專題13

科技與創(chuàng)新（2篇+6篇）

話題角度：發(fā)明與科技（完形填空B：2018；選擇型閱讀理解：2021D，2019D，2017C；還原型閱讀理解：2017-2016）

【教材語篇鏈接】單元單元八年級(jí)（上）Unit7未來的生活九年級(jí)（全）Unit6發(fā)明九年級(jí)（全）Unit5中國制造的事物教材優(yōu)質(zhì)語篇讀寫練課外語篇拓展練Passage

1

【人教八年級(jí)（上）Unit

7

Section

B

2b,P53】

When

we

watch

movies

about

the

future,

we

sometimes

see

robots.

They

are

usually

like

human

servants.

They

help

with

the

housework

and

do

jobs

like

working

in

dirty

or

dangerous

places.

Today

there

are

already

robots

working

in

factories.

Some

can

help

to

build

cars,

and

they

do

simple

jobs

over

and

over

again.

Fewer

people

will

do

such

jobs

in

the

future

because

they

are

boring,

but

robots

will

never

get

bored.

Scientists

are

now

trying

to

make

robots

look

like

humans

and

do

the

same

things

as

we

do.

Some

robots

in

Japan

can

walk

and

dance.

They

are

fun

to

watch.

However,

some

scientists

believe

that

although

we

can

make

robots

move

like

people,

it

will

be

difficult

to

make

them

really

think

like

a

human.

For

example,

scientists

James

White

thinks

that

robots

will

never

be

able

to

wake

up

and

know

where

they

are.

But

many

scientists

disagree

with

Mr.

White.

They

think

that

robots

will

even

be

able

to

talk

like

humans

in

25

to

50

years.

Some

scientists

believe

that

there

will

be

more

robots

in

the

future.

However,

they

agree

it

may

take

hundreds

of

years.

These

new

robots

will

have

many

different

shapes.

Some

will

look

like

humans,

and

others

might

look

like

animals.

In

India,

for

example,

scientists

make

robots

that

look

like

snakes.

If

buildings

fall

down

with

people

inside,

these

snake

robots

can

help

look

for

people

under

the

buildings.

This

was

not

possible

20

years

ago,

but

computers

and

rockets

also

seemed

impossible

100

years

ago.

We

never

know

what

will

happen

in

the

future!【I

know

them】1.help

with_________________在……方面幫助2.dangerous

adj._________→danger（n.）_______短語：________________________處于（極大）危險(xiǎn)之中危險(xiǎn)的危險(xiǎn)be

in

（great）

danger3.over

and

over

again_______________多次；反復(fù)地4.scientists

n._________→_________（n.）科學(xué)→___________（adj.）科學(xué)的科學(xué)家sciencescientific5.the

same...

as...___________________和……一樣的……6.disagree

with_________不同意倒塌8.fall

v._______→______（過去式）→________（過去分詞）fellfallen可能的9.possible

adj._________→____________（反義詞）不可能的短語：___________________________盡可能快地impossibleas

soon/quickly

as

possible7.hundreds

of_______________________數(shù)以百計(jì)的；許許多多【I

can

think】選擇正確答案(

)1.How

many

functions

of

robots

are

mentioned

in

the

first

three

paragraphs?A.

3.

B.

4.

C.

5.

D.

6.B(

)2.What

can

we

know

from

the

passage?A.

Robots

cannot

work

in

dirty

places.B.

All

of

the

scientists

believe

robots

will

have

their

own

mind.C.

With

the

development

of

the

technology,

robots

can

do

more

and

more

work.D.

In

the

future,

there

will

be

more

robots

and

less

human

beings.C【I

can

express】一、句子仿寫1.They

are

usually

like

human

servants._________________________________________________Creative

minds

are

usually

like

lights

in

the

dark.2.It

will

be

difficult

to

make

them

really

think

like

a

human.__________________________________________It

is

important

to

use

technology

properly.二、回答問題1.What

does

the

passage

mainly

talk

about?___________________________________________________________________________________________The

passage

mainly

introduces

several

kinds

of

robots

and

talks

about

something

about

robots.2.What

do

you

think

is

the

writer’s

attitude（態(tài)度）

towards

the

future

robots?______________________Positive

（attitude）.3.What

kind

of

robots

do

you

want

to

have?

