Unit15Learning語(yǔ)法篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。2、名詞性從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。3、其他虛擬情況。條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣在虛擬條件狀語(yǔ)從句和主句中的用法：時(shí)間 虛擬條件狀語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ) 主句謂語(yǔ)與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 did(were) would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反 haddone would/should/could/might+havedone與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反 did(were)/weretodo/shoulddo would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形例：IfIhadtime,Iwouldattendtheimportantmeeting.Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youcouldhavepassedtheexam.Ifyoucame/weretocome/shouldcometomorrow,wewouldholdtheparty.省略if的虛擬條件句：在虛擬條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，可省略if，把were,should,had提到句首，變?yōu)榈寡b句式。例：Shouldhecome(=Ifheshouldcome),Iwouldtellhimtoringyouup.錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句如果主句和從句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，被稱為錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句。例：Ifyouhadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,youwouldbebetternow.含蓄條件句句中沒(méi)有明顯的虛擬條件狀語(yǔ)從句，而是利用其它手段來(lái)代替條件狀語(yǔ)從句，如用butfor,without,or,otherwise等。例：Butforyourhelp,wecouldn’thavesucceedintheexperiment.名詞性從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣在某些表示“命令，要求，建議”等的動(dòng)詞，名詞以及形容詞存在的主語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句，同位語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)為：(should)+動(dòng)詞原形。常這樣用的動(dòng)詞有：一堅(jiān)持：insist二命令：order,command四建議：suggest(suggestionn.),advise(advicen.),propose(proposaln.),recommend五要求：require(requirementn.),request,demand,desire,urge例：Thegraduateinsistedthathe(should)gotoworkinthesouth.（賓語(yǔ)從句）Weagreedtoorderthatthetask(should)becompleted.（同位語(yǔ)從句）Hisdemandisthattheboy(should)gowiththem.（表語(yǔ)從句）Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputofftillnext.（主語(yǔ)從句）當(dāng)suggest表示“暗示，表明”之意時(shí)，insist表示“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，堅(jiān)持說(shuō)”之意時(shí)，后接的賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)當(dāng)用陳述語(yǔ)氣。例：Hissilencesuggestedthatheagreedwithmydecision.在wouldrather后的賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)如果表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；如果表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。例：IwouldratherIleftnow.Iwouldratheryoucamenextmonth.Iwouldratherhehadpassedtheexam.在wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣分類從句謂語(yǔ)與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 did(were)與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反 haddone與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反 would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形例：Iwishyouwouldgowithustomorrow.IwishIhadtoldhimthewaytothesupermarket.IwishthatIwereabird.其他虛擬情況在ifonly引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣分類從句謂語(yǔ)與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 did(were)與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反 haddone與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反 would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形例：IfonlyIwereyoungernow.IfonlyIhadknownthenewsearlier.onlyif表示“只有…（才）”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。例：Itoldhimhewouldsucceedonlyifheworkedhard.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在asif/asthough（好像）引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句和方式狀語(yǔ)從句中的用法分類從句謂語(yǔ)與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 did(were)與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反 haddone例：Helooksasifhewereanartist.Irememberitclearlyasifithadhappenedyesterday.當(dāng)句子敘述的是真實(shí)的或極有可能發(fā)生的或存在的事實(shí)時(shí)，從句要用陳述語(yǔ)氣。例：Itsoundsasifitisraining.