PAGEPAGE9關(guān)節(jié)式鉆床機(jī)械工業(yè)是國(guó)民的裝備部，是為國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)提供裝備和為人民生活提供耐用消費(fèi)品的產(chǎn)業(yè)。不論是傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)，還是新興產(chǎn)業(yè)，都離不開各種各樣的機(jī)械裝備，機(jī)械工業(yè)所提供裝備的性能、質(zhì)量和成本，對(duì)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)各部門技術(shù)進(jìn)步和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益有很大的和直接的影響。機(jī)械工業(yè)的規(guī)模和技術(shù)水平是衡量國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力和科學(xué)技術(shù)水平的重要標(biāo)志。因此，世界各國(guó)都把發(fā)展機(jī)械工業(yè)作為發(fā)展本國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的戰(zhàn)略重點(diǎn)之一。關(guān)節(jié)式鉆床是近幾十年發(fā)展起來(lái)的一種高科技半自動(dòng)化生產(chǎn)設(shè)備。關(guān)節(jié)式鉆床的是工業(yè)機(jī)器人的一個(gè)重要分支。它的特點(diǎn)是可通過(guò)編程來(lái)完成各種預(yù)期的作業(yè)任務(wù)，在構(gòu)造和性能上兼有人和機(jī)器各自的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，尤其體現(xiàn)了人的智能和適應(yīng)性。關(guān)節(jié)式鉆床作業(yè)的準(zhǔn)確性和各種環(huán)境中完成作業(yè)的能力，在國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)各領(lǐng)域有著廣闊的發(fā)展前景。關(guān)節(jié)式鉆床是在機(jī)械化，自動(dòng)化生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中發(fā)展起來(lái)的一種新型裝置。在現(xiàn)代生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中，關(guān)節(jié)式鉆床被廣泛的運(yùn)用于自動(dòng)生產(chǎn)線中，機(jī)械人的研制和生產(chǎn)已成為高技術(shù)鄰域內(nèi)，迅速發(fā)展起來(lái)的一門新興的技術(shù)，它更加促進(jìn)了關(guān)節(jié)式鉆床的發(fā)展，使得關(guān)節(jié)式鉆床能更好地實(shí)現(xiàn)與機(jī)械化和自動(dòng)化的有機(jī)結(jié)合。關(guān)節(jié)式鉆床雖然目前還不如人手那樣靈活，但它具有能不斷重復(fù)工作和勞動(dòng)，不知疲勞，不怕危險(xiǎn)，鉆孔的范圍比傳統(tǒng)的臺(tái)式鉆床大的特點(diǎn)，因此，關(guān)節(jié)式鉆床已受到許多部門的重視，并越來(lái)越廣泛地得到了應(yīng)用。關(guān)節(jié)式鉆床技術(shù)涉及到力學(xué)、機(jī)械學(xué)、電氣氣技術(shù)、自動(dòng)控制技術(shù)、傳感器技術(shù)和計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)等科學(xué)領(lǐng)域，是一門跨學(xué)科綜合技術(shù)。關(guān)節(jié)式鉆床是一種能自動(dòng)化定位控制并可重新編程序以變動(dòng)的多功能機(jī)器，它有多自由度，可用來(lái)鉆孔、攻牙以完成在各個(gè)不同環(huán)境中工作。關(guān)節(jié)式鉆床是能模仿人手和臂的某些動(dòng)作功能，用以按照擺臂旋轉(zhuǎn)的區(qū)域自行轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)鉆孔、攻牙的半自動(dòng)化設(shè)備。它可代替普通臺(tái)式鉆床加工空間固定，不能靈活移動(dòng)鉆孔、攻牙的缺陷，能在擺臂旋轉(zhuǎn)的360度的區(qū)域里面完成任意位置任意工件的鉆孔、攻牙，因而廣泛應(yīng)用于機(jī)械制造、模具加工，鍛造，冶金等等領(lǐng)域，在加工領(lǐng)域占據(jù)了越來(lái)越重要的位置。本文主要進(jìn)行了關(guān)節(jié)式鉆床的總體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)和氣動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì)。關(guān)節(jié)式鉆床的機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)由氣缸、旋轉(zhuǎn)關(guān)節(jié)和鉆孔裝置組成，可按預(yù)定軌跡運(yùn)動(dòng)，在任意的有效區(qū)域內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)工件的鉆孔，攻牙的操作。氣動(dòng)部分的設(shè)計(jì)主要是選擇合適的控制閥，設(shè)計(jì)合理的氣動(dòng)控制回路，通過(guò)控制和調(diào)節(jié)氣缸壓縮空氣的壓力、流量和方向來(lái)使氣動(dòng)執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)獲得必要的力、動(dòng)作速度和改變運(yùn)動(dòng)方向，并按規(guī)定的程序工作。本文詳細(xì)介紹了運(yùn)用SolidWorks軟件（3D機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)軟件的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）進(jìn)行關(guān)節(jié)式鉆長(zhǎng)的設(shè)計(jì)。由于SolidWorks軟件無(wú)論對(duì)零件設(shè)計(jì)，還是對(duì)整個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)都起了一個(gè)模擬仿真的作用，在SolidWorks軟件中，我們可以直觀，清楚地了解整個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)的外形，運(yùn)作甚至是材料的分析。借助SolidWorks，將產(chǎn)品更快地投入市場(chǎng)。SolidWorks提供無(wú)與倫比的性能和價(jià)值，它是技術(shù)創(chuàng)新的領(lǐng)先者，并且還擁有最大的用戶群。沒有其他CAD系統(tǒng)可以幫助您快速準(zhǔn)確地完成產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)工作。本文先對(duì)SolidWorks軟件作出簡(jiǎn)介，對(duì)此三維軟件作出一系列的說(shuō)明，而后對(duì)關(guān)節(jié)式鉆床設(shè)備進(jìn)行介紹，并結(jié)合SolidWorks軟件，將二者融會(huì)貫通。通過(guò)SolidWorks軟件設(shè)計(jì)，從二維的AUTOCAD零件圖紙，到三維的SolidWorks整個(gè)設(shè)備，大大地提高了設(shè)計(jì)的效果和效率，避免了工程師們?cè)诂F(xiàn)實(shí)中出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤，切切實(shí)實(shí)地展現(xiàn)出三維軟件的強(qiáng)大性能。

