課時(shí)作業(yè)8putersⅠ.閱讀理解AFamilysizesareshrinkingaroundtheworld.Inmanycountries,familiesarehavingfewerthantwochildren.Smallerfamiliesmeanmanychildrennowgrowupwithfewercousins.Thisishardtoimagine,asIefromalargeextendedfamilywith23firstcousinsononesideand25ontheother.SometimeswhenIcan'tsleep,Itrytonameallmyrelatives.Ofcourse,almostallofthosecousinshavemarriedandhadchildrenandnowtheirchildrenarehavingchildren.Withextendedfamiliesgrowingsolargeandspreadingsofar,get-togethershavenearlybeeathingofthepast.Oneofthelastgatheringsonmyfather'ssidewasatthehomeofacousinwhohasaplaceinthecountryontopofahill.Atentwassetup,holdinglongtablescreaking(嘎吱作響)undertheweightoffriedchicken,potatosaladandchocolatecake.Afishingholewaitednearbyforthekids.Vehiclespouredinfromeverydirection,parkingonthedrive,thegrass,wherevertheycouldfindaspot.Therewastalkingandlaughingandjokingandfood.Whilesuchgatheringshadgrowninfrequent,wewereallhappytobetogether.Althoughsomeofushadnotseenoneanothersinceso-and-so'sweddingorsomebody'sfather'sfuneral,mostpeoplewerestilleasytorecognize.Threesisterswhosattogetherallhadthesamebeautifulskintheirmotherhad.Thecousinwithbrightblueeyeswhoracedherhorseasateenagerstillhadbrightblueeyes.AnoldercousinwhogavemepianolessonswhenIwasyoungandnaughtyseemedtohaveforgivenme.Weshareagenepoolofpeoplewhoworkhardandlaughoften.Itwasverydarkwhenthelastsetoftaillightsdisappearedintothenight.Aswegatheredourthings,saidourgoodbyesandpreparedtoleave,acousincalledtomesaying,“Don'tforgetwhereyouefrom.”Inevercould.AndI'dnevertry.本文是一篇記敘文。作者來(lái)自于一個(gè)大家庭，雖然隨著家庭規(guī)模的擴(kuò)大，大家聚在一起的機(jī)會(huì)越來(lái)越少，但是作者和親戚都很珍惜彼此之間的感情紐帶。1．What'stheauthor'sattitudetohislargefamily?A．Delighted. B．Sad.C．Ashamed. D．Indifferent.答案：A解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中Whilesuchgatheringshadgrowninfrequent,wewereallhappytobetogether.可知，雖然這樣的聚會(huì)越來(lái)越少了，但我們都很高興能在一起。由此推測(cè)作者喜歡和親人聚在一起，對(duì)于自己擁有一個(gè)大家庭這件事是高興的，故選A項(xiàng)。2．Whatcanweinferfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A．Theauthor'sfamiliesoftengettogether.B．Allthefamilymembershaveetothegathering.C．Theoldcousinwhotaughttheauthorpianodidn'tlikehim.D．Theauthorandhislargefamilymemberscherishthebondbetweenthem.答案：D解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后兩段內(nèi)容可知，雖然像這樣一大家子聚在一起的機(jī)會(huì)越來(lái)越少了，但作者他們都很高興能在一起。作者能夠輕易地認(rèn)出來(lái)大多數(shù)親戚。當(dāng)聚會(huì)結(jié)束，最后一組尾燈消失在夜色中時(shí)，天已經(jīng)很黑了。當(dāng)作者收拾好東西，說(shuō)再見(jiàn)，準(zhǔn)備離開(kāi)的時(shí)候，一個(gè)表哥打給他，說(shuō)：“別忘了你來(lái)自哪里。”他回答到“我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)。我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)嘗試”。從作者能夠認(rèn)出大部分親戚，表哥打給作者說(shuō)的話以及作者的回答等可以推斷出作者和親戚都很珍惜他們之間的關(guān)系，故選D項(xiàng)。3．Whydoestheauthorwritethispassage?A．Toparethesmallfamilieswithlargeones.B．Tosharehisfeelingaboutlargefamily.C．Toshowhisworryabouttheshrinkingoffamilysize.D．Togiveadviceoffamilyrelationships.答案：B解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，雖然世界各地的家庭規(guī)模都在縮小，意味著很多孩子在成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中很少有表親。但作者很難想象這個(gè)，因?yàn)樗麃?lái)自于一個(gè)大家庭。作者描述了來(lái)自于一個(gè)大家庭是怎么的經(jīng)歷，并著重描寫了在表親家的一次聚會(huì)，展現(xiàn)了與親戚之間的感情紐帶。由此可知，作者寫這篇文章是為了分享他對(duì)大家庭的感受，故選B項(xiàng)。