Unit4NaturalDisasters

ListeningandSpeaking主題語境——人與自然之災(zāi)害防范【語境概說】

本單元的主題是人與自然，涉及的話題是自然災(zāi)害與防范、安全常識與自我保護。單元話題可以使學(xué)生了解自然災(zāi)害，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的災(zāi)害防范意識，對學(xué)生進行防災(zāi)減災(zāi)教育。同時，鼓勵學(xué)生開展小組活動，增強合作意識。Misfortunestelluswhatfortuneis.不經(jīng)災(zāi)難不知福。Thelastdropofhumanswillbetearsofregretafterenvironmentaldamage.人類的最后一滴水將是環(huán)境破壞后悔恨的眼淚。Natureiskindofalovingmother，butalsoabutcherincoldblood.自然不僅是慈愛的母親，也是冷血的屠夫。SectionⅠListeningandSpeaking1.Translatethefollowingwordsandphrases.①disastern.

________________

②droughtn.

________________③slidevi.&vt.________________ ④floodn.________________ vi.________________ vt.________________⑤volcaniceruption________________⑥r(nóng)escuen.&vt.________________災(zāi)難；災(zāi)害旱災(zāi)；久旱(使)滑行；滑動

洪水；大量淹沒；大量涌入

使灌滿水；淹沒火山噴發(fā)營救；救援⑦damagen.&vt.________________ ⑧survivevi.________________vt.________________⑨destroyvt.________________⑩deathn.________________?affectvt.__________________________ ?sheltern.__________________vt.__________________vi.__________________損失；損害生存；存活幸存；艱難度過

摧毀；毀滅死；死亡影響；(疾病)侵襲；深深打動

避難處；居所；庇護保護；掩蔽躲避(風(fēng)雨或危險)2.Brainstorming：Haveyoueverexperiencedanynaturaldisasters？Howmanykindsofnaturaldisastersdoyouknow?______________________________________________________________fire，earthquake，hurricane，flood，landslide，tsunami，tornado，drought3.Describewhathappenedduringtheearthquake.4.FinishEx.1onPage48.destroyedruinscrackedinjuredFinishEx.2&Ex.3onPage48.1.Speaking—FinishEx.4onPage49byfollowingtheexample.Goodmorning.Todayis13May.AhugeearthquakehitWenchua,China,yesterdayafternoon.Atleast8,500peoplewerekilledby13Mayinthe7.8magnitudeearthquake.Rescueworkersandsoldiersareworkingdayandnighttodigoutthosetrappedintheruinsandhelpthesurvivors.2.Pronunciation(1)聽錄音，對比發(fā)音清輔音/p//t//k//f//s//θ//?//t?//tr//ts/濁輔音/b//d//ɡ//v//z//e//?//d?//dr//dz/(2)聽詞匯辨-ed結(jié)尾的發(fā)音第一組：reached，kissed，talked，washed，finished，helped規(guī)律：-ed在清輔音后讀：____________第二組：enjoyed，welcomed，answered，carried，worried規(guī)律：-ed在濁輔音及元音后讀：____________第三組：wanted，started，needed，counted，painted，visited，added規(guī)律：-ed在/t/或/d/后讀：____________/t//d//id/語言知識積累Ⅰ.單詞1.strikev.襲擊；災(zāi)難突然發(fā)生2.severeadj.嚴重的；嚴厲的3.rubbishn.垃圾；廢物4.recoverv.痊愈5.uncertainadj.不確定的6.concernn.擔心；關(guān)心7.existvi.存在；生存8.attackv.攻擊；襲擊9.unitev.團結(jié)；聯(lián)合10.hopelessadj.沒有希望的，絕望的

Ⅱ.短語1.rescueteam

救援隊2.donate...to...向……捐贈……3.rebuildone’shome重建某人的家園4.takeonanewlook呈現(xiàn)新面貌5.putup搭建；張貼；提高文化知識習(xí)得震級震級是指地震的大??；是以地震儀測定的每次地震活動釋放的能量多少來確定的。中國目前使用的震級標準，是國際上通用的里氏分級表，共分9個等級，在實際測量中，震級則是根據(jù)地震儀對地震波所作的記錄計算出來的。地震愈大，震級的數(shù)字也愈大，震級每差一級，通過地震釋放的能量約差32倍。

