課時(shí)作業(yè)30ThepowerofnatureⅠ.閱讀理解(遼寧大連聯(lián)考)A16-yearsurveyonthearcticNorwegianislandofSvalbardfoundthereindeer(馴鹿)therehavedeclinedinweightbyanalarming12percent.Thereductioninaveragebody-massisbeingblamedonglobalwarming.InresearchpresentedlatelyatameetingoftheBritishEcologicalSocietyinLiverpool,scientistswillexplainhowrisingtemperaturesaremakingfemalereindeerdifficulttoobtainnutrientsduringimportantperiodsofbeingpregnant.SnowinSvalbardtypicallycoversthegroundforeightmonthsoftheyear,which,combinedwithlowtemperatures,limitsgrassgrowthtoJuneandJuly.Butassummertemperatureshaveincreasedbyaround1.5℃，grasslandhasbecomemoreproductive,allowingfemalereindeertogainmoreweightbytheautumnandthereforetoconceive(孕育)morecalves.However,warmerwintershavebroughtwiththemgreaterrainfallwhichfreezeswhenitsettlesonthesnow,thereforelockingoutthereindeerfromthelife-supportingfoodbelow.Asaresult,femalereindeerarebecomingstarved,causingthemtogivebirthtomuchlighteryoung.Theaveragemassofanadultreindeerin1998,whenthesurveybegan,was55kg,butby2016ithaddroppedto48kg.ProfessorSteveAlbon,anecologistattheJamesHattonInstituteinAberdeen,saidthat,becausethemammalshavearelativelyhighsurface-area-to-volumeratio(表面積與體積比),theyarenoparticularlyenergyefficient.Reindeercanoftenaccesstheinadequatefoodsourcesbeneaththesnowbyclearingitawaywiththeirantlers(鹿角),buttheycannotbreakthroughthehardice.Withoutaccesstothefoodinwinter,calvesarebeingbornfarlighterthantheyshouldbe.Numbersofreindeerhavealsoincreasedrapidlyinthepast20years,meaningthatthosewhicharebornarefacinggreatercompetitionforfood.“Theimplications(含義)arethattheremaywellbemoresmallerreindeerintheArcticinthecomingdecades,butpossiblyattheriskofcatastrophicdie-offsbecauseofincreasediceontheground，”saidProfessorAlbon.Despitethegloomyfindings,reindeerappeartobesufferinglessfromtheimpactofclimatechangethansomeotherarcticspecies.本文是一篇說明文。研究表明：全球變暖導(dǎo)致馴鹿體重減輕。1．Whichofthefollowingmaybethemostimportantreasonforthesmallerreindeer?A．Heavysnow. B．Greaterrainfall.C．Hardice. D．Globalwarming.答案：D解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句話“Thereductioninaveragebody-massisbeingblamedonglobalwarming.”可知，全球變暖是馴鹿平均體重減輕的罪魁禍?zhǔn)住９蔬xD項(xiàng)。2．Accordingtothepassage,risingtemperatureswillnotleadto________.A．grassgrowingmorerapidlyinsummerB．morerainfallinthearcticareainwinterC．femalereindeer'sgainingmoreweightinwinterD．femalereindeer'ssufferingfromhungerinwinter答案：C解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Butassummertemperatureshaveincreasedbyaround1.5℃，grasslandhasbecomemoreproductive...”可知A正確；根據(jù)第四段“However,warmerwintershavebroughtwiththemgreaterrainfallwhichfreezeswhenitsettlesonthesnow,thereforelockingoutthereindeerfromthelife-supportingfoodbelow.”可知B正確；根據(jù)第四段“Asaresult,femalereindeerarebecomingstarved,causingthemtogivebirthtomuchlighteryoung.”可知D正確。根據(jù)第四段“Theaveragemassofanadultreindeerin1998,whenthesurveybegan,was55kg,butby2016ithaddroppedto48kg.”可知C符合題意。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“gloomy”inthelastparagraphmean?A．Exciting. B．Optimistic.C．Disappointing. D．Doubtful.答案：C解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)最后一段“...reindeerappeartobesufferinglessfromtheimpactofclimatechangethansomeotherarcticspecies.”可知，馴鹿受氣候變化的影響似乎比其他北極物種要小。據(jù)此推斷“Despitethegloomyfindings”意為“盡管這一研究發(fā)現(xiàn)很悲觀”。故選C項(xiàng)。4．