JointtypedrillingmachineBeijingInstituteofAviationTechnologyLiuxinYa[Abstract]introducedaconcurrentengineering,agilemanufacturingandsophisticatedproduction,andotheradvancedmanufacturingtechnologyandthecharacteristicsofthedevelopmentofmachinetoolsintheportfolioofapplications,howtodeepenandextendtheapplicationofspecificmeasures.Inthemachinetoolindustry,withthesocialdemandsofthecontinuousimprovementofproducts,alongwiththegrowingcompetitioninthemarkettomeetuserrequirements,includingtheimprovementofproductquality,shortenproductioncycles,reducecosts,improveserviceandwinmarkethasbecomeabreakthrough.Inordertoachievethisgoalandwinmarket,itshouldbetheintroductionofmodernandadvancedmanufacturingtechnology:concurrentengineering,agilemanufacturingandsophisticatedproduction,inordertopromotethedevelopmentofcombinationmachine.ConcurrentEngineeringisalsoknownasconcurrentengineering,integrated,paralleltooptimizeproductdesignanditsrelatedprocesses(includingmanufacturingandsupport)systemapproach,whichguidetheproductdevelopmentstaffbegantoconsideraproductfromconcepttodesigntothedemiseofthroughoutthelifecycleofallthefactors,includingquality,cost,programminganduserneeds.ConcurrentEngineeringisthefirsttoshortenproductdevelopmentcyclesasameanstodevelop.Productswillbecharacterizedbythedevelopment,productionengineeringinvolvedintheactsbrokendownintoaseriesoftasks,suchasmarketanalysis,design,processdesign,productionplansandequipmentpurchases,processing,qualityassurance,testingandaftersalesservice.Thesesub-tasksasfaraspossibleandconsidersynchronousparalleltoachieveimproveddesigntoshortenthecycleandimprovequality,reducecosts,optimizethedesignpurpose.Itstressedthatintegrated,coordinatedandparallel,namely:(1)management,design,production,andserviceofallproject-relatedpersonnelandproductinformationintegrationasawhole,andstressedthatallrelevantdepartmentsandtheinterestsoftheoverallgoalline(2)totheestablishmentofacompetentandreasonablechargeoftheprojectpersonnelstructureoftheworkinggroupcoordinatedmanagementmodel,bytheWorkingGroupintheministriesresponsibleforprojectelements,andthepromotionofthecoordinationoftasks,(3)parallelprocessingstagesofthework.Accordingtotheprojectinthedifferenttasksofthelinkagesbetweenthedifferentministriesmandateoftheelementsoftheworkprocesscanbecompletelyoverlaporduplication.Inaccordancewiththeseprinciples,formulateareasonable,andoptimizetheworkplan,andthelocationinwhichthenecessarysettingsassessment,theWorkingGroupbytheprojectimplementationsothatallsub-tasksinparallel,tomoveforwardinanorderlymanner,soastoensurethesmoothimplementationofthewholeproject.Accordingtothetraditionalmethodsofwork,theworkofthevariousstagesinarowserial.Insuchaproductdevelopmentapproach,divorcedfromeachotheratvariousstages,arenotrelated,resultinginincreaseddesignerror,anddifficulttodiscoversuchadesignrework,tolengthenthedevelopmentcycle,addingtothecosts.Parallelworkingmethodsused,theprocesswillbeintegratedwithparallelconsideration,theworkcanbecarriedoutduplication.Problemscanbepromptlycoordinatethechangessothatthefollow-upstagelefttoincreasethedifficultyofcorrection