學(xué)習(xí)策略形成1.聽力技巧點撥聽力訓(xùn)練有非常多的形式：將聽到的詞或句子選出來、配對題、真假題、填充題、選擇題、補全句子題、圖表完成題。在聽前，根據(jù)標題、圖片、問題或選項可以預(yù)測聽力材料的大體內(nèi)容。根據(jù)問題和選項進行預(yù)測是最常用的方法，一般的聽力材料，大多數(shù)要求學(xué)生回答問題或選擇正確答案，這些題目本身便為學(xué)生提供了可預(yù)測的內(nèi)容。迅速瀏覽一下所提出的問題或問題中的選項，便能在聽之前了解相當一部分信息。

2.清輔音與濁輔音的區(qū)別英語輔音音素分清輔音與濁輔音，發(fā)音時聲帶不振動的是清輔音，如：/p/，/t/，/k/，/f/，/s/。發(fā)音時聲帶振動的是濁輔音，如：/b/，/d/，/ɡ/，/v/，/z/。英語輔音大部分是成對的，分清濁兩種。如：/p，b/，/t，d/，/k，ɡ/，/f，v/。英語中有一部分輔音是不成對的，如：/m/，/n/，/l/，/r/，/j/，/w/沒有對應(yīng)的清輔音，/h/沒有對應(yīng)的濁輔音。

1.rescuen.&vt.營救，救援Whataretherescueworkersandsoldiersdoingintheflood-hitarea?(教材P48)救援人員和士兵在受災(zāi)地區(qū)做什么？[合作探究]體會rescue的用法和意義Therescuecarbrokedownonourwaytothefloodedarea.這輛救援車在我們?nèi)ズ闉?zāi)地區(qū)的路上出故障了。Helicoptersrescuednearly20peoplefromtheroofoftheburningbuilding.直升機從著火大樓的樓頂救出了將近20人。Heheldontoabranchuntilwecametohisrescue.他抓住一根樹枝，直到我們把他救下來。[自主發(fā)現(xiàn)]①cometo/gotosb.’srescue＝________________援救某人②__________________從……營救某人/某物

rescuesb.rescuesb./sth.

from...[詞塊積累]rescueteam營救隊waittoberescued等待救援[鞏固內(nèi)化](1)單句語法填空①Tomrescuedaboy____________theriveronhiswayhome.(2)補全句子②Whenweweretrappedintheruins，thesoldiers____________________.當我們被困在廢墟中時，士兵們趕來救援。fromcametoourrescue2.damagen.&vt.損失；損害WhichbuildingsweredamagedinSeoul?(教材P48)首爾哪些建筑物受損？[合作探究]體會damage的用法和意義Damagecausedbytheearthquakedisastercan’tbeignored.地震災(zāi)害導(dǎo)致的損失不容忽視。Eatingtoomuchmeatonetimewillcause/dodamagetoyourstomach.一次吃太多的肉會對你的胃造成損害。Asweallknow，smokingcandamageourhealth.眾所周知，抽煙會損害我們的健康。[自主發(fā)現(xiàn)]①cause/dodamage____________對……造成損害；損害……②________________損害某人的健康[鞏固內(nèi)化]補全句子①Yourfatherisangrybecauseyouhave_____________________________theflowerbeds.(damagen.)你把花壇損壞了，你父親對此非常生氣。②Hehadanaccidentand_____________________________.(damagevt.)他遇到意外事故，把自行車弄壞了。

todamageone’shealthcaused/donedamagetodamagedthebike3.affectvt.影響；(疾病)侵襲；深深打動effectn.效應(yīng)；影響；結(jié)果

vt.引起；實現(xiàn)；使發(fā)生82killed，500，000affected(教材P49)82人死亡，50萬人受影響[合作探究]體會affect與effect的用法和意義①Thenoisefromthecomingandgoingcarsoftheroadaffectedourstudy.馬路上來往車輛的噪音____________了我們的學(xué)習(xí)。②Mostpeoplepresentatthemeetingweredeeplyaffectedbyhisspeech.出席會議的大多數(shù)人被他的演講____________了。③Myparents’divorcehadagreateffectonme.父母的離婚給我?guī)砹撕艽蟮腳___________。影響深深打動影響[自主發(fā)現(xiàn)]④affectsb./sth.影響某人/某事⑤bedeeply____________...被……深深打動⑥haveaneffect____________...對……有影響[辨析比較](1)affect主要用作動詞，意為“影響”，相當于haveaneffecton。(2)effect作動詞時指“引起；實現(xiàn)；使發(fā)生”，著重“造成”一種特殊的效果。作名詞時指affect(影響)的結(jié)果，常用于短語haveaneffecton...中，表示“對……有影響”。

affectedbyon[鞏固內(nèi)化]

