淺談互聯(lián)網(wǎng)創(chuàng)新我認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)領(lǐng)域的創(chuàng)新主要有三種：一、發(fā)明，發(fā)明一種新產(chǎn)品或新技術(shù)；二、商業(yè)模式上的創(chuàng)新；三、體驗(yàn)上的創(chuàng)新。如今發(fā)明一種從來(lái)沒(méi)有過(guò)的東西已經(jīng)越來(lái)越難，更多的創(chuàng)新來(lái)自于商業(yè)模式的創(chuàng)新和用戶(hù)體驗(yàn)上的創(chuàng)新。商業(yè)模式上的創(chuàng)新，比如360把殺毒軟件做免費(fèi)，不靠賣(mài)殺毒軟件賺錢(qián)，而靠瀏覽器等其他業(yè)務(wù)賺錢(qián)；體驗(yàn)上的創(chuàng)新，比如蘋(píng)果，把用戶(hù)體驗(yàn)做到極致，改變了世界?，F(xiàn)在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的創(chuàng)新有一個(gè)特點(diǎn)，就是“屌絲逆襲”，一開(kāi)始不被看好，最后卻能改變世界!比如早期的阿里巴巴，比如最早的蘋(píng)果電腦。喬布斯帶著蘋(píng)果個(gè)人電腦去找惠普合作，卻被冷嘲熱諷，他們認(rèn)為個(gè)人電腦根本沒(méi)有商業(yè)價(jià)值，因?yàn)樵诋?dāng)時(shí)個(gè)人電腦還沒(méi)有現(xiàn)在這么強(qiáng)大的功能，計(jì)算非常慢，但是它有一個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)就是方便，蘋(píng)果就是把方便這一點(diǎn)做到了極致。雖然當(dāng)時(shí)的個(gè)人電腦并不完美，但是經(jīng)過(guò)不斷完善與改進(jìn)，如今，個(gè)人電腦早已打敗了大型的電腦，他就是靠方便的體驗(yàn)贏得了消費(fèi)者的心?；ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)時(shí)代的創(chuàng)新需要有逆向思維，如果主流走，別人干什么我也干什么，小公司根本無(wú)法成功，可以做大公司看不起、不愿意做的地方，把一個(gè)點(diǎn)做到極致才會(huì)成功。微博的興起就是一種逆向思維，傳統(tǒng)的博客字?jǐn)?shù)沒(méi)有限制，博主可以寫(xiě)很長(zhǎng)，但除了一些有名的博主，如韓寒、李承鵬等，其他人的人們都不喜歡看，但微博逆向思維，把字?jǐn)?shù)限制在140字以?xún)?nèi)，滿(mǎn)足了快節(jié)奏時(shí)代人們的需求，而且借助手機(jī)客戶(hù)端的優(yōu)勢(shì)，可以迅速傳播，微博獲得了巨大的成功。在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時(shí)代，逆向思維可以幫助我們實(shí)現(xiàn)創(chuàng)新。拿來(lái)主義有時(shí)候也是一種創(chuàng)新，如今科技的創(chuàng)新已經(jīng)越來(lái)越困難了，摩爾定律發(fā)展到今天也快到了盡頭。但是這并不意味著沒(méi)有了創(chuàng)新，這一點(diǎn)在現(xiàn)在的智能手機(jī)領(lǐng)域表現(xiàn)的尤為明顯。蘋(píng)果產(chǎn)品上的東西很多事收購(gòu)的，很多技術(shù)是用別人的，但這并不妨礙它成為手機(jī)業(yè)的霸主。并不是全部靠自己做才叫創(chuàng)新，手機(jī)，電腦，沒(méi)有哪個(gè)是一家公司能夠做出來(lái)的，很多時(shí)候需要依靠別人的技術(shù)，加上自己的東西。這往往表現(xiàn)在體驗(yàn)上的創(chuàng)新?，F(xiàn)在不是拼硬件的時(shí)候了，小米的雷軍曾說(shuō)過(guò)：不賺硬件的錢(qián)。那賣(mài)手機(jī)的不賺硬件的錢(qián)怎么賺錢(qián)啊？賺服務(wù)，軟件和衍生產(chǎn)品的錢(qián)。這需要良好的用戶(hù)體驗(yàn)來(lái)積累龐大的用戶(hù)群?，F(xiàn)在的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)盈利模式主要有三種：一、電子商務(wù)，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融；二、賺取廣告收益；三、增值服務(wù)，比如騰訊的Q幣，游戲的點(diǎn)卡；這無(wú)不需要龐大的用戶(hù)群，現(xiàn)在賺錢(qián)的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)公司，那個(gè)不是有著龐大的用戶(hù)群，所以現(xiàn)在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)創(chuàng)新首要的目的是要有用戶(hù)，這又回到了用戶(hù)體驗(yàn)上，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)創(chuàng)新不要想著怎么賺錢(qián)，要想著怎么為用戶(hù)服務(wù)，用戶(hù)多了自然有盈利模式。互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時(shí)代的創(chuàng)新，總結(jié)出來(lái)：最重要的是好的用戶(hù)體驗(yàn)，以用戶(hù)和市場(chǎng)為中心，把某個(gè)特點(diǎn)做到極致。要做到這些需要有敏銳的嗅覺(jué)有時(shí)候也要有逆向思維，去發(fā)現(xiàn)未來(lái)的趨勢(shì)或獨(dú)一無(wú)二的一點(diǎn)。畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）類(lèi)型：□畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)□畢業(yè)論文題目：淺談高職畢業(yè)生的自主創(chuàng)業(yè)Self-employmentofHigherVocationalCollegeGraduates學(xué)生姓名：專(zhuān)業(yè)：應(yīng)用英語(yǔ)(商務(wù))班級(jí)：學(xué)號(hào)：時(shí)間：20**年4月

Self-employmentofHigherVocationalCollegeGraduatesByCaiTengfeiUndertheSupervisionofZhuXiSubmittedinPartialFulfillmentoftheRequirementsFortheCertificateofGraduationForeignLanguageDepartmentNantongVocationalCollegeApril20**

