.UseelectrolytesandvitaminscontainingvitaminKin

thewatertwodaysbeforeandtwodaysafterbeak

trimming.

TheHy-l.ineBrownpulletismostsuccessfullybeak

4.Providedeeperfeedforseveraldaysafterbeak

trimmedatbetweensevenand10daysofageusinga

trimming.Ifacoccidiostatisbeingused,supplementit

precisioncamactivatedbeaktrimmerwithguideplateholes

withwatersolublecoccidiostatsuntilfeedconsumption

of4.0,4.37and4.75mm10/64,11/64and12/64inches.

returnstonormal.

Thepropersizeholeshouldbeselectedtoprovidethe

widthof2mmbetweenthenostrilsandthecauterizing

5.Useonlywelltrainedcrewsforbeaktrimming.

ring.Thepropersizeholewilldependbothonsizeandage

ofchicks

5BrownEngGuts11/7/061:55PMPage5

FloorSystemsManagement

TheHy-LinevarietyBrowniswidelyusedinfloor

TheHy-LinevarietyBrownpulletisusuallybeaktrimmed

systemsduetohercalmtemperamentandgoodlivability.

eitherinthehatcheryorat7-10daysofage.InsomefloorItisimportanttoprovidethebirdswiththebestpossible

systemsithasbeenfoundtobebeneficialtodelaybeak

floorenvironmenttoachievetheperformancepotentialof

trimminguntilfiveweeksofage.Caremustbetakennotto

theHy-LinevarietyBrown.

reducegrowthifbeaktrimmingisdonelater.

GrowingPeriod

LayingPeriod

Birdsshouldbegrowninhousingthatallows

Ensurethatthefeedandwatersystemsinthegrowing

adjustmentstothelightingprogramandthelightintensity.

andlayingfacilitiesarecompatible.Checkthelighting

Thelightingprogramsareusuallysimilartothoseusedfor

programandlightintensity.Synchronizelighttimeswiththebirdsincageproduction,butlightintensitymaybedifferent.

growinghouse.Thebirdswillneedbrightlightofatleast

Itisimportanttoprovidefloorgrownbirdswithenoughlight

20lux2footcandles.Itisimportantnottohaveshadows

intensitytoallowthemtonavigatetheirenvironment.Week

inthelayhouse,asdarkareasoutsidethenestwillencour-onelightintensityof20-30lux2-3footcandlesshouldbe

ageflooreggs.Allowthepulletsaccesstothenestsduring

used,droppingdownto15lux1.5footcandlesbyweek

thedaywhentheyarrive.Placethepulletsontheslatsat

fourandremainingatthisleveluntilweek15.Atweek15

housing.Walkthebirdsseveraltimesdaily,particularlyin

graduallyincreasethelightintensity,reaching20-30lux

themorning,toensurethebirdsarefindingfeedandwater.2-3footcandlesbythetimethepulletsaretransferredtoUseofanelectricfenceishelpfulintrainingthebirdsnot

thelayerhouse.Birdsmovingintoopen-sidedhousing

tolayeggsincornersornearthewalls.Thefencemustbe

shouldhavehigherlightintensitiesof30-40lux3-4foot

turnedonassoonasthebirdsarehoused.Placethe

candlesatthetimeofhousing.

fence5cm2inchesawayfromthewallofthehouseandItisessentialthatbirdsbeonthesametypeofFeeder

about10cm4inchesabovethefloor.

andwatersysteminthegrowinghousethattheywillbeon

Itiscommonpracticetoliftthenestboxcurtainasthe

inthelayinghouse.Birdswilladaptbetterinthelayhousebirdstraintothenests.Thiswillhelppreventsmothering.

ifthegrowinghousehasperches.Ifbirdsarebeinggrown

Ifnestsnearthewallsarebeingusedmoreheavilythen

2

at9birds/m1.2sq.ft./birdtheneachbirdwillneed6cm

neststowardsthecenterofthehouse,usefalsewallsof

2.4inchesofperchwhenusingaA-frameconstruction.

