閱讀理解（共20小題；每小題2分，滿分40分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

In1939twobrothers,MacandDickMcDonald,startedadrive-inrestaurant

inSanBernadino,California.Theycarefullychoseabusycornerfortheir

location.Theyhadruntheirownbusinessesforyears,firstatheater,then

abarbecue（烤肉）restaurant,thenanotherdrive-in.Butintheirnew

operation,theyofferedanew,shortenedmenu:Frenchfries,hamburgers,and

sodas.Tothissmallselectiontheyaddedonenewidea:quickservice,no

waitersorwaitresses,andnotips.

Theirhamburgerssoldforfifteencents.Cheesewasanotherfour

cents.TheirFrenchfriesandhamburgershadaremarkableuniformity（一

致性）,forthebrothershaddevelopedastrictroutine（程序）forthe

preparationoftheirfood,andtheyinsistedontheircooks'stickingto

theirroutine.Theirnewdrive-inbecamesurprisingly

popular,particularlyforlunch.Peopledroveupbythehundredsduringthe

busynoontime.Theself-servicerestaurantwassopopularthatthe

brothershadallowedtencopiesoftheirrestauranttobeopened.Theywere

contentwiththismodestsuccessuntiltheymetRayKroc.

KrocwasasalesmanwhomettheMcDonaldbrothersin1954,whenhewas

sellingmilkshake-mixingmachines.Hequicklysawthespecialattraction

ofthebrothers'fast-foodrestaurantsandboughttherighttofranchise

（特許經(jīng)營）othercopiesoftheirrestaurants.Theagreementstruck

includedtherighttoduplicate（復(fù)制）themenu,theequipment,eventheir

redandwhitebuildingswiththegoldenarches（拱門）.

TodayMcDonald'sisreallyahouseholdname.In1976,McDonald'shadover

$1billionintotalsales.Itsfirsttwenty-twoyearsinoneofthemost

surprisingsuccessstoriesinmodernAmericanbusinesshistory.

56.Thispassagemainlytalksabout.

A.thedevelopmentoffastfoodservices

B.howMcDonald?sbecameabillion-dollarbusiness

C.thebusinesscareersofMacandDickMcDonald

D.RayKroc'sbusinesstalent

57.MacandDickmanagedallofthefollowingbusinessesexcept.

A.adrive-inB.atheater

C.acinemaD.abarbecuerestaurant

58.Wemayinferfromthispassagethat.

A.MacandDickMcDonaldneverbecamewealthyfortheysoldtheiridea

toKroc.

B.theplacetheMcDonaldschosewastheonlysourceofthegreatpopularity

oftheirdrive-in

C.fortyyearsagotherewerelotsoffast-foodrestaurants

D.RayKrocwasagoodbusinessman

59.Thepassagesuggeststhat.

A.creativityisanimportantelementofbusinesssuccess

B.RayKrocwastheclosepartneroftheMcDonaldbrothers

C.MacandDickMcDonaldbecamebrokenaftertheysoldtheirideastoRay

Kroc

D.Californiaisthebestplacetogointobusiness

B

MaggiewasverygladthatJameswasnotafrequentvisitortothehouse.In

thechildren'sopinion,theyhadsomethingthattheycouldn,texplain

orunderstandabouthimandthatexcitedtheirimagination.Hestirred

Maggie1sanger,however,sothatsheoftensaidtoherhusband,"It'sa

mercythatbrotherofyoursdoesn'tcomeoftener.”

InfactJamescameonceayear,unexpectedly,aroundeighto'clockinthe

evening,andhestayedforsixhoursofclosediscussionwithhis

brother.Hisarrivalwasasignaltothechildreenthattheirbedtimewould

bedelayed.Notthatheeverspoketothemorplayedwiththem.Hetookno

noticeofthem,asifhewasunabletoseechildren,atleastuntilthetime

cameforhimtogo.Indeed,afterhisfirstgreetingandacareless

kiss,JamestooknonoticeofMaggieeither,excepttoadd,"You’11be

gettingonwiththesupper,Maggie."Suchwashisregardforher.

Maggiepaidhimbackinherownway.Shekeptthechildrenup,thefourof

them,tokeephercompany,shesaid,butofcoursetheysangandmadeanoise

andbroketheendlesssoundofJames'voice.Verylate,theydroppedoff

tosleepintheirchairs.Then,whenJameswasabouttogo,Maggiewokethem

upandsomoreorlessforcedhimtopartwithfourshillingsbeforehe

left.Thatgavehersomesatisfaction,forJames,thoughrich,wasunwilling

togiveorsharewhathehad.Healwayswenthomebythelasttrain,just

aftertwoo'clock.