What

does

it

look

like

in

your

mind?_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________I

want

a

robot

that

can

teach

me

to

work

out

difficult

problems

when

I

do

my

homework./I

want

a

robot

that

can

protect

me

when

I

am

in

danger.

I

hope

it

looks

like

a

lovely

cat/cool

boy.Passage

2

【滬教八年級(jí)（下）Unit

8,P115】The

Hotel

Whale

The

Hotel

Whale

is

built

under

the

water.

It

is

in

the

shape

of

a

whale.

This

hotel

has

50

bedrooms,

a

cafe

and

a

shopping

centre.

Mrs

Peng:“When

we

were

staying

at

the

hotel

recently,

my

children

watched

the

fish

outside

their

bedroom

window.

They

were

never

bored!”Forever

Green

HousesThese

houses

are

both

“green”

and

“smart”.

There

is

glass

outside

the

houses.

Heat

is

held

under

the

glass

and

is

then

used

as

energy

for

each

house.

In

the

bathroom,

your

medicine

cupboard

is

connected

to

your

doctor’s

computer.

In

the

kitchen,

your

smart

fridge

tells

the

supermarket’s

computer

when

you

need

more

food.

Mr

Yu:“When

we

were

living

in

our

old

house,

we

used

more

energy.

I

would

certainly

recommend

Forever

Green

Houses

to

my

friends.

They

will

satisfy

everyone.”

The

CJ3

is

a

new

type

of

hydrogen

car.

The

hydrogen

in

the

car

is

mixed

with

oxygen

from

the

air

to

make

electricity

for

the

car.

The

CJ3

has

an

electronic

map

and

is

driven

by

a

computer.

You

tell

the

computer

where

you

want

to

go.

Then

you

sit

back

and

relax

as

the

car

takes

you

there.

Mr

Hu:“While

I

drived

my

old

car,

I

was

polluting

the

city.

Now

with

the

new

technology

in

my

CJ3,

I’m

helping

protect

the

environment.”The

CJ3【I

know

them】1.in

the

shape

of_______________呈……的形狀2.staying

v._______________待在（某地）3.smart

adj._________智能的4.held

v._______→_______（原形）儲(chǔ)存hold5.be

used

as_________被用作6.energy

n._______能量7.medicine

cupboard_______藥柜8.connected

v._____________→____________（n.）連接（使）連接connection9.a

type

of_____________一種類型的10.be

mixed

with..._____________與……混合11.oxygen

n.___________氧；氧氣12.electricity

n._______電力13.polluting

v._______→___________（n.）污染污染pollution14.protect

v._______保護(hù)【I

can

think】選擇正確答案(

)1.What

can

people

do

in

the

Hotel

Whale

according

to

the

passage?A.

Drink

coffee,

sleep

and

go

shopping.B.

Drink

coffee,

go

hiking

and

buy

a

car.C.

Eat,

drive

and

go

shopping.D.

Watch

movies,

go

shopping

and

drive

a

car.A(

)2.What

are

the

advantages

of

the

CJ3？A.

Green

and

safe.

B.

Safe

and

beautiful.C.

Smart

and

green.

D.

Smart

and

safe.C【I

can

express】句子仿寫1.It

is

in

the

shape

of

a

whale._________________________________________________The

cooking

machine

is

in

the

shape

of

a

human.2.In

the

bathroom,

your

medicine

cupboard

is

connected

to

your

doctor’s

computer._______________________________________________________________________________________People

can

use

any

computer

which

is

connected

to

the

Internet

to

search

for

information.3.Heat

is

held

under

the

glass

and

is

then

used

as

energy

for

each

house.___________________________________________________The

heat

from

the

sun

is

used

as

a

kind

of

energy.Passage

1【2021江西閱讀D】【讀前預(yù)先練】1.invented

v._______→___________（n.）發(fā)明→__________（n.）發(fā)明者發(fā)明inventioninventor2.amazing

adj._____________令人驚嘆的3.more

than_______超過4.life-size

model

elephant_____________________實(shí)物大小的大象模型5.alive

adj._________活著的6.model

bird_________鳥模型7.dragons

n._____龍工程師8.engineer

n._________可能9.probably

adv._______歷史學(xué)家10.historians

n.___________工程學(xué)11.engineering

n._________洗手機(jī)12.hand-washing

machine_________繪畫13.drawings

n._______日常用品14.everyday

things___________現(xiàn)代機(jī)器人15.modern-day

robot_____________碗16.bowl

n._____在……里面17.inside

prep._________繩索18.rope

n._______人形19.human

figure_______引起某物做某事20.cause

sth.