用于It’s(high/right)time(that)…“是該干…的時(shí)候了”句型中，從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式或“should+動(dòng)詞原形”。例：It’s(high)timethatyouwent/shouldgotobed.Mygrandpainsistedthathe_____injuredand_____tothehospital.be,besentwas,wassentbe,wassentwas,besent解析：句意：我爺爺堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為他受傷了，堅(jiān)決要求把他送到醫(yī)院。本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句和虛擬語(yǔ)氣。Insist意為“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”時(shí)，其后所帶的賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣，故第一空用was;意為“堅(jiān)決要求”時(shí)，其后所帶的賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”，故答案為D。答案：D。例2.ItwasJohnwhobrokethewindow.WhyareyoutalkingtomeasifI_____it?HaddoneHavedonedidamdoing解析：句意：是約翰打壞的窗戶，你為什么和我說(shuō)呢？好像是我打壞的一樣。本題考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。第一句已經(jīng)說(shuō)明是John打壞的窗戶，所以第二句中asif后面要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，而且是對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬，所以要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，故選A。答案：A。例3.（2015北京豐臺(tái)高三二模）—Sorryindeed,I_____yourweddingifIhadbeeninBeijing.—Forgetit.Iknowyouwereoutonbusiness.attendedhadattendedwouldattendwouldhaveattended解析：句意：確實(shí)很抱歉，如果我在北京的話，我肯定會(huì)參加你的婚禮的。算了吧，我知道那時(shí)你在外出差。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，前者沒(méi)有參加后者的婚禮。由此可知，空格處應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬。答案：D。例4.（2015北京通州高三一模）Ifhe_____myadvice,hewouldn’thavelosthisjob.A.followedB.shouldfollowC.wouldfollowD.hadfollowed解析：句意：如果他聽(tīng)了我的建議，他就不會(huì)失業(yè)了。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境并結(jié)合句中“hewouldn’thavelosthisjob”可知此空是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，if從句應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。故答案選D。答案：D。例5.（2015北京通州高三二模）Wewouldhavewonifwe_____thousandsoffansscreaning.A.hadhadB.hadC.havehadD.Have解析：句意：如果我們有成千上萬(wàn)的粉絲為之吶喊，那我們已經(jīng)取得勝利了。根據(jù)“wouldhavewon”可知，本句為對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬，所以if引導(dǎo)的條件句要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，故答案選D。答案：D?；A(chǔ)演練一，單項(xiàng)選擇。Mymomsuggeststhatwe_____eatoutforachangethisweekend.Should B.might C.could D.would2.Eyedoctorsrecommendthatachild’sfirsteyeexam_____attheageofsixmonthsold.was B.be C.were D.is3.—Wherearethechildren?Thedinner’sgoingtobecompletelyruined.—Iwishthey_____alwayslate.weren’t B.hadn’tbeen C.wouldn’tbe D.wouldn’thavebeen4.IfonlyI_____moreconfidenceintheEnglishspeechcontestheldlastweek.A.wouldhave B.havehad C.hadhad D.have5.Jackisagreattalker.It’shightimethathe______somethinginsteadofjusttalking.A.willdo B.hasdone C.do D.did6.I’dappreciate_____ifyoucouldteachmehowtousethecomputer.A.that B.it C.this D.you7.Whatimpressesmemostis_____heappearsinfrontofothers,hewearsascienceandcharmingsmile.A.which B.that C.where D.thatwhatever8.（2015北京房山高三二模）WithoutyourgoodadviceoflearningEnglish,I_____thetestlastweek.A.didn’tpass B.wouldn’tpass C.wouldn’thavepassed D.hadn’tpassed9.（2015北京豐臺(tái)高三一模）Withalittlemorecare,you_____thetrafficaccident.It’sluckythatyoujusthurtyourarm.A.canavoid B.avoided C.hadavoided D.couldhaveavoided10.（2015北京東城高三二模）ImightspeakFrenchfluentlyifI_____thechancetostayinFranceforsometime.A.ambeinggiven B.weregiven C.willbegiven D.wouldbegivenKeys：1-10ABACDBDCAB鞏固提高完成句子?！麄兙烤谷ツ睦锪?？—我不知道，但我希望我知道?！猈hereonearthhavetheygone?—Ihavenoidea,butIwishI_________(know).—他明天要來(lái)?！覍幵杆筇靵?lái)?！狧ewillcometomorrow.—ButI’dratherhe__________(come)thedayaftertomorrow.你該做家務(wù)活了。Itishightimethatyou________________thehousework.要是某一天我能到月球上去多好啊！IfonlyI____________________tothemoononeday.他說(shuō)起羅馬來(lái)好像他以前去過(guò)那里。HetalksaboutRomanasifhe___________________therebefore.Keys：1.Know 2.came 3.shoulddo 4.couldgo 5.hadbeen一，單項(xiàng)選擇。