Unit6Period1Startingout&Understandingideas課堂學(xué)習(xí)Lookatthepicturesandanswerthequestions.1Whatdoeseachpictureshow?2Whatdifficultieswouldpeoplehavesurvivinginthesesituations?1Startingout1Whatdoeseachpictureshow?2Whatdifficultieswouldpeoplehavesurvivinginthesesituations?Thefirstpictureshowsthatanearthquakehashappened.Theroadiscutoff.Thesecondpicturetellsusthatadiseasehasbrokenoutandisprobablyspreading.Inthethirdpicture,wecanseeashipsinking.Thefourthpictureshowsusadensejungle.Inthefifthpicture,wecanseeanastronautinspace.Thesixthpictureshowsusaseveredrought.2)Peoplemayfacedifficultiessuchasquarantine,shortageofhospitalservicesandpanic-buyingofessentialmedicines,foodandothersupplies.Theremaybemisinformationandpanic.3)Peoplewhoareunabletoescapetheshiponalifeboatfacetheimmediatedangersofdrowningorofdyingfromexposure.Thosewhodoescapeonalifeboatneedtorationtheirfoodandwater,andhopeforrescueassoonaspossible.4)Peoplewouldfinditdifficulttotravelandnavigate.Itwouldalsobedifficulttofindfoodandwater.Wildanimalsandvenomousinsectsarealsopotentialproblems.5)Spaceisanextremeenvironmentforhumanbeings.Theyfacedangerfromextremetemperatures,lowpressuresandradiation.Theymustcarryeverythingtheyneedwiththem,evenair.Thelackofgravitymakessimpleactionssuchaseating,drinking,movingandevensleepingdifficult.Anyonewhospendstoolonginazero-gravityenvironmentriskslosingboneandmusclemass.6)Withoutwater,peopleandlivestockfacedeathwithinashortperiodoftime.Inadditiontowatershortages,droughtcausescropfailure,sopeoplewouldfacefoodshortagesaswell.Thiscouldaffectpeoplewhodonotliveinthedrought-affectedarea.Severefoodshortagescancausefamine,migration,collapseofsocialorderandwar.Watchthevideoandanswerthequestions.21Wheredothepeopleinthevideolive?ThepeopleinthevideoliveinAntarctica.PeoplelivinginAntarcticfacealotofdifficulties.1)Theyhavetoendureextremeweatherincludingfreezingtemperatures,fiercewindsandstrongblizzards.Whentheygooutsidethestations,theywearspecialclothesforprotection.Asweathercanchangefromcalmtowhite-outinminutes,peoplehavetotakeaspecialsurvivalbagincasetheyaretrappedoutsideovernight.2)Oneofthemostdifficultthingsisthelongdaysandnights.Theymaycauseissueswiththescientists’

bodyclocks.Thedarknessalsomakesoutdoorresearchimpossible.3)Itisalmostimpossibletogrowfreshproducetherebecauseoftheextremeconditions,andmostfoodisimported.Itisdifficultforscientiststohaveavarieddiet,andtheycan’tgetenoughfreshfruitandvegetables.4)Theyhavetofacepsychologicalproblems.Tokeepthescientistspsychologicallyhealthy,researchstationsofferactivitiesandentertainmentincludinglivemusicandlectures.3Whatpartofthelifetherewouldbemostchallengingforyou?Why?1Lookatthepicturesandanswerthequestions.Understandingideasfoxleopardbearracoonchacmababoonhedgehog1Wherewouldyounormallyexpecttofindtheseanimals?2Wouldyoubesurprisedtoseetheseanimalsinacity?Whyorwhynot?3Whatproblemscouldtheyencounterincities?1Wherewouldyounormallyexpecttofindtheseanimals?2Wouldyoubesurprisedtoseetheseanimalsinacity?Whyorwhynot?3Whatproblemscouldtheyencounterincities?Inthewild.Yes.Becausetheyarenormallyinthewild,andtheyaresometimesdangerousforhumans.It’salsodifficultforthemtofindsheltersandfoodinthecities.Theymayhavedifficultyfindingfood,shelterandmates.Ifpeoplefindthem,theymaybetrappedorkilled.2Lookatthetitleofthepassageandthepicture.Thinkaboutwhatthetitlemeans.PredictingNowreadthepassageandcheckyouranswer.5___________________________________________________________

Unabletodistinguishbetweenblueskyandglass,birdscrashintowindowsatspeedsofabout50kilometresperhour.Recentstudiesestimatethatbetween400millionandlbillionbirdsdiefromwindowimpactseachyearintheUSalone.Shockingly,thesedeathsamounttoaroundtenpercentofthetotalUSbirdpopulation.Somespeciesaremoreaffectedthanothers.Onetheorybehindthisisthatthesebirdshaveyettochangetheirmigratoryroutesthattakethemthroughcitieswithhigh-risebuildings.6