(1)選詞填空(affect/effect)①Don’tplayaroundhere!Yournoise____________myjobbadly.②Playingcomputergamestoomuchwillhaveabad____________onyourstudy.(2)補全句子③Thefirefighter’slung________________becauseofbreathinginthepoisonousgas.由于吸入了有毒氣體，那位消防隊員的肺部受到了侵襲。④Whatyousayordowill____________________others.你所說或所做的每一件事都會對別人產(chǎn)生影響。affectseffectwasaffectedhaveaneffecton4.sheltern.[C]避難處；居所[U]庇護

vt.保護；掩蔽

vi.躲避(風(fēng)雨或危險)Shelterssetupbythegovernment(教材P49)政府設(shè)立的庇護所[合作探究]體會shelter的用法和意義It’ssohot，andwe’dbetterfindatreetotakeshelterfromthesun.太熱了，我們最好找棵大樹來遮陽。Wesatintheshade，shelteringfromthesun.我們坐在背陰處，避免被曬到。Treesshelterthehousefromthewind.樹給房子擋住了風(fēng)。[自主發(fā)現(xiàn)]①takeshelter_______________...躲避……②________________保護/遮蔽……不/免受……③________________躲避……[鞏固內(nèi)化]單句語法填空①Theyfoundshelter____________thestorminagarage.②Wemustfindaplace____________(shelter)fromthedownpour.[思考]

請說出shelter作及物動詞時的同義詞并造句。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________fromshelter...from...shelterfrom...fromtoshelterprotectThewallcanprotect/shelterourhousesfrombeingflooded.Unit4NaturalDisasters

ListeningandTalking1.Translatethefollowingwordsandphrases.①powern.

____________________________②tapvi.&vt.________________n.__________________③pipen.________________電力供應(yīng)；能量；力量；控制力

輕叩；輕敲；輕拍水龍頭；輕叩；輕敲管子；管道④whistlevt.&vi.________________

n.________________⑤aidn.____________________

vi.&vt.________________⑥kitn.___________________⑦onhand________________⑧staycalm________________⑨emergencysupplies________________吹口哨哨子(聲)；呼嘯聲援助；幫助；救援物資幫助；援助成套工具；成套設(shè)備現(xiàn)有(尤指幫助)保持冷靜應(yīng)急物資2.Brainstorming：Whenitcomestoadisaster，wemaythinkofWenchuanEarthquake.Doyouknowwhatdamageanearthquakewillbringabout?①____________________________________________________②___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ItistheresultofasuddenreleaseofenergyintheEarth’scrust.Earthquakesmayresultindiseases,lackofbasicnecessities,lossoflife,generalpropertydamage,roadandbridgedamageandsometimeslandslides,fires,floodsandeventsunamis.FinishEx.1onPage53.Talking—FinishEx.4onPage53byfollowingtheexample.語言知識積累小議祈使句祈使句指的是表示命令、請求、建議或勸告的句子。其主語you常省略謂語動詞用原形，句末用感嘆號或句號，讀降調(diào)。1.肯定的祈使句 (1)動詞原形＋其他 Standup,please.＝Pleasestandup.請起立。 (2)Be＋adj. Becareful!＝Lookout!＝Takecare!小心/當心！ (3)Let’s＋動詞原形 Let’sgotoschooltogether.咱們一起上學(xué)去吧。

2.否定的祈使句(1)Don’t＋動詞原形Don’tletthemplaywithfire.別讓他們玩火。(2)Let’s(letus)＋not＋動詞原形Let’snotsayanythingaboutit.對于這件事，咱們什么也別說。1.powern.電力供應(yīng)；能量；力量；權(quán)力powerfuladj.強有力的Gotoanopenspaceawayfrombuildings,trees,orpowerlines.(教材P53)去一個開闊的地方，遠離建筑物、樹木或電線。[合作探究]

體會power的用法和意義Chinaisacountrywherethepeopleareinpower.中國是個人民掌權(quán)的國家。Itisreportedthatassoonasthenewpresidentcomestopower，hewillmeetwithalotofproblems.據(jù)報道，新總統(tǒng)一上臺就會有很多問題(需要解決)。Withyears’hardpractice，henowhasthepowertofinishtheactionperfectly.經(jīng)過數(shù)年的艱苦訓(xùn)練，現(xiàn)在他能完美地完成這個動作。Thedifficultjobisbeyondmypower.這工作太難了，我干不了。[自主發(fā)現(xiàn)]①beinpower

