Unit3TheInternetGrammarByEllenpresent(now)futurepast過(guò)去的動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響ThePresentPerfectTenseIhavelivedinChinafor5years.我在中國(guó)住了5年。（從5年前到現(xiàn)在，現(xiàn)在還在中國(guó)）I

livedin

Chinafor5years.我在中國(guó)住了5年。（過(guò)去住在中國(guó)，現(xiàn)在不在中國(guó)）過(guò)去的動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響Someone

hasbroken

thewindow.(窗戶現(xiàn)在是壞的)Ihavealreadylost

thekey.(我現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有鑰匙)I

haven'tread

thebookyet.(不了解書(shū)的內(nèi)容)肯定式：S+have/has+V-過(guò)去分詞(done)否定式：S+have/has+not+V-過(guò)去分詞...一般問(wèn)句：Have/Has+S+V-過(guò)去分詞...特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+have/has+S+V-過(guò)去分詞...現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)“三變”例：Theyhavealreadysolvedtheproblem.原句主語(yǔ)by的賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)

謂語(yǔ)由主動(dòng)被動(dòng)“三不變”原句意思不變?cè)鋾r(shí)態(tài)不變?cè)渲髦^賓以外成分不變Theproblem________________________bythem.hasaalreadybeensolved被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)肯定式：S+have/hasbeendone...否定式：S+have/hasnotbeendone...一般問(wèn)句：Have/Has+S+beendone特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+have/has+S+beendone現(xiàn)在完成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)練習(xí)Tomhasinvitedthesingeralready.Thesingerhasbeeninvited(byTom)already.Thesingerhasnotbeeninvited(byTom)yet.Hasthesingerbeeninvited(byTom)yet?Whohasbeeninvited(byTom)?

被動(dòng)否定一般疑問(wèn)對(duì)賓語(yǔ)提問(wèn)[即時(shí)演練1]——用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)改寫(xiě)句子(1)Jack'sbosshasalwayspraisedhimforhisdevotiontowork.→Jack________________________byhisbossforhisdevotiontowork.(2)Theyhavefoundagoodplacetobuildatempleinthevillage.→Agoodplace____________________bythemtobuildatempleinthevillage.(3)Wehaven'tyetdecidedhowtosolvethatdifficulttechnologicalproblem.→Howtosolvethatdifficulttechnologicalproblem____________________byusyet.hasalwaysbeenpraised

hasbeenfound

hasn'tbeendecided三、用法1．表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作在說(shuō)話之前已經(jīng)完成，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，通常與already、yet、never、recently等副詞及時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)sofar、bynow、uptill/tonow、since等連用?！鬞hedatabasehasalreadybeenupdated.數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)已經(jīng)被更新了。(現(xiàn)在可以使用新的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)了)2．表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過(guò)去開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去，常與for或since等引出的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(從句)連用，或用于howlong引出的句子中。◆Themachine

hasbeenrepairedfor

twohours.這臺(tái)機(jī)器已經(jīng)被修了兩個(gè)小時(shí)了。(可能還會(huì)繼續(xù)被修)3．用在條件、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，表示從句動(dòng)作先于主句動(dòng)作完成?！鬥oushouldn'tleaveschoolbeforeyourhomework

hasbeenfinished.在你的作業(yè)沒(méi)完成之前你不應(yīng)該離開(kāi)學(xué)校。Tallbuildings__________________(build)everywhere.havebeenbuiltShoppingcenters___(rebuild).havebeenrebuiltMorethan50newfactories__(setup)toimproveeconomiessofar.havebeensetupTheroad___________________(widen).hasbeenwidenedMoredustbins

___

(place)onthestreets.havebeenplacedMoreandmoretreesandflowers

_____(plant)ontheeithersideoftheroads.havebeenplanted注意事項(xiàng)1.不及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如：rise,happen,takeplace,breakout,comeabout,survive,remaind,last,die,disappear,end,fail,belongto,consistof...Eg：Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometownrecently.Eg:Afterthetrafficaccident,noonesurvivedexceptapersonwhowasbadlyinjured.注意事項(xiàng)2.一般說(shuō)來(lái)，只有及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，但許多“不及物動(dòng)詞+副詞或介詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，也可以有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，但變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后，不可把介詞或副詞漏掉,eg:laughat,listento,lookafter,takecareof,thinkof,talkabout,handin,catchsightof,makeuseof,payattentionto,turnon…Eg.:Mysisterwillbetakencareofbygrandma.

Thepatientisbeingoperatedonnow.

Heturnedontheradiojustnow.Theradiowasturnedonbyhimjustnow.[即時(shí)演練2]——單句語(yǔ)法填空/補(bǔ)全句子(1)Greatchanges_______________(take)placeinmyhometownandyoucanseethatalotoffactories__________________(set)up.(2)Someefforts_______________(make)toimprovetheairqualityinthecitylastwinter.(3)Overthepastthreeyears,thepaintings_______________(take)tomorethan20museumsintheworld.havetakenhavebeensetweremadehavebeentaken

(4)Forcenturies,theancientlanguage_______________________(pass)onfromonegenerationtoanother.(5)Thepatient___________________________(被照顧得很好)eversincehecametoourhospital.hasbeenpassedhasbeentakengoodcareofⅡ.語(yǔ)法與寫(xiě)作1．自從他來(lái)幫我，我在學(xué)業(yè)方面已經(jīng)取得了巨大進(jìn)步。Greatprogress

______________________________since

hecametomyhelp.2．這是我第一次受到同學(xué)們的取笑。ItisthefirsttimethatI______________________________________．3．迄今為止，已經(jīng)采取了有效措施來(lái)保護(hù)瀕危動(dòng)物免遭滅絕。Sofar，effectivemeasures__________________________________________________________．hasbeenmadeinmystudies

havebeenmadefunofbymyclassmateshavebeenmadetoprotectendangeredcreaturesfromdyingout4．雖然我們不知道討論了什么，但是我們可以感覺(jué)到主題已經(jīng)被改變了。Thoughwedon'tknowwhatwasdiscussed,wecanfeelthetopic________________yet.5．空氣、噪音和水污染已經(jīng)極大地影響了人們的健康。People'shealth___________________________byair,noiseandwaterpollution.hasbeenchanged

hasbeengreatlyaffected

Ⅲ.用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空LiMing：Hi，LinTao.Hownicetoseeyouonthefirstdayofthenewterm!LinTao：Yes.Nicetoseeyouagain!LiMing：Iknowthatyourparents1.____________________(work)inYushuforyears.Canyoutellmesomethingthereaftertheearthquake?havebeenworkingLinTao：Ofcourse.Sincetheearthquake2.______________(happen)，manysoldiers3.______________(send)there,andmanykindsofsupplies(物資供應(yīng))4.__________________(carry)therefromalloverthecountry.Now,mostpeoplethere5.________________(live)ahappylifeagain.happenedhavebeensenthavebeencarriedlive/arelivingLiMing：Howabouttheschoolsthere?LinTao：Severalnewschools6.______________(set)upandalsosomeschoolswhich7._______________(damage)intheearthquake8.________________(rebuild)．Soallthestudentscangobacktoschooltostudynow.LiMing：That'swonderful.I'msuretheirlifewillbebetterandbetter.Whenwillyourparentscomeback?LinTao：Theywillbebacknextmonth.havebeensetweredamagedhavebeenrebuiltChangethesentencesintotheprese