定語從句1．Itrainedhardyesterday,preventedmefromgoingtothepark.A.thatB.whichC.asD.it→thediagramshows,thesumspentontobaccoisnearlyaslargeasthatspentonalcohol.A.AsB.WhichC.WhatD.Like２.Heisquitewornoutfromyearsofhardwork.Heisnotthemanhewastwentyyearsago.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whom3.ChinesecustomspolicewonderedifthereweresomeundergroundpassagesthecocainehadbeensmuggledintoChinafromMyanmar.A.throughwhichB.inwhichC.throughthatD.inthat4.ThetemperatureFahrenheitandCelsiusthermometerreadingsareequalis40degrees.A.bywhichB.forwhichC.towhichD.atwhich5.TherewasastormIhadneverexperiencedbefore.A.suchasB.aswhichC.withwhichD.forsuch6.Theresidents,hadbeendamagedbytheearthquake,weregivenhelpbythegovernment.A.alltheirhomesB.allwhosehomesC.allofwhosehomesD.alloftheirhomes7.Thecoursenormallyattracts30studentsperyear,uptohalfwillfromoverseas.A.inwhichB.forwhomC.withwhichD.ofwhom8.Perhapsthere’onlyonethingonwhichthecitizensofAtlantadoagree:there’sonlyacitywillnotlookthesameorbethesameafterthissummer.A.thatB.whichC.asD.where9.Theteamcanhandlewhatever.A.thatneedshandlingB.whichneedhandlingC.itneedshandlingD.needstobehandled10.Thephysicianhasmadeadiscovery,ofgreatimportancetotheprogressofscienceandtechnology.A.IthinkwhichisB.thatIthinkisC.whichIthinkisD.whichIthinkitis11.Johnreturnedwithtwolaborers,withhelpwefinallygetthecaroutofthemud.A.theirB.whoseC./D.that12.Shesaysthatshe’llneverforgetthetime________she’sspentworkingasasecretaryinourcompany.A.whichB.whenC.howD.where→Shesaysthatshe’llneverforgetthetime________sheworksasasecretaryinourcompany.A.whichB.whenC.howD.where→(1)Ourcompanywillmovetoatallbuilding_______weboughtlastmonth.A.whichB.whenC.howD.where(2)Ourcompanywillmovetoatallbuilding_______hasjustbeencomplete.A.whichB.whenC.howD.where(3)Ourcompanywillmovetoatallbuilding_______weworkedtwoyearsago.A.whereB.whenC.thatD.which非謂語動(dòng)詞1.-whatcausedthepartytobeputoff?-_____theinvitation.A.TomdelayedsendingB.Tom'sdelayingsendingC.TomdelayingtosendD.Tomdelayedsend2.Ican'tgetmycar____oncoldmornings,soIhavetotry____theradiatorwithsomehotwater.A.run,tofillB.running,filingC.running,tofillD.ran,filling3.

Anyone

_________

bags,

boxes,

or

whatever,

was

stopped

by

the

police.

A.

seen

carry

B.

seen

carrying

C.

saw

to

carry

D.

saw

carrying

【分析】此題答案選B，anyone

seen

carrying

bags…為

anyone

who

was

seen

carrying

bags

之略，其中過去分詞短語

seen

carrying

bags

…

用作定語修飾代詞

anyone。此外，句中的

who

was

seen

carrying

bags

為

see

sb

doing

sth

這一構(gòu)造的被動(dòng)式。

4.

Now

everyone

here

was

working

hard

and

doing

what

they

could

_________

more

money.

A.

make

B.

to

make

C.

making

D.

made

【分析】此題輕易誤選A。有的同學(xué)一看到空格前的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

could

就斷定此處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞原形

make。其實(shí)對的答案應(yīng)是B，此句為省略句，即在

could

後省略了動(dòng)詞

do，若把句子補(bǔ)完整應(yīng)為Now

everyone

here

was

working

hard

and

doing

what

they

could

do

to

make

more

money，即句中的不定式短語(to

make

more

money)是用作目的狀語的，而不是與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(could)一起構(gòu)成謂語。請?jiān)倏搭愃评洌?/p>

(1)

My

parents

did

what

they

could

_________

my

aunt

and

uncle.

