在線旅游中英文對(duì)照外文翻譯文獻(xiàn)在線旅游中英文對(duì)照外文翻譯文獻(xiàn)(文檔含英文原文和中文翻譯)原文:ThebusinessmodelinnovationofonlinetravelinE-commerceenvironmentUGretzelAbstractOnlinetravelindustryasthecombinationoftourismandtheInternet,havedifferentcharacteristicswiththetraditionaltourism.Inthisprocess,theInternetisalwaysplayinganimportantroleintheworld.Withtheprogressofthesociety,theInternettechnologyperfectfusiontogetherwiththetraditionalcommerce,hasgivenrisetoaneweconomicform,namelytheelectroniccommerce.Electroniccommerceappearedwaspenetratedintosocietyatanalarmingrateofallwalksoflife,tobringallwalksoflifethesubversive,newchanges.Thespeedingupofthemodernizationprocess,makingonlinetravelservicesandonlinetravelservicesbusinessmodelalsohavedifferentcharacteristicsandfeatures.Keywords:e-commerce,onlinetravel,businessmodel1IntroductionComparedwithapreviousanytechnologicalrevolutioninthecomputernetworkiswidelyusedforthesymbolofthesocialimpactofmodernscienceandtechnologyrevolutioninbothdepthandbreadthisunprecedented,itisinthehumanintotheinformationagealsocreatedanewindustry,informationtechnologyindustry.Electroniccommerceifitshowsstrongvitalityandinfluence,itsimpactonthesocietyasawholebothinbreadthandindeptharefarmorethananytimebeforethescientificandtechnologicalachievements.Ontheonehand,itforcedfirmstotransferthelineofsighttothetraditionalbusinessconstraints,acrosstheexistingcompetitionboundariestocreateanewmarket.Ontheotherhand,italsocreateconditionsfortheadjustmentofenterprisebusinessmodel.Enterprisebusinessmodel,itsessenceisbusinessmodeldesignandimplementationofbusinessmodelofsystemicframeworkandtools.Therefore,inthiswithdifferentiation,personalizedforthedemandofthemainstreammarketenvironment,companiescancreate,practiceitsstrategyisessentiallyreferstotheenterprisebusinessmodelinnovationisvalid.Thebiggestcharacteristicistocustomersoftourismdemandelasticity,sensitivetotheenvironment.ThepenetrationofthethoroughapplicationoftheInternetande-commerceisboundtohaveasignificantimpactonthedevelopmentoftheindustry.Therefore,theenterprisecanbeinawholenewperspectiveofbusinessmodelinnovationasthestartingpointistheaccesstoresources,improveabilityandthekeytoachievestrategiccompetitiveadvantage.2LiteraturereviewTheriseofonlinetravelservicesanddevelopment,andchangedfromthewoodencurveofthedevelopmentoftourismindustryandtourismenterprisesoperatingmodeandbusinessprocess,influenceismore,Iwanttofocustenonlinetravelservicemanagement,therelationshipofrelevantinterestgroups,businessmodel,sales,andpureway,successfulexperienceandthedevelopmenttrendofthefuture.Fesenraaier(2008)analyzedthebusinesssituationandbusinessmodels.Thinktherearethreekindsofoperationmode:generaltouristinformationservicewebsite,onlinetravelbookingserviceagents,travelserviceandtravelproductssuppliersdirectly.AnalyzesthetravelwebsiteworksintheUnitedStates,theU.S.travelsitesisthebrandcooperation,preferentialprices,thenetworkmarketing,servicefeesandothermeasurestoboostprofits.Sigak(2007)discussesthesocialnetworksuchastheuseandmanagementofnewtechnologyofweb2.0,web2.0combinedwithonlinetravelisanewinnovation,willsetupanewonlinetravelbusinessmodel,theuseandmanagementofweb2.0willbetoinfluencebusinessdecisions.Reuver,etc.