AcknowledgementsUponthepointoffinishingthispaper,I’dliketoexpressmysincerethankstoallthosewhohavelentmehandsinthecourseofmywritingthispaper.Firstofall,Iwouldliketotakethisopportunitytoshowmysinceregratitudetomysupervisor,DearProfessorZhuXi,whohashelpedmethroughallthestagesofwritingthisthesis.Shehasgivenmesomuchusefuladvicesonmywriting,andhastriedherbesttoimprovemypaper.Thisthesiscouldnothavebeenfinishedwithoutherguidanceandencouragement.Secondly,I’dliketoexpressmygratitudetothoseteacherswhohavetaughtmeduringthoseyears.Withouttheirhelp,itwouldbemuchharderformetofinishmystudyandthispaper.Atlast,I’dliketothankmycollege,classmateandfriendsfortheirsupport.

淺談高職畢業(yè)生的自主創(chuàng)業(yè)摘要現(xiàn)代年輕人的生活節(jié)奏快，并且都有著迅速致富的想法。但是由于日益增長(zhǎng)的就業(yè)壓力，越來(lái)越多的高校畢業(yè)生很難找到工作。傳統(tǒng)的工作模式是按勞取酬，還要迎合上司，有時(shí)還要犧牲掉自己大把的業(yè)余時(shí)間，只為了能夠在工作領(lǐng)域嶄露頭角，攀得高峰，然而這種模式在當(dāng)今社會(huì)已經(jīng)不再適用。很多年輕人拋棄了傳統(tǒng)的工作模式而大膽嘗試為自己工作。他們開(kāi)始自己創(chuàng)業(yè)。他們有夢(mèng)想，愛(ài)挑戰(zhàn)，喜歡按照自己的方式去工作?，F(xiàn)如今越來(lái)越多的畢業(yè)生投入到創(chuàng)業(yè)這個(gè)行列中去。但是創(chuàng)業(yè)的道路也存在許多荊棘，例如資金問(wèn)題、團(tuán)隊(duì)問(wèn)題、地點(diǎn)選擇問(wèn)題等等。創(chuàng)業(yè)者往往對(duì)自己的選擇充滿(mǎn)了激情，卻總是缺少耐心。而且只有很少一部分的高校涉及相關(guān)方面的教學(xué)，所以創(chuàng)業(yè)者還有很多東西需要學(xué)習(xí)。本文從畢業(yè)生創(chuàng)業(yè)的現(xiàn)狀、障礙以及方法來(lái)探討創(chuàng)業(yè)前景。盡管此過(guò)程困難重重，但畢業(yè)生創(chuàng)業(yè)仍成為當(dāng)今不少年青人的選擇。他們想掌控自己的工作，自己的生活。為實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的夢(mèng)想，努力奮斗。關(guān)鍵字：自主創(chuàng)業(yè)、高職畢業(yè)生、創(chuàng)業(yè)前景

AbstractTherapideconomicgrowthandfast-pacedlifegiveriseleadyoungpeopletoget-rich-quicklythinking.Duetotheincreasingemploymentpressure,moreandmoregraduatescannotlandjobs.Thetraditionalwayofpayingyourdues,kissinguptotheboss，andsacrificingyearsofyouthinordertoclimbupthecorporateladderisnolongerappealingtoyoungpeople.Instead,youngpeopleleavethetraditionaljobintheofficeandventureouttoworkforthemselves.Theyaregoingtobuildtheirownbusiness,includingthosewhojustgraduatefromcollegeoruniversity.Theycherishtheirdreams,enjoychallenges,andliketodoeverythingintheirownway.Nowadays,moreandmoregraduatesplungeintothepioneeringwork.However,manyfailintheirfirststartups.Theyencountermanyproblemsandbarrierstheyhaveneverimagined,suchasfunds,team,place,marketandsoon.Theyarefullofpassion,butmostofthemlackperseverance.Inaddition,therearefewcollegesanduniversitiesinChinasetanycoursesrelatedtoself-employment.Graduateshavetoomanythingstolearnaftergraduation.Thispaperlooksintothepresentsituationofyounggraduates’startups,examiningtheobstaclesandchallengesofsettingupbusinesses,finally,exploresthepossiblemethodsandmeasuresforcollegegraduatestogetoverdifficultiesandachievegreatsuccess.Eventhoughtherearemanythornsahead,quiteanumberofyounggraduatesstillperceivestartingbusinesstobeagreatopportunitytoflytheirdreams.Theywanttotakecontroloftheirfate,theirwork,theirlife,andmaketheirdreamscometrue.Keywords:self-employment,collegegraduates,prospect