Andcosts.Thus,theapplicationofconcurrentengineeringcansignificantlyshortentheproductdevelopmentcycle,reducecosts,itissuitableforthedevelopmentofprofessionalportfoliomachine.Concurrentengineeringmethodswillbeappliedtoproductdevelopment,theeffectwasverysignificant.March1997,BeijingInstituteofAviationTechnologywithamotorcycledesignandmanufacturingplantstosignthe6-crankmachineprojectcontractfordeliveryendoftheyear,andtherequirementsofmachinetoolsinthepastquitedifferent.Intheprojectusingaconcurrentengineeringapproach,inparallel,cross-operation,greatlyreducingthedesign,manufactureperiod,thesuccessfulcompletionofthetasks.Paralleldevelopmentofthecombinationofmachinespecificmethodsare:(1)theestablishmentofamulti-composedofprofessionalstodevelopworkinggroups.BytheWorkingGroupofthespecificpartoftheimplementationoftheproject,membersoftheWorkingGroupincollaborationdivisionofduties,timelyandcoordinatedinordertoachieveoptimizationofthedesign.Suchasamachinetooldemandintheclampingfixturepartstotheprocessoffloating,ifseparateconsiderationfromthemechanicalstructuretomeetthisrequirementmoredifficult,complexstructureofthefixture.Later,withthehydraulicdesignofelectricalcontrolandcoordinate,controlproceduresproposedamendmentstochangetheorderclampingaction,adjustingthehydraulicpressureofsolutionstomeettherequirementsoftheclamping.(2)intheformulationofprogrammes,thesigningofthecontractstage,onthepreliminaryidentifiedanumberofstandardcomponents.(3)MultipleMulti-accreditationprogramme.MachineToolTechnologyindeterminingtheoverallprogramme,keycomponentsintheoveralldesignprocess,manytimesbytheSolidworkscommitteetoreviewthedesignplan,andputintoproductionbeforetheuserinthedesignplanjointtrials.Thus,fromthedesigntotakeintoaccountthebeginningofaprocessdesign,toolingdesign,manufacturing,assemblyandotherdownstreamvariousstagesofdebuggingproblemsthatmayarise,thusgreatlyreducingthenumberofdesignchangesRatedmeetuserrequirements,toachievedesignbest.(4)adesignpre-releasemethod.Machineoverallplansinaformaldrawingago,hasbeenreleasedinstagessetbythemainstructureandthemajorcomponentsofdata,processdesign,toolingdesigncanbecarriedoutaheadofschedule.Inthedesignofthemachinetooltodeterminesomecomponentssuchasfixtures,toolssuchasthecoordinationofsize,andatthesametimebegantodesignandtoolfixture,and,alsoidentifiedslider,mobileworkstationsandothercomponents,thesecomponentshavethechoiceasfaraspossibleStandardcomponents,inthedesignofitsoperationwillbecompleted.Andtheoveralldesignofthevariouscomponentssuchasfixtures,andtimelycoordinationbetweenthetool,linkedtochangesinthesizeofeachothertimelycoordinationsothatthesizeofotherrelevantdrawingsarepromptlycorrected.(5)componentsinthedesignoftheprocessingcyclecanbelongspecificpartssuchasfolders,suchascastingstereotypesassoonaspossibletoadvancingtheprocessdesign,production.(6)completionofthevariouscomponentsofadesign,processdesignandreadytoentertheproductionstage.Therefore,thevariouscomponentsofthepartsisintheworkshop,parallelprocessing.Adoptthisapproach,theWorkingGroup4wereusedonlyfourweekstimeonthepartofgenericcomponentssuchastheslider,mobileplatformsandpowerfirstwentintooperationatthesametime,thecompletionofthemechanicaldesignofthemachineandoutsourcingoforders.Machinetoolproductionprocess,thevariouscomponentsintheBeijingInstituteofAviationTechnologyAssociation,andseveralmanufacturersatthesametime.Inthemachine,installationanddebugging,butalsoseveralmachineatthesametime,throughthesework,andmachinetoolsforthetimelydeliveryofvaluabletime.AgilemanufacturingintheUnitedStatesoftheCaspianSea,"the21stcenturymanufacturingstrategy"inthereportofanewmanufacturingparadigm.Afterdevelopment,theUnitedStateslacoccaInstitutewillbedefinedas:"