無(wú)人機(jī)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)Unit

1IntroductiontoUnmannedAerial

VehicleCONT1.11.21.3T E NDefinitions,

Acronymsand

AbbreviationsHistoryandDevelopmentTrendof

UAVClassificationandApplicationof

UAV1.1Definitions,Acronymsand

AbbreviationsUnmanedAerialVehicleisanaircraftmanagedbycontrolstation(including

remotecontrolorautonomousflight),whiledronesarealwaysdefinedasman-madevehicleswithouthumanpilotsaboard,andareoperated

remotely.UAVUnmannedAerial

Vehicle無(wú)人機(jī)UASUnmannedAerial

System無(wú)人機(jī)系統(tǒng)LIDARLightDetectionAnd

Ranging激光雷達(dá)GCSGroundControl

Station地面控制站3DThree-Dimensional三維DLSDataLink

Station數(shù)據(jù)鏈路站FCSFlightControl

System飛控系統(tǒng)GPSGlobalPositioning

System全球定位系統(tǒng)CCSCommandControl

Station指揮控制站1.1Definitions,Acronymsand

AbbreviationsAsanengineer

inaircraftindustry,youshould:alwayscheckwordsin

specifieddictionaryalwaysusetechnicalnamesand

verbsR

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1R

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2R

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3R

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4Wheneveryouareusingorlearningwords,alwaystakecareofthepartofspeech.Useapprovedwordsonlywith

theirapproved

meanings.Usetherightformsofverbsand

adjectives.1.1EnglishTraining

PartAsanengineerinaircraftindustry,you

should:·alwayscheckwordsin

specified

dictionary ·alwaysusetechnicalnamesand

verbsR

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1SimplifiedTechnicalEnglishhasacontrolleddictionarythatgivesyouthewordsmostfrequentlyusedintechnical

writing.Examples:Theword“use”isanapprovedverb,theword“engine”isatechnicalname,andtheword“ream”isatechnical

verb.Wheneveryouareusingorlearningwords,alwaystakecareofthe

partofspeech.R

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2Theword“test”isanapproved

noun.

Theword“dim”isanapproved

adjective.Theword“clean”isanapprovedverband

adjective.STE:Dotheleaktestofthesystem.STE:Adimlightcomes

on.

STE:Cleantheinnersurfaceofthecontainer.STE:Makesurethatthearea

isclean.

1.1EnglishTraining

PartUseapprovedwordsonlywiththeirapproved

meanings.R

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3Somewordsmighthavemorethanonemeaning,tomakeitmoreaccurate,alwaysuseapprovedmeanings.Example:Theapprovedmeaningoftheword“follow”is“comeafter,goafter”,not“obey”.Non-STE:Followthesafety

instructions.STE:Obeythesafety

instructions.Usetherightformsofverbsand

adjectives.R

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4InfinitivePresent

TensePast

TensePast

Particleto

removeremove(s)removedremovedEnglishTraining

Part1.11.2Multi-rotor

UAVFixedWing

UAVCompositeWing

UAVUAVisdividedintomulti-rotor,fixedwing,compositewingandso

on.ClassificationandApplicationof

UAV1.2.1 UAVApplication

ScenariosAgricultureElectric

PowerEngineeringPoliceand

SecurityAerialPhotography1.2.2WingLoong

UAVCloudShadow

UAVDomestic

UAVsUAVslike“CloudShadow”and“WingLoong”locatemoderateintensitywarfare,flyathighaltitude,strikeandreconnaissanceintegrated,capableofmultimount

andsuper

stealth.Tryto

rememberwordsinatechnicalname

category.R

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5R

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6R

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7R

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8Whenyouarewriting,makeyour

sentencesshortandeasytounderstand.Use

professionaltermsinsteadofslangor

jargon.WhenreadingEnglisharticles

orinstructions,alwaysmind

units.1.2EnglishTraining

PartR

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5 Trytorememberwordsinatechnicalname

category.EnglishTraining

Part1.2Technical

NameCategoryWordspartsbolt,cable,conductor,ferrytank,indicator,pipe,propeller,

switchvehiclesormachinesAircraft,airframe,bicycle,cabin,car,cargocompartment,engine

roomtoolsbrush,cap,gauge,roller,

pinmaterialsacid,adhesive,aluminumalloy,copper,stainlesssteel,water,

wirefacilitiesairport,building,gate,port,shop,

storesystemsairconditioning,audio,exhaust,pumpphysicsacceleration,average,electricity,curve,pressure,temperature,

tension,stallnavigationair,altitude,axis,climb,pitch,roll,

yawunitsmeter,mile,minute,month,one-quarter,second,

squarepersonscaptain,commander,copilot,crew,operator,

manufacturerenvironmentatmosphere,cloud,daylight,humidity,lightening,moisture,

rainWhenyouarewriting,makeyoursentencesshortandeasy

tounderstand.R

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6Originalsentence:Removethefourstainlesssteelpanheadmachinescrews(10)thatattachthemetallicmachinedflange(15)tothefronthousingcover