TableofContentsPageAcknowledgements…………..……..…...=1\*ROMANI摘要…………………………=2\*ROMANIIAbstract……….……………=3\*ROMANIIITableofContents………………………..………….Ⅳ=1\*ROMANI.Introduction1=2\*ROMANII.Self-employment22.1Self-employedbusiness…………….…………..22.2Self-employmentinChina22.3Advantagesofself-employment32.4Disadvantagesofself-employment4=3\*ROMANIII.Graduates’Self-employmentinChina53.1Moreon-lookers,lessdoers53.2Slimchanceofsuccess5=4\*ROMANIV.Analysisonthefailureofgraduates’startups64.1Lackofeducationonstartups64.2Lackofpatienceandinadequateexperience64.3Lackofentrepreneurshipenvironment7=5\*ROMANV.TheBasicStepsofGraduates’Self-employment75.1Completebusinessproposal75.2Identifyingthenichemarket81.Uniqueness82.Suitoneself93.Suittheenvironment95.3Location105.4Teambuilding11=6\*ROMANVI.TheProspectofGraduates’Self-employment12=7\*ROMANVII.Conclusion13References14南通職業(yè)大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）Self-employmentofHigherVocationalCollegeGraduates=1\*ROMANI.IntroductionAhighervocationalcollegegraduate,ZhangTing,wantedtohaveherownbusiness.Eventhoughshewascompetenttogetanumberofjobs,noneofthemwassatisfying.Soherparentshelpedheropenastore.AsZhangTinghasalittleknowledgeaboutbusiness,itishardforhertomanageherbusiness.Thoughsheworkedfromdawntonight,hershopdidn’tgetoff.Seeingherbusinesscontinuinglosingmoney,shedidn’tknowwhatwaswrongandhowtoturnherbusinessprofitable.[1]Withtherapiddevelopmentofsocietyandeconomy,manypeopledonotwanttoworkunderothers.Manyotheryoungpeoplechooseself-employmentbecauseofopportunity.Theyfindthatself-employmentgivesthemmorefreedomandflexibility,nottomentionthepotentiallybigfinancialrewardtheycouldget.Theywanttobetheirownboss,especiallythosewhojustgraduatefromcollegeoruniversity.Theyareambitioustofulfilltheirdream.Theythinktheyareyoungandcandowhatevertheywant.[2]Moreandmoregraduatesplungeintothepioneeringworkwhole-heartedly.Oneoftheimportantreasonsisthatthosegraduatesarefacingincreasingemploymentpressure.Thegovernmentandsocietyencourageyoungpeopletofindjobsontheirownorstarttheirownbusinesses.Graduatescanlearnmorewithwisdomandeffortsbyrunningtheirownbusiness.Thisisalsothebestwaytoactualizetheirvalue,makingmoneyasexpected.Somestudentsevenstartdoingbusinesswhentheyareatcollege,likesellinggoodsontheinternet.Establishingabusinessisaquickwaytoblendinsocietyandcreatewealth.Butforthosehighervocationalcollegegraduates,establishingandmanagingabusinessisnotequaltoinstantenthusiasmandimpulsivedecision.Theymustdoalotofpreparation.Manysuccessfulentrepreneurssaidthatcollegestudentsareopentonewthings.Theyarequicklearners.Buttheyarestilltooimmaturetoestablishthemselvesinsociety.Forlackofmarketexperience,thechanceofdoingbusinesswellisquiteslim.[3-4]Therefore,beforetheydothepositioning,theyshoulddomuchresearchaboutmarket.Theyshouldberealisticandcautiousabouttheiroptionsofbusinesstheywillgetinto.Whatistherightwayforcollegegraduatestomaketheirbusinessdreamcometrue?Whatissuesshouldtheypayattentionto?Howcantheybuildtheirownbusiness?Manyquestionspuzzleyounggraduateswhowanttostartupabusiness.