PAGEPAGE8PAGEPAGE72023年下半年教師資格筆試高中英語密押卷三一、單項選擇題（30260分）在每小題列出的四個備選項中選擇一個最佳答案。Mr.Obama,whoappearedtotaketheleadintheraceinmostbattlegroundstates,seemedtoadoptan ofcautionthroughoutthefirstPresidentialdebate.accent B.ability C.atmosphere D.air—Juliasaidshesentyouabirthdaycardyesterday.Haveyougotit?Oh,really!Ihaven’t mymailboxyet.examined B.reviewed C.tested D.checked—Youknowquitealotaboutthenewmovie.ittoroduces B.introduced C.hadintroduced D.willintroduce—Whendidyougotobedlastnight?Ididn’tgotobed myfathergothome.while B.after C.when D.untilByboatistheonlywaytogethere,whichis wearrived.where B.when C.why D.howIt’sapitythatherhusband todealwiththisprobleminsuchastupidway.attempts B.shouldattempt C.attempted D.couldattempt“ShanghaiissmallerthanJinannow.”Whatkindoffunctiondoesthissentenceexpress?EmotiveFunction B.PhaticFunctionC.InterpersonalFunction D.InformativefunctionWhichofthefollowingwordhasadifferentstresspatternfromtherest?decide B.design C.feature D.confirmOfthethreespeechact,linguisticsaremostinterestedinthe .locutionaryact B.perlocutionaryactC.illocutionaryact D.noneoftheabove aimstodiscoverhowspeechsoundsinalanguageformpatternsandhowthesesoundsareusedtoconveymeaninginlinguisticcommunication.A.Linguistics B.PhoneticsC.Phonology D.ArticulatoryphoneticsEnglishcurriculumevaluationsystemshouldbesetupwith asthemainbodytopromotestudents’comprehensive,healthyandindividualdevelopment.students B.educatorC.learner D.teacherWhichofthefollowingpointyouneednottoconsiderwhenreadingyourwrittenwork?Whoistheaudience?Isthelanguageappropriateforthereader?Whatisthepurposeorreasonforwriting?Areallthepointsthatyouhavemadeclear?Haveyouchosenthecorrectformatorlayout?ShouldIpleasealltheaudience?InAudiolingualism,asinSituationalLanguageTeaching,theteacher’sroleiscentralandactive;itisadominatedmethod.Theteachermodelsthetargetlanguage,controlsthedirectionandpaceoflearning,andmonitorsandcorrectsthelearners’performance.A.teacher B.student C.situation D.ask-and-answerTheteachingpronunciationisnotteachingisolatedspeechsounds.Allaspectsincludingphonemes,phoneticsymbols,words,sentences,meanings,andusesshouldbeincluded.Whichprincipleofteachingpronunciationisthis?A.Accuracy B.ComprehensivenessC.Pertinence D.VarietyWhichofthefollowingactivitiesbelongstoGistlistening?choosethebesttitle B.fillinthetableC.choosetrueorfalse D.answerquestionsTeacherBillaskedstudentstopracticeintonations,tonesandstressesofsentencesinspeakingclass.Whatcontentisheteaching?Languageform B.LanguagecontentC.Cultureknowledge D.LanguagefunctionWhenteacherWangwantstoteachspeaking,shecanteachthefollowingaspectsexcept ?A.languageform B.languagecontent C.function D.punctuationThisisareadingclass.Whichofthefollowingateachermaynotusebeforeformalreading?Organizingstudentstopredictthereadingcontent.Providingthembackgroundknowledgeaboutthetopic.Presentingnewwordswithincontext.Skimming.Atthe ,thelessonmovesfromcontrolledpracticetoguidedpracticeandexploitationofthetextswhennecessary.A.Presentationstage B.PracticeStageC.ProductionStage D.NoneoftheaboveTeacherscorrectmistakesdirectly.Whatkindoffeedbackisthis?verbalfeedback B.non-verbalfeedbackC.feedbackinwritingform D.NoneofthemPassage121~25小題。