執(zhí)政；掌權(quán)(狀態(tài))②________________上臺；執(zhí)政(動作)③________________todosth.具有做某事的能力④beyond/outofone’spower某人力所不能及的[詞塊積累]seizepower奪取政權(quán)turnoffthepower關(guān)掉電源cometopowerhavethepower[鞏固內(nèi)化]補全句子①Sincehe________________,hehasbeen____________foralmostfiveyears.自從他上臺，已執(zhí)政將近五年了。②I’mafraidit’s____________________tohelpyou.我恐怕無力幫助你。cametopowerinpowerbeyondmypower2.calmadj.鎮(zhèn)靜的；沉著的；平靜的

vt.&vi.(使)平靜；(使)鎮(zhèn)定Staycalm.(教材P53)保持冷靜。[合作探究]體會calm的用法和意義Calmdown!Thereisnothingtoworryabout.冷靜下來！沒有什么可擔心的。Shetriedtocalmthemdownbutonlytomakemattersworse.她盡力使他們平靜下來，不料卻適得其反。Tinatriedtoignorethedanger,anddidherbesttokeepcalm.蒂娜試圖不理睬危險，盡量保持鎮(zhèn)靜。[自主發(fā)現(xiàn)]①________________

平靜下來②________________保持鎮(zhèn)靜③________________使某人平靜/鎮(zhèn)定下來[辨析比較](1)calm意為“平靜的，沉著的”。指無風(fēng)浪或人的心情不激動。(2)quiet意為“寧靜的，安靜的”。指沒有聲音、不吵鬧或心里沒有煩惱、憂慮。(3)still意為“靜止的，不動的”。指沒有運動或動作的狀態(tài)。(4)silent意為“寂靜的，沉默的，不出聲的”。指沒有聲音或不講話。calmdownkeepcalmcalmsb.down[鞏固內(nèi)化]

(1)選詞填空(calm/quiet/still/silent)①Sheisa_________girl.Shestood________andkept_________whentheteacheraskedhersomequestions.Butafterawhilesheansweredallthequestionsina________voice.(2)補全句子②He______________________beforedanger.Howbraveheis!在危險面前他保持鎮(zhèn)靜。太勇敢了?、跘ftershe____________________,shesangbetter.她平靜下來后，歌唱得更好了。quietstillsilentcalmremained/keptcalmcalmeddownUnit4NaturalDisasters

ReadingandThinking(1)1.Discussing—Whatdoyouthinkmayhappenbeforeanearthquake?______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.Predicting—Lookatthetitleandthepictureandpredictwhatthetextisprobablyabout._____________________________________________________________Brightlightsintheskymayappear.Animalsmaybetoonervoustoeat.Micemayrunoutofholeslookingforplacestohide.Fishmayjumpoutoftheirpoolsandponds.Wellwallsmayhavedeepcracks.Aterribleearthquakeislikelytohappen.1.Firstreading—Matchthemainideawitheachparagraph.Para.1

A.TheearthquakecausedunbelievabledestructiontoTangshan.Para.2B.TheearthquakehappenedandcauseddeathsandinjuriesinTangshan.Para.3C.Helpcamesoonafterthequakes.Para.4D.Strangethingshappened，butnoonepaidattentiontothem.Para.5E.Tangshancamebacktolifeagain.答案Para.1D

Para.2B

Para.3A

Para.4C

Para.5E2.Secondreading—Choosethebestansweraccordingtothetext.(1)Whendidtheearthquakehappen?A.AtnightonJuly28,1976.

B.OnthemorningofJuly28,1976.C.OntheafternoonofJuly28,1976.D.Thewriterdidn’ttellus.(2)Howmanypeoplewholivedthereweredeadorinjured?A.Ahalf.