to

do

sth._________________移動(dòng)；運(yùn)動(dòng)21.movement

n._____________鳳凰22.phoenix

n._______獵鷹23.falcon

n._______尾巴24.tail

n._______花瓶25.vase

n._______循環(huán)26.cycle

n._______

Eight

hundred

years

ago,

a

man

in

southern

Turkey

invented

an

amazing

clock.

It

was

more

than

7

meters

high.

At

its

base（基座）was

a

life-size

model

elephant.

Every

half

hour,

something

amazing

happened.

The

whole

clock

came

alive:

Model

birds,

dragons,

and

people

started

to

move.

The

clock’s

inventor

was

an

engineer

named

al-Jazari.

He

lived

in

Turkey.

Al-Jazari

was

probably

one

of

the

greatest

engineers

in

history.

Some

historians

call

him

“the

father

of

modern-day

engineering”.

We

know

about

al-Jazari

mostly

from

a

book

that

he

wrote.

They

include

clocks

and

hand-washing

machines.

The

book

also

has

drawings

that

show

how

each

machine

works.Many

everyday

things

today—from

toys

to

car

engines（發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)）—still

use

al-Jazari’s

ideas.

Without

his

machines

with

moving

parts,

we

might

not

have

modern-day

robots.

Today,

it

is

still

possible

to

see

what

al-Jazari’s

elephant

clock

looked

like.

A

full-size

working

model

is

in

Dubai’s

Ibn

Battuta

Mall.

There,

every

half

hour,

al-Jazari’s

most

amazing

invention

comes

to

life

once

again.

Every

half

hour,

the

water

bowl

becomes

full

and

sinks

completely.

This

causes

a

ball

to

fall

from

the

top

of

the

clock.

The

movement

of

the

ball

causes

a

phoenix

to

move

and

make

a

sound.

The

ball

then

drops

out

of

a

falcon’s

mouth

into

the

mouth

of

a

Chinese

dragon.

The

weight

of

the

ball

causes

the

dragon’s

head

to

move

down,

and

the

dragon’s

tail

pulls

the

water

bowl

back

up.

How

Does

the

Elephant

Clock

Work?

A

bowl

with

a

small

hole

floats（?。﹊n

a

water

tank（水箱）inside

the

elephant’s

body.

As

the

bowl

slowly

sinks（下沉）,

it

pulls

a

rope

that

moves

a

human

figure.

His

moving

pen

shows

the

number

of

minutes

past

the

hour.(

)1.Why

is

al-Jazari

called

“the

father

of

modern-day

engineering”?A.

His

ideas

are

still

widely

used

in

machines.B.

The

elephant

clock

is

an

amazing

invention.C.

His

inventions

include

some

parts

of

modern

robots.D.

His

book

about

machines

is

still

popular

with

readers.A

Finally,

the

ball

drops

out

of

the

dragon’s

mouth

and

into

a

vase.

As

the

ball

lands

in

the

vase,

the

elephant

driver

moves

and

makes

a

sound.

The

cycle

begins

again

until

there

are

no

more

balls

in

the

top

of

the

clock.(

)2.Choose

the

best

sentence

to

fill

in

the

blank

“

”

in

Paragraph

3.A.

He

became

famous

when

he

was

a

young

man.B.

He

invented

a

lot

of

everyday

machines

in

history.C.

It

describes

a

number

of

machines

of

all

shapes

and

sizes.D.

People

in

Turkey

enjoy

reading

his

books

in

their

free

time.C(

)3.What

does

the

underlined

word

“This”

in

Paragraph

7

refer

to?A.

The

pen

moves.

B.

The

ball

drops.C.

