PPTcoursewareforEnglishwordclassification目錄ClassificationofEnglishWordsPartofspeechchangesofwordsSynonymsandantonymsCommonphrasesandfixedsettlementsMemoryskillsforwords01ClassificationofEnglishWordsSummarywordsNounsarewordsthatrepresentthenamesofthingsandareusuallyobjective.DetaileddescriptionNounscanbedividedintocommonnounsandpropernouns.Commonnounsusuallyrefertogeneralthingssuchaspeople,animals,objects,etc;Propernounsrefertospecificthings,suchasplacenames,organizationalnames,etc.Nounscanalsobedividedintocountablenounsanduncountablenouns.Countablenounshavesingularandpluralforms,whileuncountablenounsdonot.NounSummarywordsVerbsarewordsthatexpressactionsorstates,usuallywithdynamism.DetaileddescriptionVerbscanbedividedintotransitiveverbsandintransitiveverbs.Transitiveverbsindicatethatanactionaffectstheobject,whileintransitiveverbsdonotinvolvetheobject.Verbscanalsobedividedintoregularverbsandirregularverbs.Thepasttenseandpastparticipleformsofregularverbshaverulestofollow,whileirregularverbsdonot.VerbSummaryword:Adjectivesarewordsusedtodescribethecharacteristicsofnounsorpronouns,usuallywithsubjectivity.Detaileddescription:Adjectivescanbedividedintofiniteandnonfinitewords.Qualifiersareusedtolimitthequantityorscopeofnouns,suchas"one","these",etc;Nonfinitewordsareusedtodescribethecharacteristicsofnouns,suchas"beautiful","smart",etc.Adjectivescanalsobedividedintoprimary,comparative,andsuperlativeformstoexpressdifferentdegreesoffeatures.AdjectivesAdverbSummaryword:Adverbsarewordsusedtomodifyverbs,adjectives,orotheradverbs,usuallywithmodifiers.Detaileddescription:Adverbscanbedividedintotypessuchastimeadverbs,placeadverbs,andmanneradverbs.Adverbsoftimeindicatethetimewhenanactionoccurs,suchas"present","future",etc;Placeadverbsindicatetheplacewhereanactionoccurs,suchas"here","there",etc;Adverbsofmannerindicatethewayanactionistaken,suchas"quickly","slowly",etc.Adverbscanalsobedividedintoaffirmativeadverbsandnegativeadverbs,withaffirmativeadverbsindicatingaffirmationandnegativeadverbsindicatingnegation.SummarywordAprepositionisawordusedtoindicatetherelationshipbetweenanounorpronounandotherwords,usuallywithrelevance.Detaileddescriptionprepositionscanbedividedintosimpleprepositionsandcomplexprepositions.Simpleprepositionssuchas"in","about","through",etc;Complexprepositionssuchas"since","except","unless",etc.Prepositionsareusuallyusedtogetherwithnouns,pronouns,orgerundstoindicaterelationshipssuchastime,place,andmanner.Preparation02PartofspeechchangesofwordsSummarywordverbtonounconversionDetaileddescriptionInEnglish,someverbscanbetransformedintonounsbyaddingsuffixesorotherwordformationmethods.Forexample,"play"(verbmeaning"play")ischangedto"player"(nounmeaning"player").VerbtonounExampleVerb:"write"->Noun:"writer"(writer)Verb:"dream"->Noun:"dreamer"VerbtonounnountoadjectiveconversionSummarywordSomeEnglishnounscanbetransformedintoadjectivesbyaddingsuffixesorotherwordformationmethodstodescribethepropertiesorcharacteristicsofothernouns.Forexample,"blue"(nounmeaning"blue")istransformedintotheadjective"blue"(meaning"blue").DetaileddescriptionNountoobjectiveExampleNoun:"happiness"->Adjective:"happy"Noun:"sadness"->Adjective:"sad"NountoobjectiveAdjectiveschangingintoadvertisementsadjectivetoadverbconversionSummarywordSomeEnglishadjectivescanbetransformedintoadverbsbyaddingsuffixesorotherwordformationmethods,usedtodescribethebehaviorordegreeofverbsoradjectives.Forexample,"slow"(adjectivemeaning"slow")istransformedintoanadverb"slowly"(meaning"slowly").DetaileddescriptionExampleAdjective:"happy"->Adverb:"happy"(happily)Adjective:"easy"->Adverb:"easy"(easily)AdjectiveschangingintoadvertisementsSummarywordsAdverbstoprepositions要點(diǎn)一要點(diǎn)二DetaileddescriptionSomeEnglishadverbscanbetransformedintoprepositionsbyaddingsuffixesorotherwordformationmethods,usedtoindicatetherelationshipbetweennounsandotherthings.Forexample,"up"(adverbmeaning"up")istransformedintothepreposition"up"(meaning"above").AdvertisementschangeintopositionsExampleAdverb:"down"->preposition:"down"(under...)Adverb:"out"->preposition:"outof"(outsideof...)Advertisementschangeintopositions03SynonymsandantonymsSynonymsrefertowordswithsimilaroridenticalmeanings.Definitionsuchas"happiness"and"happiness","sadness"and"sadness".ExamplesUsingsynonymscanmakelanguagemorerich,flexible,andavoidrepetition.FunctionSynonymsarenotexactlythesame,andtheymaydifferinemotionalcolor,style,andotheraspects.NoteSynonymsDefinition:Antonymsrefertowordswithoppositeorrelativemeanings.Function:Usingantonymscancreatesharpcontrastandenhancetheexpressivepoweroflanguage.Examples:suchas"big"and"small","high"and"low","in"and"out".Notethatantonymsarenotabsoluteandmayhaveoverlappingorambiguousboundariesincertaincontexts.Antonym04CommonphrasesandfixedsettlementsExpressionsforgreetingsandintroductions:Hi,Hello,Nicetomeetyou,MynameisExpressionsforaskingandansweringquestions:What'syourname?,Howareyou?,WhereisthenearestATM?Expressionsformakingrequestsandoffers:Canyoupleasepassthesalt?,Wouldyouliketodancewithme?Expressionsforthinkingandapologizing:Thankyou,Irecommendit,Sorry,ExcusemeUsefulExpressionsCollationsfordescribingpeople:tall,short,thin,fatCollaborationfordescribingactivities:playbasketball,watchTV,gotothemovies,takeawalkCollationsfordescribingplaces:bigcity,smalltown,ruralarea,seasidereportCollationsfordescribingbenefits:happy,sad,excluded,bornFixedsettlement05MemoryskillsforwordsSummarywordsMethodsofmemorizingwordsthroughwordrootsDetaileddescriptionThismethodinvolvesmasteringtherootsofEnglishwordsandusingtheirmeaningstomemorizerelevantwords.Forexample,bymemorizingtherootoftheword"bio",onecanexpandtheirmemoryofvocabularysuchas"biology"and"biography".DetaileddescriptionThismethodcanhelplearnersquicklymemorizealargenumberofwordsandunderstandtheirmeaningandcomposition.RootMemoryMethodSummarywordsMethodsofmemorizingwordsthroughassociationDetaileddescriptionThismethodinvolvesassociatingwordswithcertainrelatedimages,stories,orotherthings,andusingassociationtorememberwords.Forexample,li