Unit8Image&VideoLesson22DigitalImageFundamentals《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第5版）》Lesson22DigitalImageFundamentalsBackgroundsTexttour

LanguageinuseVocabularyStructureReading/writingtechniques2024/5/292《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第5版）》TerminologyPixel像素Grayscaleimage灰度圖像Grayscalelevel灰度級Histogram直方圖Bargraph條形圖Histogramequalization直方圖均衡Backgrounds2024/5/293《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第5版）》TerminologyImagecontrast圖像對比度Edgefilter邊緣濾波器Edgedetection邊緣檢測Objectrecognition目標識別Run-lengthencoding行程編碼Huffmanencoding哈夫曼編碼Backgrounds2024/5/294《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第5版）》TerminologyDCT: DiscreteCosineTransform 離散余弦變換CT:computedtomography 計算機斷層造影MRI:MagneticResonanceImaging 核磁共振成像Backgrounds2024/5/295《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第5版）》TexttourOutlineDigitalImageResolutionHistogramsAdditionandSubtractionofImagesWarpingandMorphingImageFilteringDilationandErosionImagecompressionImageSpectra2024/5/296《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第5版）》DigitalImageResolutionAdigitalimageismadeupofmanyrowsandcolumnsofpixels.Forgrayscaleimages,eachpixelisassignedanumberthatrepresentsthegrayshadeassignedtothatpixel.2024/5/297《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第5版）》DigitalImageResolutionAn808x562x8digitalimage2024/5/298《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第5版）》HistogramsThegrayscalespresentinadigitalimagecanbesummarizedbyitshistogram(seeFigure8.2).Thehistogramreportsthenumberofpixelsforeachgrayscalelevelpresentintheimage,asabargraph.

2024/5/299《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第5版）》HistogramsAhistogram2024/5/2910《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第5版）》AdditionandSubtractionofImagesDigitalimagescanbeaddedandsubtractedpixel-by-pixel.

Whentwoimagesareaddedorsubtracted,theresultantmatrixwillfrequentlycontainillegalgrayscalevalues.

Scalingtotherange[0,GSLmax]maybeaccomplishedasfollows:

2024/5/2911《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第5版）》WarpingandMorphingWarpingandmorphingaredigitalimagetechniquesthatarefindingapplicationnotonlyinentertainmentbutalsoinmedicalimaging.

2024/5/2912《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第5版）》ImageFilteringDigitalimagescanbefilteredusingtwo-dimensionalconvolutionwithaconvolutionkernel.LowpassfiltersblurimagesHighpassfiltersemphasizesharpchangesingrayscalelevelEdgefilterslocateedgesinanimage

2024/5/2913《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第5版）》DilationandErosionDilationaddsalayerofpixelstoallobjectsinanimage.Erosionremovesonelayerofpixelsfromallobjects.Dilationand

Erosionareuseinobjectrecognition

2024/5/2914《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第5版）》ImageSpectraTwo-dimensionalFFTsareusedtoanalyzethespectraofdigitalimages.Atwo-dimensionalspectrumcomprisesamagnitudespectrumandaphasespectrum.

ImagespectraformthebasisforCT(ComputedTomography)MRI(MagneticResonanceImaging)2024/5/2915《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第5版）》ImagecompressionTosavetimeandbandwidth,imagesandotherfilesareoftencompressedbeforebeingtransmittedovertheInternet

Losslesscompression

Lossycompression

Compressionschemesrun-lengthencoding(RLE)Huffmanencoding2024/5/2916《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第5版）》ImagecompressionJPEGanextremelycommonimagecompressionschemeusesthediscretecosinetransform(DCT)toconcentratemostoftheinformationaboutan8x8sub-blockofanimageintoafewsignificantcoefficientsusesbothrun-lengthencodingandHuffmanencodingtoprovidefurthercompression.2024/5/2917《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第5版）》VocabularyscaleshadeequalizationkernelrecognitionStructureReading/writingtechniquesLanguageinuse2024/5/2918《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第5版）》Vocabulary2024/5/2919《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第5版）》ScaleindictionaryA

systemoforderedmarksatfixedintervalsusedasareferencestandardinmeasurement刻度Aninstrumentordevicebearingsuchmarks刻度尺Astandardofmeasurementorjudgment;acriterion.標準Aproportionusedindeterminingthedimensionalrelationshipofarepresentationtothatwhichitrepresents比例Acalibratedline,asonamaporanarchitecturalplan,indicatingsuchaproportion.比例尺2024/5/2920《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第5版）》ScaleindictionaryProperproportion適當?shù)谋壤齛housethatseemedoutofscalewithitssurroundings.Aprogressiveclassification,asofsize,amount,importance,orrank等級judgingdivers'performancesonascaleof1to10;afamilythatrankshighonthesocialscale.Arelativelevelordegree規(guī)模entertainedonalavishscale.2024/5/2921《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第5版）》ScaleindictionaryAsystemofnotationinwhichthevaluesofnumericalexpressionsaredeterminedbytheirplacesrelativetothechosenbaseofthesystem進位制thedecimalscale.Anascendingordescendingseriesoftonesproceedingbyaspecifiedschemeofintervalsandvaryinginpitcharrangementandintervalsize.音階2024/5/2922《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第5版）》ScaleindictionaryTochangetherepresentationofaquantity,expressingitinotherunits,sothatitsrangeisbroughtwithinaspecifiedrange.Toadjusttherepresentationofaquantitybyafactorinordertobringitsrangewithinprescribedlimits.Incomputergraphics,toenlargeorreduceallorpartofadisplayimagebymultiplyingtheircoordinatebyconstantvalues.Asystemofmathematicalnotation:fixed-pointorfloating-pointscaleofanarithmeticvalue.2024/5/2923《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第5版）》ScaleintextThelargerthenumberofpixelsinanimage,andthelargerthenumberofavailablegrayscalelevels,thebettertheresolutionoftheimage.