(20).Aftermodification:Removethefourscrews(10)thatattachtheflange(15)tothecover

(20).Originalsentence:Thepilotusedthebrake,whichisonthelandinggear,andpushedittothebiggest

level.Aftermodification:Thepilotappliedthemaximumbrakeonthe

landinggear.EnglishTraining

Part1.2Useprofessionaltermsinsteadofslangor

jargon.R

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7【Example】Originalsentence:Makeasandwichwithtwowashersandthespacer.Aftermodification:Installthespacerbetweenthetwo

washers.EnglishTraining

Part1.2WhenreadingEnglisharticlesorinstructions,alwaysmind

units.R

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8【Example】Reamtheholeuntilithasadiameterof8.00＋/－0.003mm.Avalueof2inchesis

permitted.Thebaseofthetriangleis5

cm.Themaximumthrustoftheengineintheworldis134,300

pounds.In1959,theU.S.AirForce,concernedaboutlosingpilotsoverhostileterritory,beganplanningfortheuseofunmannedaircraft.Withindays,ahighlyclassifiedUAVprogramstartedunderthecodenameof“RedWagon”.TheAugust1964clashintheTonkinGulfbetweennavalunitsoftheU.S.andNorthVietnameseNavyinitiatedAmerica’shighlyclassifiedUAVsintotheirfirstcombatmissionsoftheVietnam

War.Duringthe1973YomKippurWar(alsocalledOctoberWarorRamadanWar),Sovietssuppliedsurface-to-airmissilebatteriesinEgyptandSyriacausedheavydamagetoIsraelijetfighters.Asaresult,IsraeldevelopedthefirstUAVwithreal-timesurveillance.TheimagesandradardecoysprovidedbytheseUAVshelpedIsraelcompletelyneutralizetheSyrianairdefensesatthestartofthe1982LebanonWar,resultinginnopilots

downed.1.3HistoryandDevelopmentTrendof

UAVTheHistoryof

UAV1.3.1DevelopmentTrendof

UAV21.3.2Moreintelligent,longerendurancetime,network

clustering.1UAV+AI.3Innovation

bombs.Thanks!無(wú)人機(jī)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)Unit

2Componentsof

UAVCTE2.12.22.5O NExternal

Loadand

OverloadHand-on:TheAssemblyof

UAFixed-wing:Structure

andComponent2.3N TIntroduction

toFuselage2.4Multi-rotor

UAV2.6UnmannedHelicopter2.1ExternalLoadand

OverloadExternalloadon

UAV2.1.1 ExternalLoadofFixed-wing

UAVGenerally,theexternalforceactingontheaircraftduringtakeoff,flight,landingandgroundparkingiscalledtheexternalloadoftheaircraft.Theseexternalloadsincludeaerodynamics,aircraftgravity,enginethrust,inertiaforce,groundreactionforceduringaircraftlanding,groundtaxiingandshutdown,etc.2.1ExternalLoadand

OverloadClassificationofExternal

Load2.1.21Accordingtothe

Formconcentrated

loaddistributed

load2Accordingtothe

Propertiesstatic

loadsdynamic

loads3AccordingtotheStateofAircraftfight

loadgroundloadLoads,exceptforgravity,varieswithtimeduringmaneuverflightorwhentheaircraftisencounteredwithsuddenwind.Theexternalloadcanonlyreflectthemagnitudeanddirectionoftheforceontheaircraft.Inordertofacilitatetheanalysisoftheexternalloadontheaircraftinacertainflightstate,theforceontheaircraftatthattimeisusuallycomparedwiththegravityoftheaircraft.Thisisthedefinitionof

overload.Introductionof

Overload2.1.32.1ExternalLoadand

OverloadThewingstructureisathin-walledstructure,generallycomposedofthefollowingtypicalelements:Longitudinalelementsincludewingbeams,stringers,walls;Transverseelementsincludewingribs(commonribsandreinforcedribs)andskinwrappedoutsidetheframeworkcomposedoflongitudinalandtransversemembers.Componentsof