The

bowl

sinks

completely.

D.

The

bowl

pulls

the

rope.C(

)4.How

does

the

elephant

clock

work?

Put

the

steps

in

the

correct

order.a.

The

ball

drops

into

the

vase.b.

The

ball

drops

into

the

dragon’s

mouth.c.

The

elephant

driver

moves

and

makes

a

sound.d.

After

30

minutes,

a

ball

starts

to

fall

from

the

top.e.

The

bowl

moves

down

in

the

water

and

pulls

on

ropes.A.

b-d-a-c-e

B.

e-d-b-a-c

C.

a-e-b-d-c

D.

c-a-d-e-bB【I

can

express】一、句子仿寫1.It

was

more

than

7

meters

high._________________________________________My

brother

is

more

than

1.8

meters

tall.2.The

book

also

has

drawings

that

show

how

each

machine

works._______________________________________________________The

shop

has

all

the

nice

things

that

you

want

to

have.3.Without

his

machines

with

moving

parts,

we

might

not

have

modern-day

robots.___________________________________________________________________________________________________Without

my

teacher’s

encouragement,

I

might

not

have

the

chance

to

stand

here

and

give

you

a

speech.5.This

causes

a

ball

to

fall

from

the

top

of

the

clock._____________________________________________________________________________The

failure

in

the

contest

causes

him

to

lose

the

chance

to

study

in

that

school.4.As

the

bowl

slowly

sinks（下沉）,

it

pulls

a

rope

that

moves

a

human

figure._____________________________________________________________________As

time

passes

by,

we

grow

up

and

know

how

to

care

for

our

parents.二、回答問題1.How

do

you

like

the

clock

invented

by

al-Jazari？Why

do

you

have

such

a

feeling？_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________I

think

it

is

really

a

wonderful

invention.

The

reason

why

I

think

it

is

wonderful

is

that

the

inventor

used

many

things

to

create

a

magical

effect

and

it

is

still

in

use

today.2.Do

you

want

to

be

a

inventor

in

the

future?

Why

or

why

not?___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yes,

I

do.

I

want

to

be

an

inventor

because

I

think

inventors

have

the

ability

to

make

people’s

life

better

and

better.No,

I

don’t.

The

reason

is

that

I

think

an

inventor

should

be

very

creative,

but

I

am

not

a

creative

boy/girl.

I

think

it

is

a

better

idea

to

do

something

I

am

good

at

in

the

future.Passage

2

【2021郴州閱讀C改編】【讀前預(yù)先練】1.normally

adv.___________________→_________（adj.）通常的；平常的通常，正常情況下normal2.voice

control___________語音控制3.spaceships

n.___________宇宙飛船4.reply

to_____________回答；答復(fù)5.set

alarms___________設(shè)定鬧鐘6.convenient

adj._________________→_____________（n.）

便利；便捷便利的；方便的convenience7.pick

up___________________拿起；接送；撿起8.type

away_____________不停地打字當(dāng)時(shí)9.at

the

moment_______軟件10.software

n._______有幫助的11.helpful

adj.___________→__________（反義詞）無助的helpless口語的12.spoken

adj._________→________（原形）→________（過去式）→_________（過去分詞）speakspokespoken把某物轉(zhuǎn)換成……13.turn

sth.

into...___________________翻譯14.translate

v.

_______→____________（n.）翻譯；譯文搭配：_________________把……翻譯成……translationo...

Computers,

smartphones,

and

other

machines

are

the

perfect

servants.

They

always

do

what

they

are

“told”.

We

usually

“tell”

them

to

do

things

by

using

a

mouse

or

keyboard.

But

what

if

we

could

just

talk

to

them

normally

and

tell

them

what

to

do?

This

type

of

technology,

known

as

voice

control

or

voice

recognition（識(shí)別）,

has

been

shown

in

films

and

TV

shows

since

the

1960s.

The

TV

show

Star

Trek

showed

some

spaceships

which

could

reply

to

human

voice

commands（命令）.

The

film

2001:

A

Space

Odyssey

showed

a

computer

that

human

astronauts

could

talk

to.

It

was

mainly

used

to

play

chess

and

repair

the

astronauts’

spaceship.