(2008)studiedtheimportanceofonlinetravelwebsitedomainnameonline,onlinedomaininfluenceconsumerconcernforitstourismwebsiteontheInternet,analyzetheimportanceofthesearchengine'sinfluenceononlinetravelandtourismsearchengine.Olson(2010)throughthetravelsites,travelsitesusersandtourismserviceproviderstothreeaspectsofsurvey,revealsthemostisaregionaltouristdestinationtravelwebsitesupplierorganization,providescomprehensivelocaltourisminformationandonlineservices.Analyzedtheuser'ssatisfaction,discusstheobstaclesforrealizingtheonlinetravelserviceliesintechnologyandfinance,Internetspeedisslowandhighcost,andputforwardthepossiblemethodstoimprovethequalityofserviceofonlinetravel.Terwiech(2005)studiedtheNYOPconsumerbehavior,analysistosimulatetheNYOPintermediatedistributorsandbargainingbetweenagroupofconsumersbuyingandsellingmodel.NYOPmiddlementoacceptpotentialbuyerschoosetoacceptorrejectafterquotation.BargainbuyingandsellingmodelthroughpricediscriminationtoshowushowtousethisNYOPbusinessmodelsetlimitsthepricetheretailerandgetabetterprofit.Fay(2004)studiedtheNYOPbusinessmodelofrepeatedissuequotation.Enterprise’ssinglebidofPricelineitmaycauserepeatedbiddingprocurement,paperstudiesthelimitconsumerthebehaviorisnotconducivetothenumberofbidNYOPcompany'sprofits.Resultsshowthatthenumberofrepeatfortheimpactontheprofitisnotunified,toohighandtoolowwillrepeattoNYOPbiddingbehaviorandtheimpactonprofits.3Onlinetravelenterprisebusinessmodelanalyses3.1Thesummaryofonlinetravelrelated3.1.1ThemeaningofonlinetravelOnlinetourismisreferstotheuseoftheInternettechnologyroutequeryreservationandtravelproducts,onlineservicesandotherrelatedtourismproducts,includesharingtourismprocessthroughthenetworkortouristexperience,andtheinteractionsbetweenpassengers.Specificinclude:tourismandthecorrespondingprepared;ongoinginteractionandtourismafterthesharingandreview.Ingeneral,theonlinetravelisthetravelserviceindustryandthecombinationofelectroniccommerce,withthe"online"toserve"tourism",andgotanewformsofoperationintheserviceindustry,inanarrowsense,tourismelectroniccommerce,broadlyspeakingistheonlinetravelindustrychain.3.1.2ThecharacteristicsofonlinetravelDependingonthetechnologyofonlinetravelreferstothenetworkthroughonlineaccessandbookingtravelproducts,andcantravelthroughthenetworktoshareortravelexperience.Onlinetravelandprimarilyduetothetraditionaltourismmodeandrefertothedifferenceofinformation,notinadditiontonootherdifference.Onlinetravelserviceisakindofmeans,throughtheInternetormobileInternettofacilitateeverybody.Nomattertraditionalwebsiteisnowonlinetravelagency,iswiththenatureoftheagents,providepassengerswithscenicareaasthecenteroftherelatedtourismproductsexperience,theultimategoalofallofthemistogetbenefits,tomaximizeprofit.Onlinetravelcostislow;thetravelagencyforthelaunchofadvertisingisincreased,butthereturnoninvestmentissmall.ItcantakeadvantageoftheInternet,reducingthecostsoftouristinformationfiltering.Throughtheverticalsearchengine,userscanlearndifferentpricedifferences,price-sensitiveonlineuserswillbeabletobuyrelativelycheaptravelproducts,asaresult,passengerscantravelthroughonlinechannelstogetproductprice,priceadvantage.Onlinetraveltomaximizetheintegrationoftheworldinthefanoftouristinformation,diversifiedservicestorealized.Mobilenetworkapplicationisbreakthroughspaceconstraints,promotedthegrowthofonlinetravel.Thetravelspeedofnetworkmarketing,transmissionrangeiswide,advertisingeffectisobvious.Tourismproductdifferentiation,servicecontent,theadvantageofdiversityandtourismusersdonotneedtoon-the-spotinvestigation,canthroughonlineaccesstoothertouriststravelinformationsharing.Networkinteractiveadvantageuserconfidenceisinthetourismproduct,thetourismbecomeagroupofpotentialcustomers.3.2TheonlinetravelbusinessmodelanditsoperationOnlinetravelmarketsize,andhashugepotential,onlinetravelcompaniesincompetition,manydifferentkindsofbusinessmodels,andtodiversifyitsbusinessmodelinclude:Theagentserviceisbusinessmodel.Seethisbusinessmodelismore.Theonlinetravelcompaniesactastheroleofintermediatedistributors,providetradingservicesforusersandproductsuppliers,anddrawacertainproportioninthetradingcommission.Thebusinessmodelofthelowertradingrevenues,buttheincomeisstable.Singlereservationmode,subdividingtheindividualcontentoftourismexperience,havespecialonlyresponsibleforhotelreservationwebsite,onlyresponsibleforcarrentalBookingwebsiteandonlymakeareservationforflightBookingwebsite,etc.,suchashotelreservationservicesonlyAgoraandBooking,etc.,onlyprovideAviscarrentalservice.Socialmediaeverythingisbusinessmodel.ThemodelthroughtheInternetforreviewsoftourandtravelguides,tourisminformationsharing,novelsharegatheredalargenumberofthetargetgroupofsocialinteraction,producetraffic,atthesametimeusethedisplayofthecontentsandadvertisementsinmasseffect,itsmainsourceofprofitsiscontentdisplayandads.ThisnewonlineistravelenterpriseprofitmodelwithTonbehalfoftheenterprise.Users'bidmodeisnamelytheNYOPbusinessmodel.ThebusinessmodelpioneeredintheUnitedStates,themainbusinesshotelreservation,ticketbooking,tankers,carrentalanddestinationscenicareacooperationbusiness,withtheproductquantityandrelativelyfixedpricetogetthecorrespondinggoods,onlinetravelserviceprovidersasintermediatedistributorshavepricingpower,providefuzzyinformationtoconsumers,theasymmetricinformationofearncommoditypricebiddingbehavior.Incomeishigher;themodelofsingledealmainprofitsourceistheproductofthedifference.E-commercedevelopmentmodelisonlinetourismCommodityExchangeacceleration,goodsonlinemall.Duetothetraditionaltourismholdstheproportionoftheresources,theadvantageofelectricbusinessmodelmakesthetraditionaltravelagenciestoconsideronlineservices,usingtheofflineproductsonlinesalesnetwork,bothonlineandofflinesaleschannels.Tourismmarketinthefuture,therewillbenodifferencebetweentraditionaltourismandonlinetravelsites,onlinetravelcompaniestoofflinechannels,andtraditionaltourismenterprisesstarttoonlineservicechannel,tourismenterprisesdoublechannelsoftheonlineandofflinetwo-wayintegrationofthebusinessmodelinevitabletrend.Relatedbusinessmodelarelativelystableearnings,duetothepoweroftheweb,pricedifferenceisnotobvious,profitspaceissmall.4ConclusionsOnlinetravelindustryisthedevelopmenttrendofintelligenttourismandsocialservices,sothedevelopmentofonlinetravelservicebusinessmodeltotheintelligentandhighqualityofservicedevelopment.Informationtocontinuetostrengthen,theadvantagesofusingnewtechnologytoadapttotheneedsofsocialdevelopment,meetpeople'sneeds,intelligentismeans.Tourismisaserviceindustryexperience,theultimatepurposeistoimprovetheserviceandcustomersatisfaction,informationintoaconsumerexperience,nomatterhowtourismlandscapechanges,toservethecommunityforthepurpose.Future,informationtechnologywillfurtherdevelopment,thedevelopmentoftheonlinetravelindustrychainarebuiltonthebasisofthemobilenetworktodevelop,theonlinetravelservicefromtheuserneedstohavethenecessaryqualityofservice,moreoveralsorequiresattentiontotwo-wayintegrationofonlineandofflinebusiness.譯文:電子商務(wù)環(huán)境下的在線旅游模式創(chuàng)新UGretzel摘要在線旅游業(yè)作為旅游業(yè)與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的結(jié)合,有著與傳統(tǒng)旅游業(yè)不同的特點(diǎn)。在此過(guò)程中,互聯(lián)網(wǎng)始終扮演著舉足輕重的角色。隨著社會(huì)的進(jìn)步,互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)與傳統(tǒng)商務(wù)完美融合在一起，催生了一種全新的經(jīng)濟(jì)形態(tài),即電子商務(wù)。電子商務(wù)一出現(xiàn)就以驚人的速度滲透到社會(huì)的各行各業(yè),給各行各業(yè)帶了顛覆性的、全新的變化。現(xiàn)代化進(jìn)程的加快,使得在線旅游服務(wù)和在線旅游服務(wù)商業(yè)模式也有著不同的特點(diǎn)和特征。關(guān)鍵詞：電子商務(wù)，在線旅游，商業(yè)模式1引言與以往的任何一次科技革命相比,以計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)廣泛應(yīng)用為標(biāo)志的現(xiàn)代科技革命對(duì)社會(huì)的影響無(wú)論是在深度上還是廣度上都是史無(wú)前例的,它在把人類帶入了信息時(shí)代的同時(shí)也締造了一個(gè)全新的產(chǎn)業(yè)——信息技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)。電子商務(wù)一經(jīng)出現(xiàn)就顯示了極強(qiáng)的生命力和影響力,它對(duì)整個(gè)社會(huì)的影響無(wú)論是在廣度還是在深度上都遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)了之前的任何一次科技成就。一方面,它迫使企業(yè)將視線轉(zhuǎn)移到傳統(tǒng)的商戰(zhàn)限制性因素之外,跨越現(xiàn)有的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)界限去開(kāi)創(chuàng)全新的市場(chǎng)。另一方面,它也為企業(yè)商業(yè)模式的調(diào)整創(chuàng)造了條件。企業(yè)的商業(yè)模式,其本質(zhì)是設(shè)計(jì)商業(yè)模式并實(shí)施商業(yè)模式的系統(tǒng)性框架和工具。因此,在這個(gè)以差異化、個(gè)性化為主流的需求市場(chǎng)環(huán)境下,企業(yè)能否開(kāi)創(chuàng)、實(shí)踐其戰(zhàn)略實(shí)質(zhì)上是指企業(yè)的商業(yè)模式創(chuàng)新是否有效。旅游業(yè)的最大的特點(diǎn)就是客戶需求彈性大、對(duì)外界環(huán)境敏感?；ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)的深入應(yīng)用以及電子商務(wù)的滲透必定會(huì)對(duì)整個(gè)行業(yè)的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生巨大的影響。