Maggie'schildrensecretlystaredattheiruncle.Theycouldnotforget

thathehad,intheirmotherswords,“l(fā)osttwowivesandtakena

third,"Theywonderedaboutthosetwounfortunate,lostladies.Theyasked

eachotherwhattheirfate（命運(yùn)）hadbeen,andifneithercouldeverbe

foundagain.Jamesneverbroughthisthirdwifewithhimnorevermentioned

her.Thechildrendecidedthathemustbesofrightenedoflosingherthat

heneverallowdedheroutsidethedoor.

60.MaggieneverpreparedanythingspecialforJamesbecause.

A.hewasamandifficulttoplease

B.sheneverknewwhenhewascoming

C.shewastoobusylookingafterherchildren

D.heneverstayedlongenoughforameal

61.WhatdoweknowaboutJames'behaviour?

A.Hewasakindman,withloveforthefamily.

B.Hewasunselfish,especiallytowardshisbrother.

C.Hewasanxioustopleasethefamily,especiallythechildren.

D.Hewasrudetohissister-in-law

62.Maggiefeltpleasedwhen.

A.shepaidJamesthemoneythatsheowedhim

B.Jamesgavesomemoneytothechildren

C.shehadtowakeJamesuptocatchhistrain

D.Jamesthankedherforthenicesupper

63.ThechildrendidnotrealisethattwoofJasmes,wives.

A.weredeadB.sufferedfromlossofmemory

C.hadrunawayfromhimD.mightreappearoneday

C

Humansaresocialanimals.Theyliveingroupsallovertheworld.Asthese

groupsofpeopleliveapartfromothergroups,overtheyearsandcenturies

theydeveloptheirownhabitsandideas,whichfromdifferentcultures.One

importantparticularsideofeverycultureishowitspeopledealwith

time.

Timeisnotveryimportantinnonindustrialsocieties.TheNuerpeopleof

EastAfrica,forexample,donotevenhaveawordTIMEthatisinagreement

withtheabstractthingwecalltime.Thedailylivesofthepeopleofsuch

nonindustrialsocietiesarelikelytobepatternedaroundtheirphysical

needsandnaturaleventsratherthanaroundatimeschedule（時(shí)間表）

basedontheclock.Theycookandeatwhentheyarehungryandsleepwhen

thesungoesdown.Theyplantcropsduringthegrowingseasonsandharvest

themwhenthecropsareripe.Theymeasuretimenotbyaclockorcalendar

（日歷），butbysayingthataneventtakesplacebeforeoraftersomeother

eventFrequentlysuchasocietymeasuresdaysintermsof"sleeps”or

longerperiodsintermsofumoons."Somecultures,suchastheEskimos

ofGreenlandmeasureseasonsaccordingtothemigrationofcertainanimals.

Somecultureswhichdonothaveawrittenlanguageorkeepwrittenrecords

havcedevelopedinterestingwaysof^tellingtime”.Forexample,when

severalAustralianaborigineswanttoplananeventforafuturetime,one

ofthemplacesastoneonaclifforinatree.Eachdaytheangleofthe

sunchangesslightly.Inafewdays,theraysofthesunstrikethestone

inacertainway.Whenthishappens,thepeopleseethattheagreed-upon

timehasarrivedandtheeventcantakeplace.

Incontrast（成對(duì)比），exactlycorrectmeasurementoftimeisveryimportant

inmodem,industrializedsocieties.Thisisbecauseindustrialized

societiesrequirethehelpfuleffortsofmanypopleinordertowork.For

afactorytoworkefficiently（well,quicklyandwithoutwaste）,for

example,alloftheworkersmustworkatthesametime.Therefore,theymust

knowwhattimetostartworkinthemorningandwhattimetheymaygohome

intheafternoon.Passengersmustknowtheexacttimethatanairplanewill

arriveordepart.Studentsandteachersneedtoknowwhenaclassstarts

andends.Storesmustopenontimeinordertoservetheir

customers.Complicated（復(fù)雜的）societiesneedclocksand

calendars.Thus,wecanseethatifeachpersonworkedaccordingtohisor

herownschedule,acomplicatedsocietycouldhardlyworkatall.

64.BysayinguHumansaresocialanimals”,theauthormeans.

A.theyliveallovertheworld

B.theyaredifferentfromotheranimals

C.theyliveinoneplace,districtorcountry,consideredasawhole

D.theyaredividedintomanygroups

65.Timeisnotveryimportantinnonindustrialsocieties.Thisisbecause

peopleinthosesocieties

A.don'thavethewordTIMEintheirlanguages

B.don,tgetusedtousingclocksandothertimepieces

C.don'tmeasuretimeintheirdaily-livesaroundanexacttimeschedule

D.don'tneedtoplantheirdailylivesaroundanexacttimeschedule

66.TheAustralianaborigines,wayof"tellingtimenisbasedon.