On

the

other

hand,

real-world

voice

recognition

is

used

for

more

everyday

tasks.

For

example,

Apple

and

Amazon

made

two

pieces

of

voice

recognition

software（軟件）.

They

can

be

asked

to

do

many

things,

such

as

setting

alarms,

playing

music

and

so

on.

One

of

the

nice

things

about

voice

recognition

is

that

it

can

be

used

when

we’re

on

the

go.

When

you’re

driving

a

car

or

walking

down

the

street,

it’s

not

convenient

or

even

dangerous

to

pick

up

your

smartphone

and

type

away

on

the

keyboard.

Voice

recognition

allows

you

to

focus

on

whatever

you’re

doing

at

the

moment

while

still

doing

other

tasks.

Speech

recognition

software

is

also

helpful

to

deaf

people.

It

can

be

used

to

“l(fā)isten”

to

spoken

words

and

turn

them

into

text

that

deaf

people

can

read.

Some

speech

recognition

software

can

even

hear

words

spoken

in

one

language

and

then

translate

them

into

another

language.(

)1.According

to

Paragraph

1,

how

do

we

usually

control

machines

in

daily

life?A.

By

using

body

language.

B.

By

talking

to

them.C.

By

using

a

mouse

or

keyboard.

D.

By

connecting

them

to

the

electricity.C(

)2.When

was

voice

recognition

first

shown

in

films

and

TV

shows?A.

In

the

1980s.

B.

In

the

1970s.

C.

In

the

1960s.

D.

In

the

1950s.C(

)3.How

does

voice

recognition

help

to

keep

you

safe

while

driving

a

car?A.

It

helps

you

to

focus

on

what

you

are

doing.B.

It

allows

you

to

type

on

the

keyboard

more

conveniently.C.

It

can

control

your

car

for

a

short

while.D.

It

can

help

you

to

receive

phone

calls

safely.A(

)4.In

the

last

paragraph,

what

can

we

infer

about

the

speech

recognition

software?A.

It

can

hear

words

spoken

in

English

and

then

translate

them

into

Chinese.B.

It

can

turn

text

into

spoken

words

for

the

blind.C.

It

can

help

you

do

anything

that

you

want

to

do.D.

It

can

help

imitate

others’

voices.A(

)5.Where

do

you

probably

read

the

passage?A.

In

a

movie

ad.

B.

In

a

science

magazine.C.

In

a

sports

magazine.

D.

In

a

travel

magazine.B【I

can

express】一、句子仿寫1.This

type

of

technology,

known

as

voice

control

or

voice

recognition（識(shí)別）,

has

been

shown

in

films

and

TV

shows

since

the

1960s.____________________________________________________________________________________This

novel

writer,

known

as

the

black

horse,

has

written

three

best-selling

books

so

far.2.It’s

not

convenient

or

even

dangerous

to

pick

up

your

smartphone

and

type

away

on

the

keyboard._______________________________________________________It’s

wonderful

to

have

a

family

trip

during

the

holidays.二、回答問題1.What

do

you

think

is

the

disadvantage

of

voice

recognition?__________________________________________________________________________________It

will

make

people

become

bad

at

handwriting./It

may

cause

some

unnecessary

noise.2.What

else

do

you

think

voice

recognition

can

be

used

for?___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________I

think

the

voice

recognition

can

be

used

for

setting

a

voice

lock

on

the

phone./I

think

the

voice

recognition

can

be

used

for

paying

bills.三、長難句分析1.One

of

the

nice

things

about

voice

recognition

is

that

it

can

be

used

when

we’re

on

the

go.該句是一個(gè)“主+系+表”結(jié)構(gòu)的句子，其主語為_____________________________________________，系動(dòng)詞為is，表語為由_______引導(dǎo)的表語從句it