Fixed-wing2.2.12.2Fixed-wing:Structureand

ComponentsComponentsof

Fixed-wing2.2.12.2Fixed-wing:Structureand

ComponentsStringersRibSparSkinClassificationof

Fixed-wing2.2.22.2Fixed-wing:Structureand

ComponentsClothSkin

WingMetalSkin

Wing2.3IntroductiontoFuselageExternalLoadof

Fuselage2.3.1 ExternalLoadof

FuselageDuringflightandlanding,thefuselagestructureshallbeartheconcentratedloadtransmittedfromthefixedjointsofwing,tail,landinggearandothercomponents,whichisthemainexternalloadofthefuselage.Atthesametime,italsobearsloadsofvariouscomponents,thegravityoffuselageitselfaswellasaerodynamic

forces.2.3IntroductiontoFuselageStructureof

Fuselage2.3.2 Componentsof

FuselageThefuselagestructureofmodernaircraftiscomposedofstringer,spacerframeandskin.Thespacerframeisdividedintoordinaryframeandreinforcedframe.Ordinaryframeisusedtomaintainthesectionalshapeofthefuselage,whiletheroleofreinforcedframeistospreadtheconcentratedforcetothefuselagestructurethroughthejoint,andthentransmitittotheskinintheformofshear

flow.2.3IntroductiontoFuselageFrameworkType

FuselageClassificationof

FuselageWiththeimprovementofaircraftflightperformance,thestructureofthefuselageisalsodeveloping.Accordingtothestressoftheskinoffuselage,thefuselagestructureisdividedintodifferenttypesas

follows:·Framework

type.Monocoque

type.Semi-Monocoque

type.MonocoqueType

FuselageSemi-Monocoque

TypeFuselage2.4Multi-rotor

UAVMulti-rotorUAV(alsocalled

multi-axisUAV)isaspecialhelicopterwiththreeormorerotoraxes.Themotoroneachaxisrotatestodrivetherotortogeneratethrust.Thiskindofaircraftismostlysymmetricaloraxial

symmetrical.StructureofMulti-rotor

UAV2.4.1 Introduction2.4Multi-rotor

UAVPowerdevicesusedbyUAVmainlyincludepistonengine,turbojetengine,turbofanengine,turbopropengine,turboshaftengine,ramjetengine,rocketengine,motor,

etc.Propellerof

UAV2.4.2 Componentsand

FunctionsMotorElectronicSpeed

ControllerBattery2.4Multi-rotor

UAVthan 160 differentproducts across 11aerospacecategories.products are asSome famousfollows:2.4.3 TheDevelopmentof

AVICAVIChasplayedamajorroleindevelopingChineseaviationfor

two

decades,

and

it

has

more1Fighter

Aircraft·J-10·J-20·J-312FighterBomber

Aircraft·JH-73Trainer

Aircraft·JL-8·JL-9·L-154Transport

AircraftY-8Y-9Y-205Bomber

Aircraft·H-6·H-206Helicopter·Z-8·Z-9·HC-120/EC1207UnmannedAerial

VehicleAVICCloudShadow·WingLoongUAV2.5Hand-on:TheAssemblyof

UAV2.5.1 IntroductionUAVassemblyisanimportantskillforUAVapplicationtechnology.HerewetakeacertainUAVdeviceforexample.Seethe

followingtable forthelistof

accessories.NameAmountNameAmountFrame1

setFoot

stand1

setPropeller2

pairsFCS1

setMotor4Damping

plate1Electric

regulation4GPS

module1Battery1

groupGPS

bracket1Remotecontroller1DuPont

line4Receiver1…2.5Hand-on:TheAssemblyof

UAV2.5.2 Processof

AssemblyWeldingof

LinesInstallthe

MotorInstallthe

Lower

Center

Plate Which

includes:Weldingofmotorwireandbanana

head.Weldingofelectricadjustingwireandbanana

head.Weldtheelectricregulatorandpowercordtothelowercenter

plate.Weldingof

T-head.InstallFlight

Control and

Receiver Fixthemotoronthebaseofthe

boom.When installing the lower center plate, tighten the screwsmoderatelytoavoidscrew