=2\*ROMANII.Self-employmentSelf-employedbusinessSelf-employmentisworkingforone’sself.Self-employedpeoplecanalsobereferredtoasapersonwhoworksforhimself/herselfinsteadofanemployer,butdrawingincomefromatradeorbusinessthattheyoperatepersonally.Tobeself-employedisnotthesameasbeingabusinessowner.Abusinessownerisnotrequiredtobehands-onwiththeday-to-dayoperationsofhisorhercompany,whileaself-employedpersonhastoutilizeaveryhands-onapproachinothertosurvive.AccordingtheUSBureauofLaborStatistics,only44%ofbusinessessurvivethefirst4yearsinbusiness.Insomecountries,governmentsarecrackingdownondisguisedemployment,oftendescribedasthepretenseofacontractualintra-businessrelationshiptohidewhatisotherwiseasimpleemployer-employeerelationship.Self-employmentbecomesmoreandmorepeople’sgoal.Peopleformagroupandstartabusinessthroughteamefforts.Peoplewhowanttobeself-employedmusthaveenoughexperiences,knowledge,andtheinformationofthemarket.2.2Self-employmentinChinaApresidentsaidthekeytoastrongeconomyisthecreationofmoresmallbusiness.Butstatisticsshowthatmoststartupsaredoomedtofail.However,expertsagreethatwithplanningandhardworkanewcompanycanbeattheodds.TherearesomanysmallbusinessesinChinaandothercountries.Theyprovideabout80%ofallnewjobs.Anotherreasontheyarevaluedisbecausetheycaneventuallybecomemajorcorporationsemployingthousandsandinvestinginthecommunity.Mostsmallbusinessesstartoffthesameway,apersonwithadreamorsomethingelse.Sowhat'sthenextstep?Thereareprivateconsultants,governmentagenciesandeducationalinstitutionsjustwaitingtohearfromentrepreneurs.[5]Aftertheydealwiththeproblemsoffunds,place,relevantcertificates,anotherquestionfuturebusinessownersneedtoaskiswhethertheirfamilycansurvivetheordeal.Unlessyourspouseandchildrendon'tlikeyouverymuch,thelonghoursareboundtotakeatollonyourmarriageandrelationshipwithyourkids.BakeryownerLiHongsaysherhusbandhashelpedherfromtheplanningstagesforward.Buthertwoyoungdaughtersarestilladjustingtothedemandsoflifecenteringaroundsellingcakes,cookiesanddesserts.Chinesepeopleareusedtoobserveallrules.Theytendtobefollowersnottrailblazers.Iftheywanttobegintheirownbusiness,theyshouldbemoreenthusiastic.Advantagesofself-employment2.3.1.Incomesourcewon’tdependononepartyIfsomeoneworksforacompany,hisbosscouldfirehimandeliminatehisincomesource.Beingself-employedmeansthatnobodycanfireyou.2.3.2.IIfsomeonegotfiredfromhiswork,hisincomepracticallydroppedtozero.Thosewhoareself-employedwon’texperiencethat.Self-employedpeoplemightloseclients,butit’sunlikelythattheylosealloftheirclientsatonce.Ifsomethingbadhappened,itwouldn’tbedrastic.Insteadofhavingtheincomedroppedtozero,itwoulddropgraduallyandthereforegiveself-employedpeopletimetoworkonsomethingelse.2.3.3.Sinceself-employedpeopleworkontheirown,theyhavemorecontroloverthewaytheywork.Thisoftentranslatestosavingonwork-relatedexpensessuchastransportationcosts.2.3.4.MorecontrolovertimeInmostcases,self-employedpeoplecanarrangetheirownworktime.Thisflexibilitymeansthatitwillbeeasierforyoutoallocatetimeforotherthingsintheirlife.2.3.5.RewardismoreproportionaltotheeffortWhenpeopleareinacorporateenvironment,providingtwiceasmuchvaluedoesn’tnecessarilymeangettingtwiceasmuchreward.Butwhenpeopleworkontheirown,thatcanhappenmoreeasily.Theycontactwiththemarketdirectlysoanyextravaluetheyprovideismorelikelytoberewarded.2.3.6.TheInternetopensnewopportunitiesTheInternetallowspeopletodelivertheirvaluedirectlytothosewhoneeditwithoutanymiddleman.Inaddition,theInternethelpspeopleaggregatepotentialdemand.WithouttheInternet,itwillbedifficulttofindevenoneclientintheirlocalarea.ButthankstotheInternet,peoplenowhaveaccesstoagreatnumberofpotentialclients.Itmeansthattheirabilitytomakealivingfromthatspecificskillincreasesexponentially.Disadvantagesofself-employmentAshasbeenalreadypointedoutabove,therearemanybenefitsofself-employment,thedownsideofworkingforoneselfcannotbedownplayed.1.Self-employedpeoplehavetotakegreaterrisk.Theywilllikelybecompetingwithbigger,moreestablishedbusinesses.Thesebigbusinesseshavemoreresourcesandarebetterabletoofferagreatervarietyofservicesandbetterprices.2.Self-employedpeoplehavetoworklongerhours,comealongwithmanyextrajobsandtheeffortofbuildingabusiness.Theyhavetosacrificetheirfamilytimetowork.3.Self-employedpeopleshouldberesponsibleforanymistakestheymake.Somesmallmistakeswillcostbusinessownersalot.Self-employmentisnotallbad;ifitwere,farfewerpeoplewouldeventrytoworkforthemselves.Thosewithpersistence,intelligence,marketableskillsandanentrepreneurialspiritwillfindthattheadvantagesoutweighthedisadvantages.Self-employmentismorelikelytorewardthosewhoworkhardandhaveinnovativeideas.Thoughhoursarelongfortheself-employed,theyareflexibleenoughtomakepossibleattendanceatspecialfamilyevents.Perhapsthebestadvantageisthatthosewhoareself-employedgettomakealivingdoingsomethingtheyenjoy.=3\*ROMANIII．Graduates’Self-employmentinChina3.1Moreon-lookers,lessdoersTherearemanyvoicesofstartingbusiness.Thecentral,localgovernments,taxdepartmentandvariouscollegesanduniversitiesencourageself-employmentbyintroducingalotofpreferentialpoliciestograduateswhowanttostarttheirownbusiness.Thereportsshowtherearemoreonlookersthanparticipants.AuniversityinsouthChinahasdoneasurvey.Theyasked1400studentstodoquestionnaires.Andtheresultshowsthat74.57%ofstudentshavetheideaofbeingself-employed.Lessthan1%ofstudentsreallygetintoit.Thedatarevealthatthemajorityofstudentshavethedreamofbeingself-employed,buttheydon’tknowhowtofulfillit.3.2SlimchanceofsuccessEstablishingabusinessisnotaneasythingforgraduates.Itisknownthatgraduateshaveknowledgeandideas,buthowtoputthemintopracticeremainsagreatchallengetothem.Enthusiasmwithoutpatienceendsinnothing.Younggraduatesmayhavedreams,devotion,hardworkintheirownbusinessatthebeginning,butwhenbusinessgetsintotrouble,theymaylosetheirground,andgetlostastohowtoovercomeit.Ifapersonlosthispatienceanddevotioninsomething,hemayneverfinishit.Manygraduatesorstudentshavetransiententhusiasm.Onceaproblemcomesup,theirenthusiasticdieawaysoon.Peopleoverlookthefactthatrunningabusinessisalotdifferentthanworkinginabusiness.Theyhavealotmoretoconsideranddealwith.Anystepscanbethefactorswhichmakeonegiveuphisbusiness.