can

be

used

when

we’re

on

the

go。本句意為：_______________________________________________One

of

the

nice

things

about

voice

recognitionthat語音識(shí)別的一個(gè)好處是它可以在我們忙碌時(shí)使用。Passage

3【讀前預(yù)先練】1.spend

time

doing

sth._________________花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事2.be

required

to

do

sth._______________被要求做某事3.__________________負(fù)擔(dān)得起做某事afford

to

do

sth.4.industrialized

v._________→__________（n.）工業(yè)工業(yè)化industry5._________________看起來好像……It

seems

that...6.no

longer_______不再7.be

likely

to

do

sth._______________有可能做某事8.decide

on_________________就……做出決定9.___________與……相關(guān)relate

to在于；位于10.lie

in_____________導(dǎo)致11.lead

to_______錯(cuò)誤的；不正確的12.mistaken

adj.___________________→__________（v.）誤會(huì)；誤解

（n.）錯(cuò)誤mistake儲(chǔ)存；保存13.stored

v._____________依賴，依靠14.depend

upon_____________例如15.such

as_______at

risk

of16.____________冒著……的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)只要17.as

long

as_______毫無疑問地18.unquestionably

adv._____________How

Much

Can

We

Afford

to

Forget?

In

2018,

Science

magazine

asked

some

young

scientists

what

schools

should

teach

students.

Most

said

students

should

spend

less

time

memorizing

facts

and

have

more

space

for

creative

activities.

As

the

Internet

grows

more

powerful,

students

can

access（獲得）

knowledge

easily.

Why

should

they

be

required

to

carry

so

much

of

it

around

in

their

heads?

Civilizations（文明）

develop

through

forgetting

life

skills

that

were

oncenecessary.

In

the

Agricultural（農(nóng)業(yè)的）

Age,

a

farmer

could

afford

to

forget

hunting

skills.

When

societies

industrialized,

the

knowledge

of

farming

could

be

safe

to

forget.

Nowadays,

smart

machines

give

us

access

to

most

human

knowledge.

It

seems

that

we

no

longer

need

to

remember

most

things.

Does

it

matter?Researchers

have

recognized

several

problems

that

may

happen.

For

one,

human

beings

have

biases（偏見），

and

smart

machines

are

likely

to

increase

our

biases.

Many

people

believe

smart

machines

are

necessarily

correct

and

objective,

but

machines

are

trained

through

a

repeated

testing

and

scoring

process.

In

the

process,

human

beings

still

decide

on

the

correct

answers.

Another

problem

relates

to

the

ease

of

accessing

information.

When

there

were

no

computers,

efforts

were

required

to

gain

knowledge

from

other

people,

or

go

to

the

library.

We

know

what

knowledge

lies

in

other

brains

or

books,

and

what

lies

in

our

heads.

But

today,

the

Internet

gives

us

the

information

we

need

quickly.

This

can

lead

to

the

mistaken

belief—the

knowledge

we

found

was

part

of

what

we

knew

all

along.

In

a

new

civilization

rich

in

machine

intelligence,

we

have

easy

access

to

smart

memory

networks

where

information

is

stored.

But

dependency

on

a

network

suggests

possibilities

of

being

harmed

easily.

The

collapse

of

any

of

the

networks

of

relations

our

well-being（健康）

depends

upon,

such

as

food

and

energy,

would

produce

terrible

results.

Without

food,

we

will

get

hungry;

without

energy,

we

will

feel

cold.

And

it

is

through

widespread

loss

of

memory

that

civilizations

are

at

risk

of

falling

into

a

dark

age.

We

forget

old

ways

to

free

up

time

and

space

for

new

skills.

As

long

as

the

older

forms

of

knowledge

are

stored

somewhere

in

our

networks,

and

can

be

found

when

we

need

them,

perhaps

they’re

not

really

forgotten.

Still,

as

time

goes

on,

we

gradually

but

unquestionably

become

strangers

to

future

people.(

)1.Why

are

smart

machines

likely

to

increase

our

biases?A.

Because

they

go

off

course

in

testing

and

scoring.B.

Because

we

control

the

training

process

on

them.C.

Because

we

offer

them

too

much

information.D.

Because

they

overuse

the

provided

answers.B(

)2.The

ease

of

accessing

information

from

the

Internet

.A.

frees

us

from

making

efforts

to

learn

new

skillsB.

prevents

civilizations

from

being

lost

at

a

high

speedC.

misleads

us

into

thinking

we

have

already

known

the

knowledgeD.

separates

the

facts

we

have

from

those

in

the

smart

machinesC(

)3.What

does

the

underline