Howdoesthewriterdevelopthepassage?A．Byanalysingtheresearch.B．Byclassificationofreindeer.C．Bycomparingopinionsofexperts.D．Bytellingstoriesofdifferentspecies.答案：A解析：寫作手法題。通讀全文可知，文章主要通過分析研究結(jié)果來說明全球變暖對(duì)馴鹿體重的影響。故選A項(xiàng)。Ⅱ.閱讀填句(陜西西安中學(xué)檢測(cè))In2017,AlphaGodefeatedChineseplayerKeJietobecometheworld'sNo.1,endingthousandsofyearsofhumandominance(控制)inthegame.AlphaGoisanartificialintelligence(AI)Go-playingprogram.__1__Artificialintelligenceisusuallydefinedasthescienceofmakingcomputersdothingsthatrequireintelligencewhendonebyhumans.__2__Theseincludelearning,reasoning,problem-solving,perception,andlanguage-understanding.__3__Infactweareincreasinglydependinguponcomputer-basedartificialintelligence.AsCharlieQrtiz,headofAIattheMassachusetts-basedsoftwarecompanyNuanceCommunications,said,“Ithasopenedawindowforus.”Smartphones,self-drivingcars,intelligentrobots,etc.areconstantlycomingintoourlife.Accordingtoarecentsurvey,halfoftheworld'sAIexpertsbelievehuman-levelmachineintelligencewillbeachievedby2040.Thiswillopenuphugepossibilitiesfortheenrichmentofmankind,fromtacklingclimatechangeandtreatingdiseasetolabour-savingdevices.__4__PhysicistStephenHawkingwarnedthatunlesswetakecare,boardgamesmightbetheleastofAI.“Thedevel-opmentoffullartificialintelligencecouldmeantheendofthehumanrace.”__5__TheybelieveAlphaGo'svictoryisareminderofhowfasttheworldisovercomingtheobstaclesinthewayofAI,anditsdistributionintheworldaboutus.Althoughtheremayyetbenoevidencethatcomputerswillevershakeofftheirhumanmasters,weshouldstilltreatthedevelopmentwiththehumilityandcautionitdeserves.A．Otherscientistshavealsoexpressedtheconcern.B．Artificialintelligencehasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages.C．DefeatingahumanGomasterisnottheonlythingAIcando.D．Artificialintelligencewillbringusdisastersinsteadofbenefits.E．ItwasdesignedbyanAmericanartificialintelligencecompany.F．NotallexpertsholdtheoptimisticattitudestothedevelopmentofAI.G．ResearchinAIhassofarfocusedonsomespecialfieldsofintelligence.本文是一篇說明文，介紹了人工智能的發(fā)展以及人們對(duì)于人工智能的不同態(tài)度。1．解析：根據(jù)前句內(nèi)容“AlphaGoisanartificialintelligence(AI)Go-playingprogram.”可知，此處是對(duì)阿爾法的介紹，所以E合適，意為“它是由美國(guó)的一家人工智能公司設(shè)計(jì)的”。2．解析：根據(jù)后句內(nèi)容“Theseincludelearning,reasoning,problem-solving,perception,andlanguage-understanding.”可知，此處主要介紹了人工智能研究涉及的領(lǐng)域，所以前句是對(duì)研究的評(píng)價(jià)，引出后句的研究領(lǐng)域。所以G正確。3．解析：根據(jù)后文內(nèi)容“Infactweareincreasinglydependinguponcomputer-basedartificialintelligence...Smartphones,self-drivingcars,intelligentrobots,etc.areconstantlycomingintoourlife.”可知，人工智能現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)被應(yīng)用于很多領(lǐng)域，所以此處表示“在圍棋比賽中戰(zhàn)勝人類選手不是人工智能唯一的表現(xiàn)”。所以C正確。4．解析：根據(jù)后文內(nèi)容“PhysicistStephenHawkingwarnedthatunlesswetakecare,boardgamesmightbetheleastofAI.‘Thedevelopmentoffullartificialintelligencecouldmeantheendofthehumanrace.’”可知，有些專家對(duì)于人工智能的發(fā)展持消極觀點(diǎn)。所以F正確。5．解析：根據(jù)后文內(nèi)容“TheybelieveAlphaGo'svictoryisareminderofhowfasttheworldisovercomingtheobstaclesinthewayofAI,anditsdistributionintheworldaboutus.”可知，此處仍表達(dá)這部分人的觀點(diǎn)，所以選A，表示“其他的科學(xué)家們也表達(dá)了擔(dān)憂”。Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空(湖北黃岡檢測(cè))Also__1__(know)as“paperpaintings”and“paintedpictures”，NewYearpaintingsare__2__uniqueartforminChinesefolkculture.Thepaintingsarecalled“NewYearpaintings”becausetheyare__3__(most)postedduringtheChineseNewYearholiday__4__decorationandtheyarealsoasymbolofNewYear'sgreetings.NewYearpaintings__5__(appear)aroundtheTangDynasty,replacingthepreviousdoorpictures__6__(feature)thegodsbelievedtobeabletoprotecttheresidentsanddriveawayghosts.IntheSongDynasty,NewYearpaintingswerecreatedonalargescale.Withtheadvancementofprintingtechnology,thecontentandformsofNewYearpaintingsbecame__7__(diversity).ThedevelopmentofthepaintingsmaturedintheMingandQingDynasties,__8__thearthititsheyday(全盛期)．Traditionalprinting__9__(method)ofNewYearpaintingsincludewoodblockprinting,stone-blockprinting,offset(膠印)printing,traditionalChinesepainting,watercolorpaintingandsketchesetc.WoodblockprintedNewYearpaintings__10__(be)themostpopularandinterestingones.本文是一篇說明文，涉及社會(huì)文化和習(xí)俗話題。主要介紹了中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)文化藝術(shù)之一——年畫的用途、起源和分類，彰顯了中國(guó)元素。1．解析：考查過去分詞?？涨盁o主語(yǔ)，故填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。beknownas“作為……而知名”，故填known。2．解析：考查冠詞。年畫是中國(guó)民間文化中的一種獨(dú)特的藝術(shù)形式。此處表示泛指，故填不定冠詞。unique的發(fā)音是以輔音音素開頭的，故用a。3．解析：考查副詞。因?yàn)樗鼈兺ǔ６荚诖汗?jié)期間被張貼，作為裝飾畫。修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用副詞。mostly“通常，多半，大部分”。4．解析：考查介詞。此處表示目的且空后為名詞，故用介詞for。5．解析：考查時(shí)態(tài)。年畫大約起源于唐代。此處表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，故用一般過去時(shí)。6．解析：考查動(dòng)詞的-ing形式。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，doorpictures與feature之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故填動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語(yǔ)，feature在此是動(dòng)詞，意為“以……為特色”。7．解析：考查形容詞。在本句的系表結(jié)構(gòu)中，作表語(yǔ)的應(yīng)是形容詞。故填diverse“多種多樣的”，也可填diversified“多樣化的”。8．解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句。年畫在明清時(shí)期走向成熟，達(dá)到鼎盛。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，且從句中缺少時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，故填when。9．解析：考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。從后文可知，年畫的制作工藝有很多種，故填method的復(fù)數(shù)形式。10．解析：考查主謂一致和時(shí)態(tài)。木版年畫最為盛行，也最有趣。由主語(yǔ)paintings可知，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。且此處是對(duì)客觀情況的陳述，故應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Ⅳ.短文改錯(cuò)(福建泉港一中檢測(cè))DearAbby，Howareyou?TodayI'vegotawonderfulnewstotellyou.IhaveofferedascholarshipatauniversityinAustraliaformyfurthereducation.Onehundredandtwentystudentstookexamforit,butonlyafewwaschosenandIwasoneofthem.However,myparentsarenothappyaboutit.Theyarestrongagainstmegoingthere.TheysayitistoofarawaythattheywillnotseemeforawholeyearandtheyareafraidofIwillfeellonely.Theycan'timagineagirlsoyounglivealone.Theyadvisemetostudyinginthecapitalinstead.ThenI'llbeabletocontinuelivingwiththem.HowcanIpersuadethemtoacceptthefactIhavegrownup?Bestwishes!Jane答案與解析1．去掉a考查冠詞。news是不可數(shù)名詞。2．have后加been考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。I與offer之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。3．exam→exams考查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。exam是可數(shù)名詞，在這里不只是一次考試，因此為復(fù)數(shù)。4．chosen前的was→were考查主謂一致。afew代表復(fù)數(shù)名詞。5．strong→strongly考查副詞。副詞修飾介詞短語(yǔ)。6．too→so考查固定搭配。本句采用了so...that搭配。7．去掉of考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。beafraid后跟賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)不跟介詞。8．live→living考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。living作imagine的賓語(yǔ)，agirl是living的邏輯主語(yǔ)。9．studying→study考