A.thechangeofthesunrays

B.themovementoftheearthinrelationtothesun

C.thepositionofthestone

D.thepositionofthetreeorthecliff

67.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthispassage?

A.TimeandCultureB.TheMeasurmentofTime

C.TimeScheduleandDailyLifeD.Clock,CalendarandSociety

D

COURSE:History101aIntroductiontoAmericanHistory”

INSTRUCTOR:Dr,JaneKlammer

OFFICE:305MarshallHall

OFFICEHOURS:11:1512:30MWF（MondayWednesdayFriday）

CLASS:363MarshallHall3:355:00TTh（TuesdayThursday）

10:1011:00MWFOthertimesbyappointment

TELEPHONE:255-4786

TEXTBOOK:Green,RobertP,TheAmericanTradition:AHistoryoftheUnited

States,CharlesE.MerrillpublishingCo.Columbus,Ohio1984whichis

available（可得到的）attheCollegeBookstore.

COURSERequirements（必要條件）

mid-termexam:October1020%ofthefinalgrade

finalexam:December1040%ofthefinalgrade

termpaperdue:December1540%ofthefinalgrade

Attendance（出席）isnotrequired,butyouareresponsibleforallthe

informationgivenintheclasslectures.InthelecturesIwilltalkabout

thechaptersinthetextbookandothermaterialthatIchoosetosupplement

（補(bǔ)充）thecourse.Theexamswillcoverallthisinformation.Therefore,I

adviseyoutocometotheclassasmuchaspossible.Ifyouhavetomiss

aclass,besuretogettheclassnotesfromanotherstudent.

Yourhomeworkassignmentsarelistedonthenextpage.Youaresupposed

toreadthechapteraboutwhichIwillbelecturingbeforeyoucometo

class.Thisistomakesurethatyouunderstandasmuchaspossiblewhile

takingnotesinmylectures.Bepreparedwhenyoucometoclass.Ifthere

areanychangesintheassignedhomeworkreading,Iwillannounceinclass.

Thetermpaperis40%ofyourfinalgrade.Itshouldnotexceed（超前）

fifteenpages.（Anyonethinkingofmajoringinhistorymaywrite

twenty-fivepages.）Beforethemid-termexamyouwillchoosethetopic

foryourpaper.

Haveagoodterm!

68.Ifastudentwantstoknowwhatthehomeworkassignmentsare,.

A.Pro.Klammerannouncestheminclass

B.thestudentreadsthelistonthenextpage

C.Prof.Klammergivesalisteveryweek

D.thestudentgoestotheprofessor'soffice

69.IfastudentcannotseeProf.Klammerduringherofficehours,he.

A.seesherafterclass

B.callsherathome

C.makesanappointmentwithher

D.asksanotherstudent

70.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?

A.ThetextbookiswrittenbyDr.JaneKlammer.

B.Ifyouhavetomissaclass,besuretosaysorrytoProf.Klammer.

C.ThestudentscanbuyIntroductiontoAmericanHistoryvattheCollege

Bookstore.

D.Prof.Klammeradvisesherstudentstotakenotesinherclass.

71.Ifafreshmanthinksthathemightmajorinhistory,whatisthemaximum

lengthofhispaper

canbe?

A.Fifteenpages.B.Twenty-fivepages.

C.Tenpages.D.Nomaximum.

E

HOWTOQUIT(GIVEUP)SMOKING

Whenthinkingaboutquitting...

Listallthereasonswhyyouwanttoquit.Everynightbeforegoingto

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Decidepositivelythatyouwanttoquit.Trytoavoidnegative（消極的）

thoughtsabouthowdifficultitmightbe.Developstrongpersonalreasons

inadditiontoyourhealthandobligations（責(zé)任）toothers.For

example,thinkofalthetimeyouwastetakingcigarettebreaks,rushing

outtobuyapack,huntingalight,etc.Setadateforquitting-perhapsa

specialdaylikeyourbirthday,aholiday.Ifyousmokeheavilyat

work,quitduringyourvacation.Makethedatesacredseriously,anddon't

letanythingchangeit.Begintocondition,yourselfphysically;starta

modest（適度的）exercise;drinkmorewater;getplentyofrest.

Immediatelyafterquitting...

Thefirstfewdaysafteryouquit,spendasmuchfreetimeaspossiblein

placeswheresmokingisprohibite