=4\*ROMANIV.AnalysisontheFailureofGraduates’Startups4.1LackofeducationonstartupsAccordingtothesurvey,90%ofCollegesandUniversitiesinChinahaven’tsetanycourserelatedtostartup.Studentsareneithermentallynotphysicallypreparedfordoingstartups.Mostofthemdoitblindmindedlyaftergraduation.Theirchanceofsuccessisundoubtedlyslim.Thuscollegesshouldcultivatestudents’independenceandpioneeringspirit.Ifgraduateswanttodopioneeringwork,theyshouldsetuptheidealofbeingentrepreneuratcollege.Toachievethisideal,theyshouldworkhardatit.Collegesshouldopensometrainingcourseonstartups,preparingthemwithmoresocialandbusinesspractice,offeringthemasmanychances,sotheycancombineaspossibletoapplywhattheylearnintopractice.Havingbetterunderstandingofsocietyandsomeworkexperience,theycangraduallybuilduptheawarenessofdoingpioneeringwork.Next,collegesshouldcultivatestudents’strongmindtomeetchallengesandcopewithpressure.Readymindiscriticalforastudenttoestablishabusiness.Tostartabusinessisacreativeworkwhichcallsforhardwork,aswellasperseverance.What’smore,goodinterpersonalskillshelptobuildsocialconnectionwhichisthekeytosuccess.Finally,collegesshouldpreparestudentswithcomprehensiveknowledge.Studentsshouldknowmuchaboutmanagement,taxadministration,investmentorcompanylawandsoon.[6]4.2LackofpatienceandinadequateexperienceGraduateshavelittlemarketingandsocialexperience.ZhangTing,isatypicalexample.Thecollegeoruniversitystudentsspendtheirmostoftimestudyingorjoiningvariousactivities.Theythinktheyareyoungandtheyhaveenoughenergytotryeverything.Butenthusiasmdoesnotleadtosuccess.Mostofcollegestudentsthinkitisaneasythingaslongastheyhaveenoughmoney.Butwhentheyputitintopractice,problemscomeonebyone.Maybetheycanhandleoneortwo,butwhentheymeetthefourthorfifth,theywilllosepatience.Theygettoknowsocietyisnotwhattheythinkof.Sinceover80%ofallbusinessesfailwithinthefirstfiveyears,theoddsareagainstthembeforetheyevenbegin.Leavingtheirsecurejobandtakingthehugeriskontheirowncanbeverystressful,andwillputthemunderanenormousamountofpressure.Onlyafewpeoplewhohaveenoughpatienceandenoughexperiencecanmakeitcometrue.[7-8]4.3LackofentrepreneurshipenvironmentTheentrepreneurshipenvironmentreferstomoney,market,teamorotherelementsthatcontributetothesuccessofstartups.Theyshouldknowenoughabouttheirenvironment,andthemoretheyknowabouttheircustomers,theirproductsand

theirmarket,thebetterofftheywillbe.AccordingtoresearchconductedbyDun&Bradstreet,90%ofallsmallbusinessfailurescanbetracedtopoormanagementresultingfromlackofknowledgeandentrepreneurshipenvironment.=5\*ROMANV.TheBasicStepsofGraduates’Self-employment5.1Completebusinessproposal“Donotundertakeaprojectunlessyoucanimplementit.”Ifsomeonewantstomakesomething,heshouldmakeaplan.Theyshouldfirstdefinethetarget.Onlywhentheyknowwheretheywanttoarrive,theywillputtheireffortinit,andthenachievethegoal.Graduatesmustmakeacompleteandfeasiblebusinessproposal.Thatfeasibilityreportshouldidentifytheprojecttheywanttodo,howtomakemoneyandhowmuchmoneyitneedsandhowmuchitcanbringetc.Graduatesshouldmakealistoftaskindetail,anddefinethetimeframeforeachtask.