BHowsomepaniesfightthecurse(禍害)ofpresenteeism(超時(shí)工作)?RonaldReaganfamouslyjokedthat“it'struehardworkneverkilledanybody,butIfigure,whytakethechance？”Beyond_a_certain_level,_extra_effort_seems_to_be_self-defeating.Studiessuggestthat,afteraround50hoursaweek,employeeproductivitydeclinessharply.Butthatdoesn'tstopsomemanagersfromdemandingthatworkersstaychainedtotheirdeskforlongperiods.JackMa,thefounderofAlibaba,theChinesee-mercegroup,recentlypraisedthe996model,whereemployeesworkfrom9amto9pm,sixdaysaweek,asa“greatopportunity”.Yetpresenteeismisthecurseofthemodernofficeworker.Therewillbedayswhenyoudonothavemuchtodo;perhapsbecauseyouarewaitingforsomeoneelseinadifferentdepartment,oradifferentpany,torespondtoarequest.Astheclocktickspast5pm,theremaybenopurposeinstayingatyourdesk.Butyoucanseeyourbosseshardatworkand,moreimportantly,theycanseeyou.Soyoumakeanefforttolookbusy.Theconsequenceisoftenwastedeffort.Ratherthanworkhard,youslavetomakebossesthinkthatyouare.Butpresenteeismhasmoreseriousconsequences.Aswellasreducedproductivity,thiscanmeangreatermedicalexpensesfortheemployer.AccordingtoastudyintheJournalofOccupationandEnvironmentalMedicine,thesecostscanbesixtimeshigherforemployersthanthecostsofabsenteeismamongworkers.Noneofthisistosaythatemployersarenotcalledtoexpectworkerstobeintheofficeforaproperperiodoftime.Surelytherewillbeaneedforsome(preferablyshort)meetings.Dealingwithcolleaguesface-to-facecreatesafeelingoftogetherness,allowsforausefulexchangeofideasandenablesworkerstohaveabettersenseoftheirmutualneeds.Turninganofficeintoaprison,withinmates(囚犯)allowedhomefortheevenings,doesnothingforcreativitythatisincreasinglydemandedofofficeworkersasroutinetasksareautomated.Tobeproductiveyouneedpresenceofmind,notjustbeingpresentintheflesh.本文是一篇議論文，作者在文中論述了超時(shí)工作的負(fù)面影響，包括降低生產(chǎn)效率、增加成本等。4．WhydeostheauthormentionRonaldReagan'sjokeinPara.1?A．Toencouragepeopletograspthechancetoworkhard.B．Toshowthathardworkisharmless.C．Tointroducethetopicofthepassage.D．TopraiseRonaldReagan'sjokingskills.答案：C解析：推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章的主題是論述超時(shí)工作的負(fù)面影響。從結(jié)構(gòu)上來(lái)看，作者在第一段用羅納德·里根曾說(shuō)過(guò)的一句著名的俏皮話點(diǎn)題(為什么要冒險(xiǎn)加班工作)，下文則緊接著論述讓員工超負(fù)荷工作產(chǎn)生的各種負(fù)面影響，由此可推知作者在第一段提到里根的話是為了引出文章主題。故選C。5．Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedsentence?A．Extraeffortcausesproblemsordifficulties.B．Withextraeffort,wecandefeatanybody.C．Weshouldsaynotoextraeffort.D．Extraeffortisn'tnecessarilyhelpful.答案：D解析：句意理解題。根據(jù)上文羅納德·里根的俏皮話可知，沒(méi)有必要冒險(xiǎn)努力工作；下文表明，一周工作50個(gè)小時(shí)后，員工的生產(chǎn)力會(huì)急劇下滑，由此可推知畫線句表示超過(guò)一定水平后，多余的努力會(huì)適得其反，故選D。6．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingsituationishelpfultothepany?A．Yourteamhasaten-minutemeetingafterworkforanurgentproblem.B．Youdon'tgohomeuntil7：30pmbecauseyourbossisinhisofficeandhecanseeyou.C．Themanagertourstheengineeringdepartmentat7：30pmtocheckpeopleareattheirdesks.D．Youattendtheofficeevenwhenyousufferlowerbackpain.答案：A解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Surelytherewillbeaneedforsome(preferablyshort)meetings”可知，開(kāi)會(huì)(最好是短會(huì))對(duì)公司是有必要的，故選A。7．Whichofthefollowingopinionsagreeswiththepassage?A．Somemanagersexpectworkerstiethemselvesupwithachaintotheirdesks.B．Reducedproductivitycanmeangreatermedicalexpensesfortheemployer.C．