Passage1Wargamesarecommonlyusedbythemilitarytoevaluatestrategies,explorescenariosandrevealunexpectedweaknesses.AmericanshipsandaircrafthavejustbeguntwoweeksofwargamesintheGulf,promptingprotestsfromIran,andlastweekSouthKoreacarriedoutanannualcomputerisedwar-gameexercise.Mightwargamesdeserveagreaterroleinbusiness?Militaryanalogiesaboundinthecorporateworld.PlentyofbosseslooktoSunTzu,anancientChinesegeneral,formanagementtips.Andinbusiness,asinwar,outcomesdependonwhatothersdo,aswellasone’sownactions.Yetmanyfirmsfailtothinksystematicallyabouthowrivalswillreacttotheirplans—andtraditionalplanningdoesapoorjoboftakingcompetitors’responsesintoaccount,saysJohnMcDermott,headofstrategyatXerox,anoffice-equipmentcompany.Corporatewargames,whichsimulatetheinteractionsofmultipleactorsinamarket,provideabetterwaytodoso.Suchgameshavetwochiefcharacteristics.First,playersbreakintoteamsandtakeontherolesoffiercecompetitors(andsometimesothercitizens,suchascustomers).Second,thegamesinvolveseveralturns,allowingcompetitorsnotjusttodrawuptheirownstrategiesbuttorespondtothechoicesofothers.Theirpopularityisrising.BoozAllenHamilton(BAH),aconsultancy,isrunning100wargamesayear,upfromaround50threeyearsago.OpenOptions,aCanadianstrategyconsultancy,hasbeengoingsince1996anditsrevenuedoubledlastyear.BAHintroducesaquantitativeelementintoitsgames,calculatingtheeffectofeachteam’sstrategyontheircompany’sprofitsandstockmarketvalueattheendofeachturn.OpenOptionstakesafurtherstep.TohelpXeroxunderstandthemarketdynamicsoftheprintandcopyindustry,itranaone-dayworkshopinwhichteamsfromXeroxtooktherolesofthebigcompaniesinthemarket,itselfincluded.Eachteamidentifiedthethings“their”companycoulddotochangeitsstrategyanddrewupalistofitsdesiredoutcomes;these“preferencetrees”weresharedwiththeotherteams.TheresultswerethenpumpedintoOpenOptions’proprietarysoftwaretools,whichplayedoutinteractionsbetweenthecompaniesandproducedarangeofpossibleoutcomes.Mr.McDermottsaysthegame’spredictivepowerwasastonishing:oneforecast,thatacompanywouldstarttoacquireacertaingroupofassetswithintheindustry,cametruewithinsixmonths.Bysheddinglightonareaswherecompanieshavedifferentpriorities,theconceptofpreferencetreeshelpstohighlightpotentialtrade-offs,aswellascompetition.OpenOptionschargesNorthAmericanclientsroughly$100,000foranengagement.Thesecretofsuccessfulwar-gamingdoesnotsimplylieinmathematics,however.Interaction,notalgebra,isthebestwaytowinsupportforanewstrategy.Game-playersmustbeseniorforthesamereason—althoughhavingthetopbossonateamcanstiflefeedback.Strategiesalsohavetocapturecompetitors’hard-to-quantifycorporatecultures:whendesigningagame,BAHseeksoutemployeesatitsclientswhohaveactuallyworkedatcompetitorsforthatreason.Butperhapswargames’greatestvalueliesinthewaytheyencouragemanagerstothinkdifferentlyabouttheconsequencesoftheiractions.“Toknowyourenemy,youmustbecomeyourenemy,”asSunTzuwouldsay.Theexpression“aboundin”(Line1,Paragraph2)mostprobablymeans .belimited B.beappreciated C.bedriven D.beplentifulAccordingtothetext,traditionalcorporateplanning .hasbeencompletelyabandonedfailstoconsiderrivals’reactionsincludesthedetailedanalysesofstrategiesofallrivalcompaniesfunctionswellforthedevelopmentofmostcompaniesThepositiveeffectofwargamesowestothefollowingEXCEPT .theroleplayingofcompetitors B.thecompositionofseveralturnsC.theintroductionofquantitativefactors D.therisingpopularityofthegameWhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothetext?BothBAHandOpenOptionsdevelopedtheirownsoftwaretoolsfordataanalysisofwargames.Thewargameserviceexpandsslowlybecauseofitshighfee.“Preferencetrees”referstodesiredoutcomesofthecompanies.Wargame’spredictiveabilityisnotconvincingWhichofthefollowingisNOTareasonforthesuccessofwargames?Feedback. B.Mathematics.C.Interaction. D.Considerationofenemy.Passage226~30小題。