damage.Use3Mgluetopastetheflightcontrolonthetop(front)ofthelowercenterplate,andtrytoinstalltheflightcontrolonthecenterofthelowercenterplate.Usefoamdouble-sidedadhesivetapetoinstallthereceiveronthelowercenter

plate.2.5Hand-on:TheAssemblyof

UAV2.5.2 Processof

AssemblyInstallUpperCenterPlateInstall

Electric

Regulator InstallGPSand

LEDPlacetheuppercenterplateatthecorrectpositionandfixitwith

screws.Install

PropellerInordertoinstalltheelectricregulatorfirmly,installtheflatsideonthearm,fixitwithself-lockingties,andtheninstalltheelectricregulatortothe

arm.First,assembletheGPScarbonrodbracketwithglue,theninstalltheGPSbaseontheM4armscrewholeoftheuppercenterplate,andthenfixtheGPSonthetopplateofthebracketwithadhesive

tape.Thefixingmodeofbladeisrelatedtothetypeofmotorandblade.TaketheinstallationofDJIF450propellerforexample,thesideprintedwithDJILOGOisupward,andthesectionwithbiggerthicknessiswindward.Theinstallationpositioncanbedeterminedbyclockwiserotation.2.5Hand-on:TheAssemblyof

UAV“6S”

Regulations2.5.3Shine

(Seiso)Setin

order(Seiton)Standardize(Seiketsu)Sustain(Shitsuke)Safety“6S”Sort

(Seiri)2.6Unmanned

Helicopter2.6.1 IntroductionUnmannedhelicopterreferstotheUAVthatcanrealizeVTOL(verticaltakeoffandlanding)andhasthemostflexibility.ItbelongstorotarywingUAVinconfigurationandgeneralaircraftin

function.2.6Unmanned

HelicopterATypical

UnmannedHelicopter2.6.2 ComponentsofUnmanned

HelicopterTheliftofunmannedhelicoptersisgeneratedbyrotors.Thebasicstructureofunmannedhelicopterisgenerallycomposedofmainrotor,fuselage,tailrotor,landinggear,controlsystem,transmissionsystem,motororengine,

etc.Rule2

.1

Rule2

.2

Useconnectingwordsandphrasestoconnectsentencesthatcontainrelated

topics.Hedging.Rule2

.3

Rule2

.4

Takecareofsafety

instructions.To

p

i

c sen

t

e

n

ce an

d k

eywords.Rule2

.5

Rule2

.6

Unit

2 EnglishTraining

Partto makeDo not omit wordsyoursentences

shorter.Use a vertical list for complextext.Donotomitwordstomakeyoursentences

shorter.R

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1Donotomitnounstomakesentencesshorter.Itwillbedifficultforthereadertoknowwhatyou

mean.Non-STE:Canbeamaximumoffiveinches

long.STE:Crackscanhaveamaximumlengthoffive

inches.Donotomitverbs,becausethereaderwillnotunderstandwhattheactionis.Non-STE:Rotaryswitchto

INPUT.STE:Settherotaryswitchto

INPUT.Donotomitthesubject,becausethereaderwillnotknowwhatyouarereferringto.Non-STE:Ifinstalled,removethe

shims.STE:Ifshimsareinstalled,remove

them.Useaverticallistforcomplex

text.R

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2Whenthesentenceislongandyoumustincludemanydifferentitems(forexample,alistofcomponents,parts,ordocuments)oractionsinasentence,youcanputtheminaverticallist.Verticallistsmakelongcomplexsentencesmucheasiertoread

andunderstand.Non-STE:Thewheelassemblycomprisesthetire,thetube,thespokes,thespokefittings,thevalve,andthe

hub.STE:Thewheelassemblyhasthese

parts:The

tireThe

tubeThe

spokesThespoke

fittingsThe

valveThe

hubUseconnectingwordsandphrasestoconnectsentencesthatcontainrelated

topics.R

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3【Examples】）Thesesafetyprecautionsaretheminimumnecessaryforworkinthepitlane.Butthelocalregulationscangiveothernecessarysafety

precautions.）Ifthepressureincreases,itchangestheelectricalcurrentsinthetransmitter.Thus,thepowerunitsuppliescurrentstotheindicatorontherelated

panel.）Whenthehydraulicpressureisreleased,thesequencevalvemovestotheopenposition.Asaresult,theactuatorsareconnectedtothehydraulic