1.Ineedtimeto_____onwhatyouoffered.A.consider B.reflect C.imagine D.suggest2.Afriendislikeamirror.Whenyoustandinfrontofatruefriend,whatis______backtoyou.reflecting B.toreflectC.beingreflected D.beenreflected3.Playingvideogamescanmakechildrenaggressiveand_____attentiondisorders.Sochildrenwhoplayvideogamesalotseemtohavemoretroubleinschool.A.contributeto B.resultfromC.liein D.comeabout4.Itishardforsuchalittlechildrento_____thedifferencebetweenrightandwrong.select B.distinguish C.instruct D.reflect5.Thesuccessofamarriagedependsontheextent_____whichyouarepreparedtoworkatit.to B.in C.on D.of—Excuseme,youaresupposedtohandinyourdesignnow.—I’msorry,mycomputerbrokedown,orI_____itlastnight.A.finished B.wouldfinish C.hadfinished D.wouldhavefinished7.Theemployeetalkedabouthiseducationbackground,butthemanagerwouldratherhe_____moreonhisworkingexperience,A.focus B.focused C.occupy D.reflect8.Teachersrecommendparents_____theirchildrenunder12toridebicyclestoschoolforsafety.A.notallow B.donotallow C.mustn’tallowD.couldn’tallow二，根據(jù)句意用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空?！狣oyouliketheschool?—Yeah.Ionlywishtheclasses___________(be)alittlesmaller.WiththeSpringFestivalapproaching,theexperts’suggestionthattickets_________(book)onlineisofvitalpractice.Expertssuggestthatpeopleshould__________(take)upsomehobbies,whichmayhelpreducepressureanddepression.Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,butI’dratherhe__________(focus)moreonitsculture.Thestoryissovivid—IfeelasifI__________(be)there.LookatthetroubleIamin!IfonlyI__________(be)morecarefulwhendriving.Heisapoorlylearnedman,betheactsasthoughhe__________(be).Keys: 一，1-8BAABADDA二，1.were 2.bebooked3.take 4.focused5.were 6.Hadbeen7.were__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________一，完型填空。AbrahamLincoln(亞伯拉罕.林肯)wasbornin1809.Atthattime,theUnitedStatesdidnotlooklikethe1thatweknowtoday.Therewere2states,asyoucanseeonthe3.MostofthestateswereintheEastandtheSouth,andtherewereonlytwostatesintheWest,4thecoastandthemountains.ThestatewhereLincolnwasbornwasinthe5ofthecountrybetweentheNorthandtheSouth.Hisfatherwasafarmerwho6hadmuchmoney,7hisfamilyoftendidnotevenhaveenoughfoodto8.LittleAbrahamhadtoworkonhisfather’s9whenhewasonlysixyearsold.Inthosedays,ifparentswantedtosendtheir10toschool,theyhadto11theteachersthatrantheschool.Abraham’sfathercouldnotreadorwrite,andhedidnotthinktheboy12anyschooling(學(xué)校教育).“Abe’slifewillnotbedifferentifhecanreadandwrite,”hesaid.“Andpoorpeoplehaven’tanythingtocount,soAbewillnot13arithmetic(算術(shù)).”ButAbe’smotherdidnot14him,andwhenateachercametoopenaschool,Abe’smothermanaged(設(shè)法)to15enoughmoneytosendAbeandhissisterthere.Abelovedschool16thefirstday,andhewasalwaysthe17pupilinhisclass,buthewasaboy18otherboysandhewasnotconfident.Helearnedtoreadandwriteveryquickly,andinoneofhisschoolbookshe19:AbrahamLincoln,Hishandandpen;Hewillbegood,ButGodknows20.1.A.world B.country C.capital D.state2.A.many B.more C.smaller D.fewer3.A.blackboard B.wall C.map D.door4.A.between B.among C.over D.nextto5.A.edge B.centre C.back D.middle6.A.usually B.ever C.never D.all7.A.so B.because C.then D.but8.A.wear B.plant C.grow D.eat9.A.farm B.playground C.island D.mountain10.A.brothers B.children C.sons D.daughters11.A.help B.cost C.pay D.spend12.A.needed B.wanted C.loved D.tried13.A.read B.learn C.copy D.teach14.A.refuse B.explain C.agreewith D.hearof15.A.steal B.rob C.find D.save16.A.from B.at C.in D.on17.A.oldest B.youngest C.best D.richest18.A.like B.as C.for D.towards19.A.said B.wrote C.sang D.played20.A.why B.what C.when D.where二，寫(xiě)作。如何理解“成功”，不同的人有不同的看法。請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下面的引語(yǔ)（quotation），按要求用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇短文。Successistheabilitytogofromonefailuretoanotherwithnolossofenthusiasm.—SirWinstonChurchill內(nèi)容要求：你對(duì)該引語(yǔ)的理解；你的相關(guān)經(jīng)歷；恰當(dāng)?shù)慕Y(jié)尾。注意：短文開(kāi)頭已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)；文中不能出現(xiàn)考生的具體信息；詞數(shù)：120左右。ThisquotationfromWinstonChurchilltellsusthat_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________