Whatisacliché?cliché是什么？

Herearesomeexamplesoffamiliarclichédexpressions:下面是兩例常見的老套表達：—We’restillassickasaparrotabouttheresult.—Whenit’sallsaidanddone,attheendoftheday,IcansayImadeadifferenceintheworld.Thefirstcomesfromanewspaper,thesecondfromthetranscriptofatelevisionnewsprogramme.第一個例子來自一份報紙，第二個來自電視新聞節(jié)目的文本。

Clichésarewordsandphrasesthathavebeenusedsooftenthatthey’renolongerveryinterestingoreffective.Theymayhavestartedoutasacolourful,inventivephrase,likeassickasaparrot,butthey’vebeenpickedupandusedsowidelyandindiscriminatelythatthey’velosttheirimpactandbecomestale.clichés指由于過分使用而不再有趣或有效果的詞匯和短語。它們最初可能是富有創(chuàng)意、引人入勝的短語，比如assickasaparrot，但被過于廣泛、隨意地使用，以至失去影響力，變了味兒。

Clichésarepartofoureverydayspeech—weoftendon’trealizethatwe’reusingthem.Theyalsooccurespeciallyfrequentlyincertaintypesofwriting(suchasjournalism)orareasofactivity(suchassport,business,orpolitics),asdemonstratedbythetwoexamplesabove.clichés是我們?nèi)粘Ｑ哉Z的一部分——我們常常沒有意識到正在使用它們。正如上述兩例所示，這些表達還尤其頻繁地出現(xiàn)在某些類型的寫作（如新聞報道）或活動領(lǐng)域（如體育、商業(yè)或政治）中。

What’swrongwithusingclichés?使用clichés有什么不妥？

Whenyou’rewritingonamoreformallevel,it’sbettertotrytoavoidusingclichés.Theytendtoannoypeople,especiallyifthey’reoverused,andtheymayevencreateanimpressionoflazinessoralackofcarefulthought.Somepeoplejusttuneoutwhentheyhearaclichéandsotheymaymissthepointthatyou’retryingtomake.在撰寫較為正式的文章時，最好避免使用陳詞濫調(diào)。它們往往會惹惱人，尤其是一些詞匯過度使用甚至會給人留下懶惰或不經(jīng)認真思考的印象。有些人會自動屏蔽那些陳詞濫調(diào)，因此可能錯過你想表達的觀點。

Here’salistofsomecommonclichéstolookoutforandavoid:以下是一些常見的clichés，供參考并盡量避免：attheendoftheday最終，到頭來backontrack重回正軌thefactofthematter實際情況fewandfarbetween寥寥無幾alevelplayingfield公平競爭的環(huán)境inthisdayandage在這個時代toallintentsandpurposes達到所有目的whenall’ssaidanddone當塵埃落定inthefinalanalysis歸根到底comefullcircle周而復始parforthecourse意料之中thinkoutsidethebox跳出框框思考avoidsomeoneorsomethingliketheplague像避開瘟疫般避開某人或某事inthecurrentclimate在目前環(huán)境下massexodus大舉遷徙atthismomentintime此時此刻thepathofleastresistance最小阻力路徑abaptismoffire一次火的洗禮，嚴峻考驗inanyway,shape,orform在任何情況下fitforpurpose量身定制，有的放矢

Actionpoints行動要點

Onceyou’vespottedaclichéinyourwriting,youneedtorephraseyoursentence.在寫作中一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)cliché，就需要重新措詞。

Herearesometipsandstrategiestohelpyoudothis.以下是一些提示和應對策略，希望有所幫助。01Thinkaboutwhattheclichéactuallymeans想想這個cliché到底是什么意思

Thinkaboutthebasicsenseoftheexpression:whatdoesitactuallymean?You’llprobablyfindthatsomekeywordscometomindeitherassynonymsoras‘ingredients’oftheoverallmeaning.Nowyoucan:想想這個表達的基本含義：到底是什么意思？你很可能會想到一些關(guān)鍵詞，要么是同義詞，要么是整體意思的“一部分”。現(xiàn)在你可以：—useoneofthesekeywordstoreplacetheclichéaltogether——從想到的關(guān)鍵詞中選一個完全替換cliché—lookthemupinathesaurustofindotheralternatives——在同義詞詞典中查找其他替換詞