B.Twothirds.C.Onethird. D.Thetextdidn’ttellus.(3)Whatdoesthesentence“Slowly,thecitybegantobreatheagain.”mean?A.Thecitywillnotdie;ithashopeanditcanrecoverfromthepain.B.Thearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshantohelppeople.C.Hundredsofthousandsofpeoplewerehelped.D.Mostofthe10,000minerswererescued.答案(1)B

(2)B

(3)A3.Thirdreading—Fillintheblanksaccordingtothetext.TangshanEarthquakeBeforetheearthquake·Thewaterinthevillagewells①____________andfellagainandagain.·Animalsinthefarmyardsbecametoo②__________toeat.DuringtheearthquakeAt3：42ameverythingbeganto③____________.Andhardhillsofrockbecameriversof④____________.DamagesoftheearthquakeOver400，000peoplewerekilledor⑤____________intheearthquake.Andnearlyeverythingwas⑥____________.rosenervousshakedirtinjureddestroyedThehelpfromthewholenationSoldiersdugoutthosewhowere⑦____________andburiedthedead.Medicalworkerscametoprovidemedical⑧____________.Workersbuilt⑨____________forsurvivors.ThegreatsuccesspeoplehaveachievedThenewcityhastakenonanewlook,withgreat⑩____________intransportation,

industry,

andenvironment.trappedcaresheltersimprovements1.ComparedwithWenchuanEarthquake,whydidTangshanEarthquakecausesuchgreatlosses?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________Peopletooknonoticeofthesignsbeforetheearthquake./Peoplethoughtlittleoftheearthquake./Peopledidn’tmakegoodpreparationsfortheearthquake./Theylackknowledgeabouthowtosurvivetheearthquake./Thebuildingswerenotstrongenoughtoresist...2.Imaginetheroombeginstoshakeandyoumustleaveitrightaway.Youhavetimetotakeonlyonething.Whatwillyoutake?Why?

___________________________________________________________3.Groupwork:Makeaposteraboutearthquakesingroups.

__________________________________________________________Theanswerisopen.Theanswerisopen.閱讀技巧點撥怎樣理清文章的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)？閱讀一篇文章，首先要知道這篇文章是圍繞什么而展開的、是怎樣展開的，這就是文章的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)問題。理清文章和段落的組織結(jié)構(gòu)有助于我們更加清晰地把握文章的脈絡(luò)，理解作者的觀點在文章中是如何提出、展開的。理清了文章結(jié)構(gòu)不但可以幫助我們理解和記憶文章的主要信息，還可以幫助我們極大地提高閱讀效率。學(xué)會有選擇地閱讀，哪些語句可以跳讀、粗讀，哪些語句需要精讀、細讀。本篇文章結(jié)構(gòu)：____________結(jié)構(gòu)；文章是以____________組織的。

分總時間順序語言現(xiàn)象感知Ⅰ.單詞理解體會句中加黑單詞的詞性和含義1.Hewasbleedingfromtheheadandsufferingfromshock.____________2.Hisglasseswereburiedunderapileofpapers.____________n.休克vt.掩埋Ⅱ.詞塊積累

寫出下列詞塊的含義1.tensofthousandsof____________2.burythedead____________3.therestoftheworld____________4.inthewellwalls____________成千上萬的埋葬死者世界其他地方在井壁上Ⅱ.詞塊積累

寫出下列詞塊的含義5.asusual____________6.lookforplacestohide____________7.getuponone’sfeet____________8.becomeahometo_______________和往常一樣尋找藏身之處站起來成為……的家園

Ⅲ.句式欣賞1.同詞重復(fù)表強調(diào) Forseveraldaysthewaterinthevillagewellsroseandfell,roseandfell.2.everywhere用作連詞，引導(dǎo)狀語從句。 Everywheresurvivorslooked,therewasnothingbutruins.3.把無生命的事物當作有生命的事物來描寫，這種方法叫做擬人。

Slowly,thecitybegantobreatheagain. [思考]請你在文中找出類似的擬人句：

_______________________________________________________________Thecitybegantoreviveitselfandgetuponitsfeetagain.ReadingandThinking(2)SectionⅢ

ReadingandThinking(2)Ⅰ.單詞語境記憶——根據(jù)英漢提示寫出單詞的適當形式1.Inordertocatchthebear,somevillagersseta____________(陷阱)andcovereditwithsomeleaves.2.Inspiteofgreat____________(努力),wefailedtocarryoutourplansthrough.3.____________(智慧)isknowingwhattodonext.4.Don’tleavethelightson.Itwastes____________(電).trapeffortsWisdomelectricity5.Jill’slastschoolreport____________(shock)hisparentsintochangingtheiropinion.6.Deathfinallybroughtanendtoher____________(suffer).7.Eversincehemovedthere，he____________(bury)himselfinhisresearchwork.8.Ilikegettingupearlyinthemorning.Themorningairisgoodto____________(breath).shockedsufferinghasburiedbreatheⅡ.短語語境填空——根據(jù)漢語提示寫出適當?shù)亩陶Z1.Thecitylay________________(破敗不堪)aftertheearthquake.Now,rowsofhousesarebeingbuilt.2.ItwasreportedthatanAmericancouplehad________________(掘出)alotofgoldcoinsfromtheirownyard.3.AlthoughIgotupwithaheadache,Iwenttowork________________(像往常一樣).4.Ifwe________________(穿過)thefieldwe’llgettherebeforeFrank.5.Rememberthatsuccessisgettingupjustonemoretimethanyou________________(跌倒).inruinsdugoutasusualcutacrossfalldownⅠ.語境串記多義詞1.Thestormruinedthecrops,andthewholevillagewasalmostinruinsafterthehurricane.