Withgrowingdemandofcreativityonofficeworkers,aprison-likeofficeisnotawiseoption.D．Presenceofmindguaranteesyourproductivity.答案：C解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)尾段第一句可知，把辦公室變成監(jiān)獄對(duì)(員工的)創(chuàng)造力毫無(wú)益處，故選C。Ⅱ.七選五Manypeoplebelievethatthereissometruthinthesaying,“Laughteristhebestmedicine.”__1__Laughterhelpsrelievepain,strengthentheimmunesystemandreducestress.Laughterstimulates(激發(fā))hormoneswhichmakeusfeelhappy.Laughteralsoincreasestheflowofbloodthroughoutthebodyandhasbenefitswhicharesimilartotheonesyougetbydoingexercise.__2__Childrenexposedtofunnyfilmsandcartoonsbeforemajormedicalproceduresareabletocopebetterwithpainandanxiety.__3__Theseareprofessionalclownswhoaresenttohospitalsandwardstoentertainanddistractsickchildren.Laughtertherapyhasbeeverypopularinrecentyearsandasaresult,moreandmorelaughterclubsarestartingtoopenupincitiesandtownsallovertheworld.Atalaughtersession,atrainedtherapistinstructsthegrouptoperformaseriesofexerciseswhicharedesignedtoproducelaughter.__4__Andittakesthemsometimetogetridoftheirinhibitions(拘謹(jǐn)).Theymightevenstartoffwithfakelaughter,butthisdoesn'tmatterbecauseourbodiescan'ttellthedifference,andtheresultsarethesame.Moreover,laughteriscontagious(有感染力的).__5__Sonexttimeyoufeelill,stressedoutordepressed,trywatchingafunnyfilmortryrememberinganamusingincidentinyourlife.Youwillsoonfeelbetter.A．Ifonepersonstartsgiggling,itisunavoidablethateveryoneelsewillbedrawnin.B．Laughterhelpsyoufocus.C．Thisfindinghasledtoso-calledclowndoctors.D．Infact,researchdonebyscientistshasshownthatlaughterhasalotofhealthbenefits.E．Laughtermakestheworldabetterandmorecolorfulplace.F．Somepeoplemayfindtheideaembarrasssingatfirst.G．Usinglaughtertherapyinchildren'shospitalshasproventobeinvaluable.笑對(duì)人體健康有諸多好處。笑療法已被證明是非常有效的，全世界各地的專業(yè)的笑療法治療機(jī)構(gòu)越來(lái)越多。1．D解析：根據(jù)空前的“Laughteristhebestmedicine”和空后的內(nèi)容可知，笑對(duì)人體健康有諸多好處，故D項(xiàng)“實(shí)際上，由科學(xué)家做出的研究表明笑對(duì)健康有很多益處”符合語(yǔ)境，承上啟下。2．G解析：根據(jù)空后一句可知，孩子在進(jìn)行重大醫(yī)療手術(shù)之前，看滑稽的電影和卡通片能夠更好地應(yīng)付痛苦和焦慮，故G項(xiàng)“在兒童醫(yī)院使用笑療法被證明是極有用的”符合語(yǔ)境，且該項(xiàng)中的“children'shospitals”和空后的“Children”呼應(yīng)。3．C解析：根據(jù)空后一句可知，這些都是專業(yè)的小丑，他們被派往醫(yī)院和病房以逗樂(lè)生病的孩子，分散他們的注意力；故可推知，C項(xiàng)“這一調(diào)查結(jié)果導(dǎo)致了所謂的小丑醫(yī)生的誕生”符合語(yǔ)境。4．F解析：根據(jù)空后的“theirinhibitions(拘謹(jǐn))”可知，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“這個(gè)主意剛開(kāi)始可能會(huì)讓一些人難為情”符合語(yǔ)境，銜接下文。5．A解析：根據(jù)空前一句可知，笑聲是有感染力的，故A項(xiàng)“如果一個(gè)人開(kāi)始咯咯地笑，其他人也會(huì)無(wú)法避免地跟著笑”符合語(yǔ)境，承接上文。Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空Everwonderedhowmanycaloriesareinthehumanbody?Oreverwonderedwhyoldpeoplehave__1__(big)earsthantheyusedto?ThewinnersofIgNobelPrizes(搞笑諾貝爾獎(jiǎng))havegottheanswers.TheIgNobelPrizes,foundedin1991,aretohonorachievements__2__firstmakepeoplelaugh,andthenmakethemthink.Theceremony__3__(take)placeatHarvardUniversityeveryyear.Winners'acceptance__4__(speech)arelimitedto60seconds,__5__(strict)policed(監(jiān)督)byaneight-year-oldgirl.Thehonoredresearchmightseemridiculous__6__firstsight,butthatdoesn'tmeanitlacksscientificvalue.Forexample,theresearchin2006onwhydryspaghettitendstobreakintomorethantwopieceswasimportant__7__(discover)failureinbridgespans(跨度)orhumanbones.Andafollow-uppaper__8__(publish)byMITphysicistsseveralyears