[9]Thisisanindispensiblestepwhenpeopledecidetobuildtheirbusiness.Theyshouldtotallyunderstandthestepstheyaregoingtodo.Aftertheplan,theyshoulddoresearchonthemarket.Basedonthemarketresearch,makerightdecision.5.2IdentifyingthenichemarketItgoeswithoutsayingthatonlywhentheydecidedthemarketsegmentcantheystarttheirbusiness.Whatevertermtheychoose,thepointistheyhavetofindawaytomakeprofit.Forexample,ayoungmanwhoiscalledSunYizheng,hadbeentherichestmanforaweekintheworld.AfterhegraduatedfromtheuniversityintheUnitedStates,hewenttoJapan.Healsowantedtobuildhisownbusiness,andheselected50businesstargets.Hespentaboutoneyeardecidinghistarget.Hedidresearchonthosetargetsonebyoneandobtainedalotofdat.Atlast,hedecidedtodowithsoftware.Businessproposalisimportantforgraduatestostarttheirdreams.Theaboveexampleillustratesthesignificanceofsettingthetarget.Followingaresometipsforsettingtarget.1.UniquenessPeoplewhowanttostarttheirownbusinessshouldchooseabusinesswhichothershavenotdone.Iftheyfindanewbusinesswhichotherpeoplehaveneverseenbefore,theymaymakeagoodbeginning.Theircustomerswillhavemoreinterestsintheirproducts.Sotheyarewillingtospendmoneyontheirproductsorservice.Inturn,theycanmakemoremoney.Thestrongermeanstheyshoulddobetterandbetterthantheothers.Iftheydothesamebusinessasothers,theyshouldthinkabouttheirservice,qualityorbenefitsbroughttotheircustomers.Forexample,SamWaltonandhisbrotheropenedthefirstWal-MartdiscountstoreinasmalltownRogersin1962.ThereweremanybigstoreslikeWal-Mart,butwhycouldWal-Martbethetopof500corporationsintheworldcontinuing3years.Thatisbecausehedidstrongerthantheotherinsomeway.Itisabigstorethatsellseverythingfromappareltoautomotivesuppliestosmallappliancesatverylowprices.Wal-Martknowsitscustomerswellandtakesgoodcareofthemandprovidesthekindofservicethatkeepscustomerssatisfied.Asignreading“AtWal-Mart,ourgoalis:You’realwaysnextinline!”hangsprominentlyateachstore’sentrance.Besidelisteningtoandtakingcareoftheircustomers,Wal-Martalsotakesgoodcareoftheiremployees.Thoseareallthestrongerpointthantheothercompany.2.Suitoneself.Afamousenterpriseroncesaidthat“everyonelivesbysellingsomething.”Whentheychoosetheitemtheyshouldknowthemselvesaswellastherival.Theyshouldknowwhattheyaregoodat,includingtheirgoodness,interest,knowledge,characterandsoon.Competitionisthedrivingforceofsocialdevelopment.Onlywhentheychoosetheprojects,thataretotheiradvantage,oftheirinterest,andwithintheirprofession,cantheyworkclosetosuccess.Theyshouldchoosetheitemwhichtheyarefamiliarwith.Forexample,collegeuserecruiterstoattractnewstudent,hospitalsandmuseumsusefund-raiserstocontactdonorsandraisemoney.Onlywhentheylikeit,theyarefamiliarwithit,cantheymaketheirfulleffortinit.3.Suittheenvironment.Theenvironmentmeansmarketcondition,societyenvironment.Whentheychoosetheproject,theyshouldunderstandwhatthesocietyneed.Iftheproducttheyselldoesnotmeettheneedofcustomers,theywilllosealotofmoney.Forlackofsocialandbusinessexperience,graduatesaredifficulttocontrolthemselveswhentheyputthemselvesinthecommercialsociety.Atthattime,theycancreateasmallbusinessatmosphereforthemselves.Enteringtheindustryassociationisamoreefficientway.Thatisasmallsociety.Entrepreneurscanthroughtheindustryassociationgetmoreprofessioninformation,makefriendswiththoseindustrypartners,andestablishextensivecooperation.Ithasmoreinfluenceintheirindustryandbusiness.Atthesametime,entrepreneurscanchooseastartuphubwherecanprovideeffectivesupportingservice.Withthepreferentialpolicy,managementthroughfinanceandmarketingservice,entrepreneurscanmaketheirbusinessdevelopstable.Inaddition,entrepreneursstillcanlookforanexperiencedenterprisemanagementconsultanttobetheirconsultants.Theyshouldlearntousethevariousresourcesaroundthem,learntocooperatewithallkindsofpeople.Theyshouldbuildagoodbusinessatmosphereorenvironmentforthemselves.Itisalsoimportantforourgraduateswhowanttobuildtheownbusiness.5.3LocationChoosinganentrepreneuriallocationandentrepreneurialindustryisanimportantissue.Itisnecessaryforonetochooseanappropriateplacetobeginhisbusiness.Thiswilllethimsimplifyalotofformalitiesandsaveamountofexpenses.Hereisatypicalexample.MaYun,whocreatedthewebsitecalledAlibaba.HeleftBeijing,wherehehadbrilliantfoundation,andwentbacktoHangzhoutorestarthisbusiness.Manypeopledonotunderstandhim.SowhydidheleaveBeijingandgotoHangzhou,wheretherewaslessadvancedscienceandtechnology?Onthecontrary,DingLeibroughthisNetEasetoBeijingtostarthisbusiness.Onewentnorthandtheotherwentsouth.Theybothhadtheirownreason.WhatDingdidwaswebportals,whichneedpopularity,marketandenoughfunds.ButMadiddifferently,theelectroniccommerceplatformservesthosemedium-sizedandsmallenterprises.And10yearslater,itprovesthatMahaschosenarightplacetodevelophisbusiness.Thereforechoosingalocationisakeyissueinstartingabusiness.Inotherwords,havingagoodgeographicalpositiondoesn’tmeantheymayhaveasuccessfulbusiness.Butwithoutagoodlocation,abusinesswillneversucceed.Generally,choosingaplaceastheirbusinesspositionissomethingconnectedwiththeirbusinessfield.Forexample,iftheywanttoopenarestaurant,theyshouldthinkoverthesizeoftheirstores,floor,rent,equipment,andtheotherrestaurantsaroundthemandanyotherquestions.Iftherearesomesuperstoresorresidentialareasaroundthem,itmaybringthemalotofprofit.Butatthesametime,itwillcostthemmuchrent.Butforthosepeoplewhowilldotheirjobindoor,likewritingoronlinesales,theydon’tneedtochoosethepositionsoserious.Theycandealwiththeirjobevenathome,ifitisclosedtobankandstation.5.4TeambuildingIfpeoplewanttoachievesuccessintheirbusiness,theycannotdowithoutasplendidteam.Asuccessfulbusinessisnotcreatedbyoneman.Itisdonethroughteamefforts,whichinvolveharmony,ability,ideasandtrust.Buildingabusinessisalong-termprocess,whichneedstalentsinvariousfields.Onecannotdoeverythingwhileagoodteamcanachieveit.1.Teammembersshouldbetrusted.Theyalljustentersociety.Theymayfindtheiracquaintanceasteammates.Everythingshouldbetreatedseriouswhentheyjuststarttheirbusiness.2.Teammembersshouldcomplementeachother.Nobodyisperfect.Maybesomearenotgoodatonepoint,butexcelinother.Theyshouldlearnfromtheother’sstrongpointtooffsetourweakness.Theycantakeadvantageofothers’strongpoints,andalsotolerateweaknessatthesametime.3.Teammembersshouldcommunicatewitheachotherunobstructed.Theysharethesameinterestandsamedream.Theyshouldgetalongwitheachother.Afterall,buildingabusinessisabigthingintheirlife.4.Teammembersshouldknoweveryonehasresponsibilitytothisterm.Theymaymakesomeormoremistakesinthisprocess.Butthatisnotsomeone’sfault,andwecannotdenysomeonebecauseofhismistake.Thequestionisthatcaneveryonebewillingtoundertaketheresponsibilitytogether.Theyneedth