暴風(fēng)雨毀壞了莊稼，整個村子在颶風(fēng)過后幾乎變成了廢墟。2.Assoonasthecatistrapped,completelycoverthetrapandremovethetrapfromthearea.

一旦那只貓被困住，把圈套完全蓋住并把圈套從該地區(qū)移開。

記單詞Ⅱ.構(gòu)詞法助記派生詞名詞后綴：-ing，-ity，-dom1.suffer(v.)→suffering2.electric(adj.)→electricity3.wise(adj.)→wisdomⅢ.句式語境仿寫1.Miceranoutofthefieldslookingforplacestohide,andfishjumpedoutofthewater.老鼠從田里跑出來尋找藏身之處，魚從水里跳了出來。 [仿寫]他整夜躺在床上睡不著，思考著那個問題。 Allnightlonghelayawake,____________________________________.2.Itseemedasiftheworldwerecomingtoanend！仿佛到了世界末日！ [仿寫]

看起來這條河好像不干凈，不能游泳。 _______________________________________theriverisn’tcleanenoughtoswimhere.(陳述語氣)thinkingoftheproblemItlooksasif3.Everywheresurvivorslooked,therewasnothingbutruins.

幸存者們向四周看看，除了廢墟什么也沒有。 [仿寫]無論走到哪里，她都受到熱烈歡迎。

_______________________________,shereceivesawarmwelcome.4.Water，food，andelectricitywerehardtoget.水、食物和電是很難得到的。

[仿寫]他說這個問題不難解決。 Hesaidthattheproblem__________________________________________.Everywhereshegoeswasnotdifficulttosettle句型公式1.現(xiàn)在分詞短語作伴隨狀語。2.Itseems/looksasif...看起來好像……3.everywhere作連詞，意為“無論哪里”，引導(dǎo)狀語從句。4.“主語＋be＋形容詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。UnderstandingincontextTHENIGHTTHEEARTHDIDN’TSLEEPStrangethingswerehappeninginthecountrysideofnortheasternHebei.Forseveraldays，thewaterinthevillagewellsroseandfell,roseandfell.Thereweredeepcracksthatappearedinthewellwalls.Atleastonewellhadsomesmellygascomingoutofit.Chickensandevenpigsweretoonervousto

eat,anddogsrefusedtogoinsidebuildings.Miceranoutofthefieldslookingforplacestohide,andfishjumpedoutofthewater.Atabout3:00amon28July1976,brightlightswereseenintheskyoutsidethecityofTangshanandloudnoiseswereheard.Butthecity’sonemillionpeoplewereasleepasusualthatnight.[文化視窗]地震前常見征兆1.動物表現(xiàn)異常，例如：大量的蛇爬出洞來長距離遷移；家禽家畜不吃不喝，狂叫不止，不進窩圈；大量的老鼠白天出洞，不畏追趕；動物園里的動物萎靡不振，臥地不起等。2.地下水發(fā)生異常，例如：震區(qū)的枯井突然有了水，井水的水位突然大幅度上升或下降，井水由苦變甜、由甜變苦等。1.Chickensandevenpigsweretoonervousto

eat,anddogsrefusedtogoinsidebuildings.雞甚至豬都緊張得不吃東西，狗也拒絕進入建筑物?！揪涫浇庾x】

too...to...意為“太……而不能……”，too修飾形容詞或副詞，to后接動詞原形?！居梅偨Y(jié)】(1)在“too...to...”結(jié)構(gòu)中有時出現(xiàn)可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，而該結(jié)構(gòu)的形式通常為“too＋adj.＋a/an＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)”。①Thesentenceistoodifficultformetotranslate.＝Thesentenceisdifficultenoughformetotranslate.這個句子太難我翻譯不了。②Yourbrotheristooyoungaboytobefitforthework.＝Y(jié)ourbrotherissoyoungaboythatheisnotfitforthework.你弟弟太小還不能勝任這項工作。(2)too...to...結(jié)構(gòu)表示肯定意義的情況當too之后跟表示主語的態(tài)度、情感、心情或傾向的詞，如glad，eager，anxious，happy，ready，nervous，pleased等時。當“too...to...”結(jié)構(gòu)中含有not或never等否定詞時。③Heisjusttooeagertoknowtheresultoftheexam.他只是太想知道考試成績。④Youwillbenevertoocarefultogoacrossthestreet.過馬路時，你再小心也不為過。

[鞏固內(nèi)化]同義句轉(zhuǎn)換①Thehouseisnotcheapenoughformetobuy.→Thehouseis____________________________________________________.→Thehouseis____________________________________________________.②Theproblemistoodifficultformetoworkout.→Theproblemis___________________________________Ican’tworkitout.③Hearingthenews,theteacherwassohappy.→Theteacherwas__________________________________________thenews.tooexpensiveformetobuyexpensiveenoughformetobuysodifficultthattoohappytohearUnderstandingincontextAt3:42am,everythingbegantoshake.Itseemedasiftheworldwerecomingtoanend!Elevenkilometresdirectlybelowthecity,oneofthemostdeadlyearthquakesofthe20thcenturyhadbegun,aquakethatevencauseddamagemorethan150kilometresawayinBeijing.Nearlyonethirdofthewholenationfeltit!Ahugecrack,eightkilometreslongand30metreswide,cutacrosshouses,roads,andwaterways.Hardhillsofrockbecameriversofdirt.Inlessthanoneminute,alargecitylayinruins.Twothirdsofthepeoplewholivedthereweredeadorinjured.Thousandsofchildrenwereleftwithoutparents.Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorbadlyinjuredinthequakewasmorethan400,000.Everywheresurvivorslooked,therewasnothingbutruins.Nearlyeverythinginthecitywasdestroyed.About75percentofthecity’sfactoriesandbuildings,90percentofitshomes,andallofitshospitalsweregone.Brickscoveredthegroundlikeredautumnleaves,butnowindcouldblowthemaway..Mostbridgeshadfallenorwerenotsafetocross.Therailwaytrackswerenowuselesspiecesofmetal.Tensofthousandsofcows,hundredsofthousandsofpigs,andmillionsofchickensweredead.Sandnowfilledthewellsinsteadofwater.Peoplewereinshock—andthen,laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquakeshookTangshanagain.Evenmorebuildingsfelldown.Water,food,andelectricitywerehardtoget.Peoplebegantowonderhowlongthedisasterwouldlast.[文化視窗]20世紀中國3次大地震1.1976年7月28日，中國唐山發(fā)生里氏7.8級大地震，造成242769人死亡。2.1927年5月23日，中國甘肅古浪發(fā)生8.0級地震，死亡4萬余人。3.1920年12月16日，中國寧夏回族自治區(qū)南部海原縣一帶發(fā)生8.5級地震，死亡28.8萬人。

唐山地震災(zāi)情唐山被夷成廢墟，682267間民用建筑中有656136間倒塌或受到嚴重破壞，242769人死亡，164851人重傷，4204個孩子成了孤兒。直接經(jīng)濟損失達30億元人民幣以上。地震罹難場面慘烈到極點，為世界罕見。

2.ruinn.&vt.破壞；毀壞[合作探究]體會ruin的用法和意義Thewholecitylayinruinsaftertheearthquake,whichmadeusawakeallnight.地震之后整個城市成了一片廢墟，這讓我們徹夜未眠。Heavysmokingruinsyourhealth,soyoushouldgiveupsmoking.吸煙過量損害你的健康，因此你應(yīng)該戒煙。2.ruinn.&vt.破壞；毀壞Ifyoudon’tgiveupthecomputergames,you’llruinyourself.如果再不戒掉電腦游戲，你會毀了自己的。Shortlyaftersufferingfromabigearthquakeandbeingreducedtoruins,thecitytookonanewlook.在遭受大地震并淪為廢墟之后不久，這座城市就呈現(xiàn)出新的面貌。[自主發(fā)現(xiàn)]①________________成為廢墟；毀滅②reduce...toruins使……成為廢墟③________________自我毀滅be/lieinruinsruinoneself[鞏固內(nèi)化]補全句子①He____________________throughdrinkingwhenhewasyoung.他年輕時喝酒毀了他的健康。②Threedayslater,thefirewasputoutandsome500blocks____________________.三天后火被撲滅了，大約500個街區(qū)夷為平地。ruinedhishealthlay/wereinruins[思考]表示“破壞”的單詞還有哪些？請說出它們的區(qū)別。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(1)ruin指毀壞某種好的或者有用的東西。用作名詞，意為“毀滅；廢墟”。(2)damage損壞、毀壞，指部分損壞，降低某物的價值，通常接物。(3)destroy指徹底地破壞，一般不可修復(fù)，常作“破壞；毀滅”講。也可以指希望、計劃等的破滅。