acompanythatisagileinthemarketfortheunpredictablechangesinthecompetitiveenvironmentinthedevelopmentandprosperityofacapability,thatisrapidlychangingglobalmarketarapidresponsecapability,withthecompanycomputernetworkandtheglobalproductionsystem,themarket,competitorstolinkupinthehigh-quality,high-performance,low-cost,customerproductconfigurationsettings,suchasuserdemand-drivenmarketsituationdemonstratedacapability."Characterizedbytheflexibleproductiontechnology,flexibleorganizationmanagementandprofessionalskillsofthestaffhaveintegratedintoacoordinated,interconnectedsystems,inordertoachievethestrategicgoalofreunification,thesameindustryindifferententerprisesthroughjointinfrastructurelinks,pastlife-and-deathcompetitionwillbecomefriendlyandcooperativecompetition,therebychangingmarketfasterresponse.Therefore,thistechnologyissuitableforthedevelopmentofprofessionalportfoliomachine.(1)promotetheAgilefirstmodularproducts,reflectedinthecompositionofthemachineisinthemachinetoolcomponentsandthestandardizationofserialization.CrankshaftMachineToolinthedevelopmentanddesign,cangreatlyshortenthedesigncycle,theapplicationofconcurrentengineeringisafactor,largenumberofstandardcomponents,theapplicationofcommoncomponentsisakeyelement.(2)IntheAgileManufacturing,mustreflectthepeopleandorganizationsisthemostvaluableasset.Intheproductionoflargequantities,peoplearealwaysSolidworkssolutionasmanufactureandsaleofthecruxoftheproblem,andinAgileManufacturing,thebestuseofpeopleisthekeytosolvetheproblem,technologyisonlyamethodormeans.Therefore,theneedfortheProjectWorkingGrouporganizationalmodeladvocatedhardworking,givefullplaytotheirinitiative.SophisticatedproductionistheUnitedStatesinthe1990s,Japan'sToyotaMotorCorporationsummedupproductionmanagementmethodsonthebasisofsummingupbytheproduction.Itstressedthatbyimprovingtheproductionofenterprisesinthemanagementoftheactivities,includingtheefficiencyofvariousactivitiesandcostaccounting,toachievethefastestspeedofresponsetothemarket,thelowestcostofproduction,theoptimalproductdesigntodesignandManufacturingofproductsneededbythemarket.Itsfeaturesareuser-God,apeople-centred,asameanstostreamline,tozerodefectgoal.Canbeseenfromtheaboveanalysis,andadvancedmanufacturingtechnologyintheBeijingInstituteofAviationTechnologyPortfoliomachinehasbeendevelopedinanumberofapplications,butstillneedtofurtherdeepenandextendtheapplication.Inlaterwork,Shouldpayattentiontothefollowingaspects:(1)WorkingGrouponthefurtherimplementationoftheprojectmodel,aresponsibilitytothepeople,bytheuseofconcurrentengineeringgroupresponsibleforthecompletionofthewayfromthemachinetooltechnologyprogrammetodesign,manufacture,testinganddeliveryoftheworkofthestaffatthesametimestrengthentheknowledgeandskillstraining,keeptrackmachinetoolindustryathomeandabroadcombinationofthelatestdevelopments.(2)marketchangesandthedevelopmentofpre-studyplanatthesametimemaintainclosetieswithusers,userswhoregularlyvisitprovidesitsuserswithqualityafter-salesservice,andequipmentoperationandunderstandingofuserneeds,inordertoimprovethedesign.(3)high-qualityproductstowincustomers.MachineToolinthedevelopmentportfolio,inadditiontoenhancingthesenseofquality,thenewtechnology,theapplicationofnewtechnologyinthemarketisalsoanimportantmeans.Nowusersgenerallyrequiremachineefficiency,flexibility,andadapttosmallquantitiesandvarietyofprocessing.PortfolioTooltoenhancetheefficiencyofproductionandincreaseinthedesignshouldbecuttingspeed,theuseofadvancedtools,centralizedprocessingconsiderthreeaspects.(4)attentiontothede