Howevertheyadapttoourwaysofurbanliving,it'simportantthatwegetabetterunderstandingofandevenlearntoappreciateourwildneighbours.Onlythencanwelooktowardsharmoniouslysharingoururbanhabitats.Whateverthereasonsbehindthesespeciesenteringourcities,onethingisforsure-asit'softenameansoftheirsurvival,theycouldbewithustostay.Readthepassageandfindoutwhatthetitlemeans.Thetitlemeansthewildanimalswithinthecities.Skimming3ScanningaOnethingcrucialtotheincreasingnumberof“urbananimals”istheirabilitytoadapt.bPeopleoftenwonderaboutthereasonsbehindthismassurbanmigration.cForthoseanimalsthatdon'tadapt,thecitycanbeadangerousorevendeadlyplace.dYet,foritsnewestandwildestinhabitants,acitycanoffermanybenefits.Para.2—bPara.3—dPara.4—aPara.5—cReadthepassagequicklyandworkoutitsstructureandcontent.Part1Para.1PresentthephenomenonthatmoreandmorewildanimalsareenteringcitiesPart2Para.2-Para.5AnalysethephenomenonPara.2ReasonsformigrationPara.3BenefitsofcitiesforanimalsPara.4Animals'adaptiontocitiesPara.5DangersforsomeanimalsPart3Para.6Drawaconclusionthatweshouldlearntoappreciatewildanimalsandharmoniouslysharingoururbanhabitats.Carefulreading4MoreandmorewildanimalsareenteringcitiesReasonsformigration:?Urbandevelopmentandclimatechangepushtheanimals1_____________?2_________________________________________Benefitsofcitiesforanimals:?Appealingspacesashabitats.?3_________________________________________?4_________________________________________Animals’adaptiontocities:?Urbananimalsaremore5_______________________________________?6___________________________________________________________Dangersforsomeanimals:?7__________________________________________________?8__________________________________________________Weshouldlearntobetterunderstandandappreciateourwildneighbours,and9___________________________________________Nowthinkaboutwhatpeoplecandotoachieveabalancebetweentheneedforurbandevelopmentandtheprotectionofwildanimals.1Howwouldyoudescribetherelationshipbetweenpeopleandurbananimalsinthepassage?2Whatfigureofspeechisusedinthefirstparagraph?Whydoestheauthorchoosetostartthepassagethisway?3Someenvironmentalistsarguethatweshouldrestricturbandevelopmenttoleaveenoughnaturalhabitatsforwildanimals.Doyouagreewiththis?Giveyourreasons.Think&Share1Howwouldyoudescribetherelationshipbetweenpeopleandurbananimalsinthepassage?2Whatfigureofspeechisusedinthefirstparagraph?Whydoestheauthorchoosetostartthepassagethisway?3Someenvironmentalistsarguethatweshouldrestricturbandevelopmenttoleaveenoughnaturalhabitatsforwildanimals.Doyouagreewiththis?Giveyourreasons.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorusespersonificationtodescribewhaturbananimalsaredoing,withtheaimofattractingreaders’attention.Animalshavenochoicebuttolivewithus.Wehumansshouldlearntounderstandthem,appreciatethemandlivewithharmoniously.Yes,Iagreewiththisopinion.Withtheaccelerationofhumanurbanization,moreandmoreanimals'habitatshavebeendestroyedorinvaded.Thishasdeprivedtheanimalsoftheirhomesandfood.Theyhavenowheretogoandfacethreatstotheirsurvival.Therefore,humanbeingsshouldslowdownthespeedofurbanization.Languagepoints(3)greedyadj.貪婪的，貪心的；渴望的begreedyfor對(duì)……渴望/貪婪begreedytodo...渴望做……Itisgreedyofsb.todo...某人做……真貪婪。greedn.貪心；貪婪；貪欲greedilyadv.貪婪地(4)hesitatevi.（對(duì)某事）猶豫，遲疑不決；顧慮，疑慮hesitatetodosth.對(duì)做某事有顧慮hesitateover/aboutsth.對(duì)某事猶豫不決withouthesitation毫不猶豫5.Mostofuswouldassumethaturbandevelopmentandclimatechangeare

responsibleforpushingtheanimalsoutoftheirnaturalhabitats.