3.shockn.震驚；令人震驚的事；休克

vt.(使)震驚shockedadj.震驚的；驚訝的shockingadj.令人震驚的[合作探究]體會shock的用法和意義Ilookedatmyhusbandinshock,waitingforhimtotellmethatIhadmisunderstoodeverything.Butheonlyshookhishead.我震驚地望著丈夫，期待他告訴我，這一切都是我的誤解。但他只是搖了搖頭。Hissituationwasagreatshocktousall.他的處境使我們大家都大為震驚。Iwasshockedtohearthatourfactorywouldhavetoclose.聽說我們工廠將被迫關(guān)閉，我非常震驚。Thenewsofhissuddendeathissoshockingthateveryoneisveryshockedatit.他突然死亡的消息如此令人震驚，以至于每個人聽到時都感到很震驚。[自主發(fā)現(xiàn)]①____________shock

震驚；吃驚②beashockto...使……吃驚③________________

做某事很吃驚④beshocked____________對……感到震驚inbeshockedtodosth.at[鞏固內(nèi)化]完成語段People________________thattheUFOwasflyingoverthecity.The____________news____________allthepeoplearound,whichwasalsoagreat____________peoplealloverthecountry.人們十分吃驚地發(fā)現(xiàn)不明飛行物在這座城市的上空飛行，這個讓人震驚的消息震動了周圍的人們，也使全國各地的人們感到震驚。[思考]請說出shocked和shocking的區(qū)別。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________wereshockedtoseeshockingshockedshocktoshockedadj.“感到震驚的”，表示人的心理狀態(tài)和心理感受；shockingadj.“令人震驚的”，說明事物的性質(zhì)、特征、特點等。

4.Itseemedasiftheworldwerecomingtoanend!仿佛到了世界末日！【句式解讀】asif＝asthough“仿佛；好像”，可用來引導(dǎo)表語從句和方式狀語從句?！居梅偨Y(jié)】(1)如果所引導(dǎo)的從句表示的情況是真實的或是極有可能發(fā)生的，從句要用陳述語氣。4.Itseemedasiftheworldwerecomingtoanend!仿佛到了世界末日！(2)當說話人所陳述的是不真實的或極不可能發(fā)生或存在的情況時，從句要用虛擬語氣?！と绻麖木浔硎九c現(xiàn)在事實相反，謂語動詞用一般過去時?！と绻麖木浔硎九c過去事實相反，謂語動詞用“had＋過去分詞”。·如果從句表示與將來事實相反，謂語動詞用“would/could/might＋動詞原形”。①Hurryup!Itlooksasifthetrainisgoingtomove.快點！看起來火車要開了。②ItwasJohnwhobrokethewindow.WhyareyoutalkingtomeasifIhaddone

it?打破窗戶的是約翰。為什么你說得好像是我打破的似的？③Heopenedhismouthasifhewouldsaysomething.＝Heopenedhismouthasiftosaysomething.他張開嘴好像要說什么。[鞏固內(nèi)化]單句語法填空①Tomshookhisheadasif________________(say),“Don’ttrusther.”②HetreatsmeasifI____________(be)hisowndaughter.③Theytalkedasif/thoughthey________________(be)friendsforyears.[名師提醒]

asif/asthough引導(dǎo)狀語從句時的省略原則。asif/asthough引導(dǎo)狀語從句時，如果主語和主句的主語一致，且從句含be動詞時，可省略狀語從句的主語和be動詞。從句的結(jié)構(gòu)是asif/asthough＋名詞/動詞不定式/形容詞(短語)/介詞短語/分詞等。tosaywerehadbeenUnderstandingincontextButhopewasnotlost.Soonafterthequakes,thearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshantodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.