圖像的像素數(shù)越大，可用灰度級的數(shù)量越大，圖像的分辨力也越好。

2024/5/2924《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第5版）》Scaleinuse

ascaletomeasuresth.衡量某物的尺度thescaleonathermometer溫度計的標度scalemodel比例模型wage[pay]scale工資等級2024/5/2925《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第5版）》Scaleinuse

highinthesocialscale社會地位高inscale(with)與...相稱onabig[large]scale大規(guī)模地onasmallscale小規(guī)模地onthe[a]scaleof按...比例;按...規(guī)模outofscale不合規(guī)定比例scaleup/down按比例增加縮減2024/5/2926《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第5版）》ShadeindictionaryLightdiminishedinintensityasaresultoftheinterceptionoftherays;partialdarkness.

陰影Anareaoraspaceofpartialdarkness.

陰影部分Coverorshelterprovidedbyinterceptionbyanobjectofthesunoritsrays.

遮蔽處或隱蔽處Anyofvariousdevicesusedtoreduceorscreenlightorheat.

遮陽物2024/5/2927《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第5版）》ShadeindictionaryThepartofapictureorphotographdepictingdarknessorshadow.

暗部Thedegreetowhichacolorismixedwithblackorisdecreasinglyilluminated;gradationofdarkness.

暗度2024/5/2928《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第5版）》ShadeindictionaryAslightdifferenceorvariation;anuance:

細微差別shadesofmeaning.Asmallamount;atrace:

少量；痕跡detectedashadeofbitternessinherremarks.Apresentreminderofapersonorsituationinthepast:

記憶shadesofmyhigh-schooldays.2024/5/2929《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第5版）》ShadeintextForgrayscaleimages,eachpixelisassignedanumberthatrepresentsthegray

shadeassignedtothatpixel.對灰度圖而言，每個像素被賦予一個代表該像素灰度級的數(shù)值。

2024/5/2930《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第5版）》Shadeinuse

ashadeof少許,微微castintotheshade使失色,使相形見絀fallintotheshade被奪去光彩,黯然失色intheshade在樹陰下;在暗處;默默無聞notashadeofdoubt毫不懷疑theshadesofevening暮色theshadowofashade幻影withoutlightandshade沒有明暗的,單調(diào)的2024/5/2931《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第5版）》Shadeinuse

shadepenumbrashadowumbraumbrage Thecentralmeaningsharedbythesenounsisanareaofcomparativedarknessresultingfromtheblockingoflightrays.sittingintheshade坐在陰影里Earth'spenumbra地球的陰影邊緣intheshadowofthecurtains在簾幕的陰影下theumbrabeyondthefootlights腳燈的陰影

shelteredintheumbrageofarainforest躲蔽在雨林樹蔭下2024/5/2932《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第5版）》EqualizationindictionaryThegenerictermfortheprocessofcorrectingundesiredtransmissioncharacteristicsofachannel.Inlinetransmission,forexample,signalattenuationnormallyincreaseswithfrequency.Equalizationinthiscasecanconsistoftheinsertioninthelineofoneormorenetworkshavingtheinverseamplitude/frequencycharacteristics,sothatoveradesiredfrequencybandtheoverallattenuationofthelineismadesubstantiallyconstant.2024/5/2933《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第5版）》EqualizationintextWhenanimageusesonlyasmallportionoftheavailablegrayscalelevels,histogramequalization

canbeusedtospreadouttheusageofgrayscalelevelsovertheentireavailablerange.當一幅圖像只用了可用灰度級的一小部分時，可以使用直方圖均衡的方法將灰度級的使用擴展到整個可用的范圍。

2024/5/2934《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第5版）》Equalizationinuse

automaticequalization自動均衡delayequalization延遲均衡[補償]groupdelayequalization群時延均衡histogramequalization直方圖均衡化sidebandequalization邊帶均衡2024/5/2935《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第5版）》KernelindictionaryAgrainorseed,asofacerealgrass,enclosedinahusk.

谷?；蚍N子Theinner,usuallyedibleseedofanutorfruitstone.

核Themostmaterialandcentralpart;thecore:

中心；核心2024/5/2936《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第5版）》KernelindictionaryIncomputersoftware,thepartofanoperatingsystemthatmustalwaysbeinmainstoragewhenanypartofitisloaded.Itconsistsofrigorouslytestedroutinesthatperformbasicloadingandsupervisoryfunctions.Incomputerprogramming,thepartofasegmentedprogramthatmustalwaysbeinmainstoragewhenanyothersegmentisloaded.Aprogramthatcanrununderdifferentoperatingsystemenvironments.2024/5/2937《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第5版）》KernelintextDigitalimagescanbefilteredusingtwo-dimensionalconvolutionwithaconvolutionkernel.

數(shù)字圖像的濾波可以通過使用卷積算子進行2維卷積實現(xiàn)。

2024/5/2938《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第5版）》Kernelinuse

Hethatwilleatthekernelmustcrackthenut.

不勞不獲atomickernel原子核er