Passage2Inflationhasshottomulti-decadehighsinmuchoftherichworldduringthepastyear,withtheeffectofsupplyconstraints,covidrestrictionsandaburgeoningeconomicrecoveryallhelpingtodriveconsumerpriceshigher.InAsia,however,pressureonpricesismuchweaker.Why?Inmuchoftheregion—inChina,HongKong,India,Indonesia,thePhilippinesandVietnam—inflationisinfactbelowaveragelevelsoverthedecadebeforethepandemic,notesAbdulAbiad,directorofmacroeconomicresearchattheAsianDevelopmentBank.Whereitishigherthantheaveragefor2010-2019—inMalaysia,Singapore,SouthKorea,TaiwanandThailand—itisbyaroundtwopercentagepointsorless.ThedivergencebetweenEastandWestistheresultofseveralfactors.SomeofthedisparitywiththeboomingpricesseeninNorthAmericaandEurope,aswellasmanynon-Asianemergingmarkets,comesdowntofood.Whereaspricesoffoodgloballyhavesurged,MrAbiadnotesthattheeffecthasbeenuneven.Maizeandwheatpricesroseby18%and20%respectivelyinthe12monthstotheendofJanuary.Incontrast,thepriceofricefellbyaroundafifthinthesameperiod.InacountrylikethePhilippines,ricemakesupaquarterofthefoodshareoftheconsumer-priceindex,andone-tenthoftheentireindex.InChinainparticular,averagewholesaleporkpricesdroppedbymorethanhalfinthe12monthstoJanuary,astheAfricanswinefeverepidemicthathasragedthroughthecountrysince2018begantoabate.Theimpactoffoodpricesismostobviousindevelopingeconomies,buttherearereasonswhyAsia’srichercountrieshaverecordedlowerinflationarypressuretoo.Forone,supply-chainbottlenecksarenotassevereastheyareintheWest.Thecostofshippinga40-footcontainerfromShanghaitoRotterdamhasrisenbyaround60%inthepastyear,to$13,686,accordingtoDrewry,asupply-chainconsultancy.Incontrast,thepriceforthereturnjourneyislittlemorethanatenthofthat,at$1,445,afigurewhichhasdroppedby1%inthepastyear.SurveysofpurchasingmanagerssuggestthatsupplierdelaysarestillworseninginmostofEuropeandAmerica,butfallinginChina,India,Indonesia,ThailandandVietnam.Thedifferentwaysinwhichcountrieshaveemergedfromthepandemicmattertoo.ResearchersatCapitalEconomics,anotherconsultancy,notethatAsia’s“reopening”inflationinconsumerservicesremainslow.TheriseinpricesforrecreationandculturalservicesinIndonesia,Malaysia,thePhilippines,Singapore,SouthKoreaandTaiwanishalforlessoftheAmericanyear-on-yearrateofaround4%.Thedifferencemaybecausedbymoregraduallooseningofrestrictions,aswellasadearthofinternationaltourists.Notallformsofinflationarypressurecanbeavoided.Energypricesaremoreinfluencedbyglobaltrendsthanthoseformostothergoodsandservices.RisingenergycostshavebeenthebiggestcontributortotheinflationsurgeinAsia,makingupasmuchasathirdofthetotalincreaserecently,accordingtoanalystsatGoldmanSachs,abank.Manyeconomiesintheregionmayfacehigherinterestratesdespitetheirmilderinflation.Potentialinterest-rateincreasesfromtheFederalReservethisyearraisethethreatofastrongerdollar,whichwouldbringimportedinflationtoAsia.MonetarypolicymakersinIndonesia,SingaporeandSouthKoreahavealreadyannouncedsmallstepstotightenmonetarypolicy.Theyareunlikelytobethelast.Factorsthataffectconsumerpricesriseare .supplyconstraints B.covidrestrictionsC.rapideconomicrecovery D.alloftheaboveWhatcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraph?EastandWestfoodpricesareverydifferent.Globalfoodpricessoarbutitsimpactuneven.BothmaizeandwheatpricesriseinPhilippines.PorkpricesdroppedbecauseoftheAfricanswinefever.WhytheAsia’s“reopening”inflation