我們大多數(shù)人會(huì)認(rèn)為，城市發(fā)展和氣候變化是造成這些動(dòng)物離開其

自然棲息地的原因。

that引導(dǎo)賓語從句。6.Howevertruethisis,wealsoneedtoconsiderthatsomeoftheseso-called“urbananimals”havenevermovedatall-it'swehumanswhohavemovedintotheirterritory.無論事實(shí)如何，我們必須得明白，在這些所謂的“城市動(dòng)物”中，有一些根本就沒有遷徙過——是我們?nèi)祟惏岬搅怂鼈兊念I(lǐng)地里。

(1)However引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。

(2)“it...territory”為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，強(qiáng)調(diào)主語wehumans。7.Wherevertheygo,animalsfindtownsandcitiesintheirway.動(dòng)物不論走到哪里，都發(fā)現(xiàn)有城鎮(zhèn)攔路。Wherever引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。8.Withnowhereelsetomaketheirhomes,theyhavenochoicebuttomoveinwithus.既然沒有別處可以安家，它們別無選擇，只好搬來和我們一起住。

(1)“With...homes”為“with+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，此處是動(dòng)詞不定式短語作賓語補(bǔ)足語。

(2)havenochoice/alternativebuttodosth.除了做某事之外別無選擇donothingbutdosth.只是做某事havenothingtodobutdosth.無事可做，只有做某事thereisnothingtodobutdosth.無事可做，只有做某事11.What'smore,hungryanimalsarefindingplentytoeatinourgardensandintheleftoverswethrowaway.

而且，饑餓的動(dòng)物們從我們的花園里和我們?nèi)拥舻睦姓覍さ酱罅康氖澄铩?/p>

本句為主從復(fù)合句。What'smore為插入語；toeat為動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語，修飾plenty；wethrowaway為省略關(guān)系詞that/which的定語從句，修飾先行詞leftovers。12.Thereisevidencethaturbanracoonsaremoreintelligentthantheirwildcousins,as

theyfrequentlyhavetofigureoutdifficultproblemssuchashowtoopenrubbishbinsandothercontainerswhichtheywouldnotfindinthewild.有證據(jù)顯示，和野生的浣熊相比，城市里的浣熊更聰明，因?yàn)樗鼈儠r(shí)常要想辦法解決難題，比如怎么打開垃圾桶以及其他它們?cè)谝巴獠粫?huì)見到的容器。

本句為主從復(fù)合句?！皌hat...cousins”為that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句，解釋說明evidence；“as...inthewild”為as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句，其中包含一個(gè)which引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞othercontainers。15.Theircitylocationalsomeansthattheyaregettingatasteforthemulticulturalcuisineonofferfromthegarbage,suchashamburgers,lambkebabsandevengarlicbread!

城市的位置也意味著，它們可以吃到來自垃圾里的多元文化的菜肴，比如漢堡包、烤羊肉串甚至蒜蓉面包!

that引導(dǎo)賓語從句。16.Recentstudiesestimatethatbetween400millionandlbillionbirdsdiefromwindowimpactseachyearintheUSalone.近期研究估計(jì)，僅在美國，每年就有4億到10億只鳥因撞向窗戶而亡。

that引導(dǎo)賓語從句。17.Shockingly,thesedeathsamounttoaroundtenpercentofthetotalUSbirdpopulation.令人震驚的是，這一死亡數(shù)量約占全美鳥類總量的10%。

amountvi.達(dá)到（某數(shù)量）；合計(jì)n.[C.U]數(shù)量，數(shù)額amountto（數(shù)量上）達(dá)到，總計(jì)；等于，相當(dāng)于alarge/huge/smallamountof大量/少量的……large/huge/smallamountsof大量/少量的……

特別提示：amountsof/anamountof尤與不可數(shù)名詞連用。作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與amount的數(shù)保持一致。

e.g.Largeamountsofmoneywerespentonbuildingthebridge.大量的資金用于建造這座橋。There'sonlyasmallamountoffood.只有一點(diǎn)兒食物。18.Onetheorybehindthisisthatthesebirdshaveyettochangetheirmigratoryroutesthattakethemthroughcitieswithhigh-risebuildings.一種理論認(rèn)為，這些鳥類的遷徙路線讓它們穿過這些有高樓大廈的城市，而它們還沒有調(diào)整路線。

第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)表語從句；第二個(gè)that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾theirmigratoryroutes。19.Howevertheyadapttoourwaysofurbanliving,it'simportantthatwegetabetterunderstandingofandevenlearntoappreciateourwildneighbours.不論它們?nèi)绾芜m應(yīng)我們的城市生活，更好地理解甚至學(xué)會(huì)欣賞我們的野生鄰居是非常重要的。

(1)However引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句；it作形式主語，that引導(dǎo)的主語從句作真正的主語。(2)appreciatev.欣賞；賞識(shí)；感激（不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)）appreciate(one's)doingsth.感激（某人）做某事Iwouldappreciateitif...如果……我將不勝感激20.Onlythencanwe

looktowardsharmoniouslysharingoururbanhabitats.只有那時(shí)，我們才能展望與它們和諧分享城市棲息地的未來。

(1)only放在句首修飾狀語時(shí)，主句采用部分倒裝的形式。如果only后接的不是狀語，而是主語，主句可以不用倒裝。

e.g.Onlythosewhohadbookedonlinewereallowedin.

只有那些在網(wǎng)上訂了票的人可以進(jìn)去。如果only后接的是賓語，主句可以倒裝，也可以不倒裝。

e.g.Onlyhismotherhewillob