因此,企業(yè)能否以全新的視角把商業(yè)模式創(chuàng)新作為出發(fā)點(diǎn)是企業(yè)能否獲得資源、提升能力并進(jìn)一步取得戰(zhàn)略競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)的關(guān)鍵所在。2文獻(xiàn)綜述在線旅行服務(wù)的興起與發(fā)展,從根木上改變了旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展曲線與旅游企業(yè)的操作方式及業(yè)務(wù)流程,影響較多,主要集中十在線旅行服務(wù)的經(jīng)營(yíng)情況、相關(guān)利益群體的關(guān)系、商業(yè)模式、銷售柒道、成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)及未來(lái)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。Fesenraaier(2008)分析了經(jīng)營(yíng)情況和商業(yè)模式。認(rèn)為運(yùn)營(yíng)模式有三類:一般旅游信息服務(wù)網(wǎng)站、在線旅游預(yù)訂服務(wù)代理商、旅游服務(wù)和旅游商品的直接供應(yīng)商。分析了美國(guó)旅游網(wǎng)站的運(yùn)作方式,美國(guó)旅游網(wǎng)站多是以品牌合作、降價(jià)優(yōu)惠、網(wǎng)絡(luò)營(yíng)銷廣告、服務(wù)傭金等措施提升利潤(rùn)。Sigak等(2007)探討了社會(huì)化網(wǎng)絡(luò)新技術(shù)web2.0的使用和管理,web2.0與在線旅游結(jié)合是一種新的創(chuàng)新,將開(kāi)辟全新的在線旅游商業(yè)模式,web2.0的使用和管理會(huì)對(duì)企業(yè)決策產(chǎn)生影響。Reuver等(2008)研究了在線旅游網(wǎng)站在線域名的重要性,在線域名影響消費(fèi)者對(duì)其旅游網(wǎng)站在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上的關(guān)注程度,分析搜索引擎的重要性及旅游搜索引擎對(duì)在線旅游的影響。Olson（2010）通過(guò)對(duì)旅游網(wǎng)站,旅游網(wǎng)站用戶和旅游網(wǎng)站服務(wù)供應(yīng)商三個(gè)方面的調(diào)查,揭示了多數(shù)旅游網(wǎng)站供應(yīng)商是區(qū)域性的旅游目的地組織,提供全面的當(dāng)?shù)芈糜涡畔⒑驮诰€服務(wù)。分析了用戶的滿意程度,討論實(shí)現(xiàn)網(wǎng)上旅游服務(wù)的障礙主要在于技術(shù)和財(cái)務(wù),上網(wǎng)速度慢且費(fèi)用高,并提出可能的方法來(lái)提升在線旅游的服務(wù)質(zhì)量。Terwiech（2005)研究了NYOP的消費(fèi)者行為,分析模擬了NYOP中間銷售商和一組消費(fèi)者之間討價(jià)還價(jià)的買賣模型。NYOP中間商接受潛在買家的報(bào)價(jià)后選擇接受或拒絕。討價(jià)還價(jià)的買賣模型通過(guò)價(jià)格歧視向我們展示如何利用這種NYOP商業(yè)模式設(shè)定限制價(jià)格并獲得較優(yōu)的零售商利潤(rùn)。Fay(2004)研究了NYOP商業(yè)模式的重復(fù)報(bào)價(jià)問(wèn)題。Priceline企業(yè)的單次出價(jià)的限制可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致部分重復(fù)的招標(biāo)采購(gòu),論文研究了限制消費(fèi)者出價(jià)次數(shù)的行為是否不利于NYOP公司的利潤(rùn)獲取。結(jié)果表明重復(fù)競(jìng)價(jià)的次數(shù)對(duì)利潤(rùn)的影響并不統(tǒng)一,過(guò)高和過(guò)低的競(jìng)價(jià)都會(huì)致NYOP的重復(fù)競(jìng)價(jià)行為,并對(duì)利潤(rùn)產(chǎn)生影響。3在線旅游企業(yè)商業(yè)模式分析3.1在線旅游相關(guān)概述3.1.1在線旅游的含義在線旅游是指利用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)進(jìn)行旅游路線查詢和旅游產(chǎn)品預(yù)定,及其他相關(guān)旅游產(chǎn)品的在線服務(wù),還包括通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)分享旅游過(guò)程或旅游經(jīng)驗(yàn)、旅客間的互動(dòng)等。具體包括：旅游及相應(yīng)的行前準(zhǔn)備；旅游進(jìn)行中的互動(dòng)以及旅游結(jié)束后的分享和點(diǎn)評(píng)。綜合來(lái)講，在線旅游就是把旅游服務(wù)業(yè)與電子商務(wù)相結(jié)合,用“在線”來(lái)為“旅游”服務(wù),從而得到了一個(gè)新的服務(wù)業(yè)態(tài),狹義上講就是旅游電子商務(wù),廣義上來(lái)講就是在線旅游產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈。3.1.2在線旅游的特點(diǎn)在線旅游是指以網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)為依托,通過(guò)在線網(wǎng)絡(luò)查閱和預(yù)訂旅游產(chǎn)品,并可以通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)分享旅游或旅行經(jīng)驗(yàn)。在線旅游和傳統(tǒng)的旅游主要是預(yù)訂方式和查閱信息的區(qū)別,沒(méi)除此之外沒(méi)有其他任何的區(qū)別。在線旅游是一種服務(wù)手段,通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)或移動(dòng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)來(lái)方便大家。不論傳統(tǒng)的旅行社還是現(xiàn)在的在線旅游網(wǎng)站,都是具有代理中介的