return.Hedging.R

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4Hedging,alsocalledcautionorcautiouslanguageortentativelanguageorvaguelanguage,isawayofsofteningthelanguagebymakingtheclaimsorconclusionslessabsolute.Itisespeciallycommoninscienceandengineering,forexample,whengivingahypothesisorpresenting

results.Hedgescanbecontrastedwithboosters(suchas“will”or“definitely”or“always”),whichallowwriterstoexpresstheircertainty.Thesearelesscommonlyusedinacademicwriting,thoughtendtobeoverusedbylearnersofacademicEnglishinplaceofmorecautiouslanguage.Takecareofsafety

instructions.R

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5）WARNING:Beforeyoufilltheliquidoxygensystem,putonafacemaskandprotectiveclothing.Liquidoxygencancauseirritationoftherespiratorytractandeyeirritation.）

WARNING: Always keep your hands and feet away from the blade. When the motoroperates,thebladeturnsandcan

causeinjury.（

3

）

CAUTION: Before you operate the ground test unit, make sure that the pressureregulatorissettozero.Thiswillpreventdamagetothe

unit.（4）CAUTION:Donotusebleachorcleansersthatcontainchlorinetocleantheunit.Thesecleaningagentscancause

corrosion.Topicsentenceandkey

words.R

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6【Example】Theinstrumentlandingsystemontheaircraftshowsdatathathelpsthepilotduringtheapproachtotherunway.Thissystemshowsthepilotthedeviationsfromthelocalizercourseandtheglideslopepath.Thelocalizercoursealignswiththecenterlineoftherunway.Andtheglideslopepathisataconstantangletothethresholdoftherunway.Duringtheapproachtotherunway,deviationpointersinthecourseindicatorsshowthepilotinwhichdirectiontheaircraftmust

go:—Leftorright(forthe

localizer).—Upordown(forthe

glideslope).Thanks!無(wú)人機(jī)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)Unit

3FlightDynamicsof

UAV1FlightDynamicsof

UAVControl

Surfaces23.13.2CONTENT3.1FlightDynamicsof

UAVNormalAxisof

Aircraft3.1.1 Axisand

RotationThethreecriticalflightdynamicsparametersoffixed-wingdronearetheanglesofrotationinthreedimensions.Thecenterpointiscalledcenterofgravity(COG),beingtheoriginofthreeaxesinthemeantime.Threeaxesarenormalaxis,longitudinalaxis,andlateralaxis.Rotationsinthreedimensionsareyaw,roll,andpitch,

respectively.Movementof

Yaw3.1FlightDynamicsof

UAVLongitudinalAxis

ofAircraft3.1.1 Axisand

RotationRollistherotationaboutthelongitudinalaxis,positivewiththestarboardwingdown.Movementof

Roll3.1FlightDynamicsof

UAVLateralAxisof

Aircraft3.1.1 Axisand

RotationPitchistherotationaboutthelateralaxis,positivewithnose

up.Movementof

Pitch3.1FlightDynamicsof

UAVAerodynamicForcesonan

Aircraft3.1.2 Aerodynamic

ForcesAerodynamicforcesarehighlydependentontheinteractionoftheatmospheremoleculeswiththeaircraftsurface,andspecificallyonthemolecules’densityandvelocity.Herethevelocityreferstotherelativevelocitybetweenatmosphereand

aircraft.3.1FlightDynamicsof

UAVAirfoil3.1.3 AirfoilA

cross section of a typical airplane wing shows the top

surface tobemorecurvedthanthebottomsurface.Thisshapedprofileiscalledan“airfoil”andtheshapeexistsbecauseithaslongbeenproven(sincethedawnofflight)thatanairfoilgeneratessignificantlymoreliftthanopposing

drag.3.1FlightDynamicsof

UAVTheGenerationof

Lift3.1.3 TheGenerationof

LiftThe

faster

a

wing

moves

through

the

air,

the

more

the

actions

are

exaggerated

andthemoreliftisgenerated.Conversely,aslowermovingwinggenerallycreatesless

lift.Theliftequalstohalfofthedensitytimesthesquareofvelocitytimeswingareatimeslift

index.3.2Control

SurfacesFor

a

airplane

to

fly

in

a

controlled

manner,

control

surface

are

necessary.Thefourmainsurfacesareaileron,elevator,rudderand

flap.Whentheairplaneisinforwardflight,itwill