1m3feetwidecomingoutanddownfromthenestdownUseaspacingof40cm16inchesbetweenperchesand

aboutevery12m39feetalongthelineofnestboxes.

0

angleof45ldeallythegrowinghouseshouldhave

Thelitterareainlayerhousesshouldnotbemorethan

elevatedbirdwalkwayswiththefeedandwaterstationsup

60cm24inchesbelowtheslatarea.Positionlightsso

onthem

theydonotcauseshadowsonthelitterbelowtheslatarea.

Birdsgrownonthefloorwilloftenbeasmuchas50g

Ensurethatthelitterareahasthehighestlightintensitywith

0.1Lbs.lowerinbodyweightat12weeksofagethan

alowerlightintensityatthefrontofthenestboxes.

cagegrownbirds.Tooffsetanydecreaseineggsize,itis

Anallslatfloorhouseprovidesanexcellentenvironment,

commontodelaylightstimulationuntilthepulletsreach1.5

however,birdshousedinthistypeofhousingshouldalso

Kg3.31Lbs..

begrownonanallslatorwirefloor.

Birdsareverysensitivetoextremesofrelativehumidity

RH.Itiscommontoseeyoungflocksinfloorhouseswith

RHdroppingbelow30%.Thiswillcauseincreased

agitationofthechicksandcancauseaggressivebehavior.

IdeallyRHshouldbeinthe40or60%range.Excessive

moisturewillcausepoorlitterconditions.Wetlitterwillbe

associatedwithhighammonialevelsandpoorairquality.

Thismustbeavoidedtopreventrespiratoryproblems.

6BrownEngGuts11/7/061:55PMPage6

DiseaseControl

Aflockofpulletsorlayerscanonlyperformuptoitsnoone

programcanberecommendedforalllocations.

geneticpotentialwhendiseaseinfluenceisminimized.Following

isabasicprogramtypicalfortheUnitedStates

Theappearanceofvariousdiseasescanvaryfromawherebreeders

receiveaninactivatedNewcastle-

subclinicaleffectonperformancetooutrightseverebronchitis-

IBDvaccine.

mortality.Thediseasesofeconomicimportancevarywidely

betweenlocations,butineverycasethechallengeisto

+

DayoneMarek'sDisease,HVT,SB-1,Rispen's

一

identifyandcontrolthosediseases.

18?20daysIBDintermediatestraininwater

BiosecurityandEradication

25daysNewcastleB-1andbronchitis,mildMass.

Obviouslythebestwaytodealwithadiseaseistoavoid

inwater

it.Careshouldalwaysbeexercisedtopreventintroducingnewdiseasesontoapulletorlayerfarm.Commondisease

28?30daysIBDintermediatestraininwater

carriersincludepeople,vehicles,equipment,wildbirds,

animals,andchickensthemselves.Newflocksshouldbe

7?8weeksNewcastleB-1andbronchitis,regularMass.

testedbeforebeingbroughtontoafarmandshouldhavea

inwaterorspray

knownvaccinationprogram.

Somediseasesarebestcontrolledbyeradication.

10weeksPoxwingwebandAEwingweb,wateror

ExamplesincludeMycoplasmagallisepticum,cholera,

spray

coryzaandtyphoid.Thecontinuingcostofmedicatingorvaccinatingforthesediseasesoftenjustifiessomeextra

14weeksNewcastleLaSotaandbronchitis,mild

one-timeeffortandexpenseforeradication.Thesebacterial

HollandsprayorNewcastle-bronchitis

diseasesaremoreeasilyeradicatedthanmostviral

killedvirusinjection

diseases.

InfectiousBursalDisease

VerticallyTransmittedDiseases

SpecialattentionshouldbepaidtoIBDcontrol.This

Somediseasesareknowntobetransmittedfrom

diseasecanhavemanysubtleeffectswhicharedetrimental

infectedbreederstotheirprogeny.Thisrequiresthe

topullethealth.TheprimaryfeatureofIBDis

productionandmaintenanceofdisease-freebreedersasa

immunosuppressioncausedbydamageto