Ifyoufinditdifficulttocomeupwiththebasicmeaning,trylookingtheclichéupinadictionary.Thenyoucanusethewordsinthedictionarydefinitionasastartingpointforfindingsuitablesynonymsinathesaurus.如果覺得很難總結(jié)出基本意思，那就在詞典中查查這個cliché。然后以詞典定義為基礎(chǔ)，在同義詞詞典中查找合適的替換詞。02Decidewhetheryouactuallyneedtheexpressionatall想想是否真的需要這個表達

Quitealotofclichésarejustlong-winded‘fillers’,i.e.wordsorgroupsofwordsusedjusttomaintaintheflowofspeech,ortopadoutaspeechorpieceofwriting.Ifyouidentifyaclichédexpressionofthissort,youcanjustremoveitaltogether.Wordy,overusedphrasesmightincreasethelengthofapieceofwritingbuttheywon’timproveitsgeneralquality.很多cliché只是長篇大論中的“填充劑”，比如使用一些單詞或詞組只是為了保持演講的流暢性，或是為了襯托某個演講或某篇文章。如果認定這個表達屬此類情況，那就可以整個刪除。過度使用的冗長短語會增加文章篇幅，卻不會提高文章整體質(zhì)量。03Rewriteyoursentence改寫句子

Herearesomeexamplesofhowyoumightgoaboutreplacingclichésinyourwriting.Firstyou’llseeasentencecontainingacliché(inbold).Thesecondcolumngivesitsmeaning,withkeywordshighlightedinbold,thethirdgivessomesuggestionsforhowtotakeaction,andinthefinalcolumntheoriginalsentenceisrewrittenwithoutthecliché.以下是一些在寫作中如何替換cliché的例子。第一欄，含有某個cliché（粗體）的句子；第二欄，分析其含義，給出粗體關(guān)鍵字；第三欄，提出操作建議；最后一欄，原句被改寫，消除了cliché。

ORIGINALSENTENCEMEANINGORKEYWORDSSUGGESTIONSFORACTIONREWRITTENSENTENCEInthisdayandage,websitesareoneofthemostsignificantpublic

facesofanyorganization.nowadays,todayuseoneofthekeywordsinstead,orlookthemupinathesaurusToday,websitesareoneofthemostsignificant

publicfacesofanyorganization.Hisfirstjob,inanindustrialareaoftheUK,

provedtobe

abaptismoffire.a

difficultintroduction

toanewjoboractivityusethekeywordsorfindsynonymsinathesaurusHisfirstjob,inanindustrialareaoftheUK,

provedtobeadifficultstarttohiscareer.Thelong-termprospectsfortheserviceare

lookingfairlybleak

atthismomentintime.nowusethekeywordorlookupanalternativeThelong-termprospectsfortheserviceare

currentlylookingfairlybleak.Attheendoftheday,itistheministerhimselfwhohastomakethe

decision.finally,ultimatelyuseoneofthekeywordsorlookupalternativesUltimately,itistheministerhimselfwhohastomakethedecision.Theauthoritiesannouncedthattheywouldnot

toleratedrugswithinthesport

inanyway,shape,orform.underanycircumstancesmainlyusedforemphasisandcanbeomittedwithoutchangingthemeaningTheauthoritiesannouncedthattheywouldnottoleratedrugswithinthesport.Intheclosingscene,thefilm

comesfull

circle.returntoapreviouspositionorsituationrewordalongthelinesofthemeaningIntheclosingscenes,thefilmreturnstothe

ideaswithwhichitbegan.The1970swereatimewhendetentionwithouttrialwas

parforthecourse.whatis

normal

orexpectedinacertainsituationrewordalongthelinesofthemeaning,usethekeyword,orlookupsynonymsforitThe1970swereatimewhendetentionwithouttrialwasanormaloccurrence.Children’sservicesinthecity’shospitalswerenot

fitforpurpose,accordingtothereport.meet

the

requiredstandardsrewordusingthemeaninggiven,orfindsynonymsforthekeywordsChildren’sservicesinthecity’shospitalswere

notmeetingtherequiredstandards,accordingtothereport.Thecompanyconsidersthatthisrequirement

is,

toallintentsandpurposes,impossibletoachieve.inallimportantrespectsmainlyusedforemphasisandcanoftenbeomittedThecompanyconsidersthatthisrequirementis

impossibletoachieve