A.

help

B.

to

help

C.

helping

D.

helped

(2)

He

read

what

he

could

_________

his

knowledge.

A.

widen

B.

to

widen

C.

widening

D.

widened

以上兩題均選B，即選不定式，且此不定式為目的狀語。不過，同學(xué)們?nèi)魮?jù)此形成思維定勢，也會(huì)麻煩。為此，請?jiān)倏磧深}：

(3)

He

ran

as

fast

as

he

could

_________to

catch

the

bus.

A.

hope

B.

to

hope

C.

hoping

D.

hoped

此題的最佳答案不是B，而是C，其中的目前分詞短語

hoping

to

catch

the

bus

用作伴隨狀語，即一邊跑一邊但愿能趕上早班車。不過，假如選B，將

to

hope

to

catch

the

bus

視為目的狀語行不行呢？不行。由于“他拼命地跑”目的是“為了趕上公共汽車”，而不是“為了但愿趕上公共汽車”，換句話說，將“但愿”作為“目的”不妥。由于同樣的原因，下面一題也應(yīng)選

hoping：

He

studied

as

hard

as

he

could

_________

to

enter

a

good

college.

A.

hope

B.

to

hope

C.

hoping

D.

hoped

(4)

He

spent

every

minute

he

could

_________

foreign

languages.

A.

study

B.

to

studyC.

studying

D.

studied

此題也應(yīng)選C，不過，它與上題選目前分詞

hoping

表伴隨有所不一樣，此題的

studying

其實(shí)與其前的動(dòng)詞

spend

有關(guān)，即套用的是“spend

+

時(shí)間或金錢

+

(in)

doing

sth”這一句型。

5.

All

her

time

_________

experiments,

she

has

no

time

for

sports.

A.

devoted

to

do

B.

devoted

to

doing

C.

devoting

to

doingD.

is

devoted

to

doing

【分析】此題最佳答案為B。現(xiàn)分析如下：

(1)

devote

意為“致力于，獻(xiàn)身于”，重要用于

devote…to…或be

devoted

to，其中的to

是介詞，不是不定式符號，故後接動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用動(dòng)名詞，不用不定式。

(2)

選A錯(cuò)誤：若將

do

改為

doing

則可以。

(3)

選B對的：all

her

time

devoted

to

doing

experiments為獨(dú)立主格構(gòu)造，用作狀語。

(4)

選C錯(cuò)誤：由于all

her

time

與

devote

為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)將devoting改為devoted。

(5)

選D錯(cuò)誤：若單獨(dú)看

All

her

time

is

devoted

to

doing

experiments，此句并沒有錯(cuò)，但問題是逗號前後兩個(gè)簡樸句沒有必要的連接方式，因此從整體上看仍不對，假若在後一句的句首加上and或so，則可選D，或?qū)中的is

改為

being也可以。6.

“What

made

her

struggle

_________

an

artist

so

hard?”

“_________

she

was

a

woman.”

A.

became,

不填

B.

to

become,

不填

C.

become,

That

D.

to

become,

That

【分析】此題輕易誤選C，想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為第一空應(yīng)填

become

(不帶to)，是由于其前有使役動(dòng)詞

made。其實(shí)，此題應(yīng)選D，在

What

made

her

struggle

to

become

an

artist

so

hard?

一句中，what

是句子主語，made

是謂語，her

struggle

to

become

an

artist

是賓語

(其中的不定式

to

become

an

artist

是修飾her

struggle

的定語)，so

hard

是賓語補(bǔ)足語。許多同學(xué)誤選C是將

her

struggle

看作賓語，而將

become

an

artist

看作是賓語補(bǔ)足語，照此分析，so

hard

又是什么成分呢？第二空填

That，用以引導(dǎo)主語從句

(此

that

不可省略)，其後的謂語和賓語等被省略，若補(bǔ)充完整，即為

That

she

was

a

woman

made

her

struggle

to

become

an

artist

so

hard.

7.

I

found

I

could

easily

make

myself

_________

by

using

sign

language.

A.

understood

B.

understand

C.

to

understand

D.

being

understood

【分析】答案選A，但輕易誤選B，即硬套“make

+

名詞或代詞

+

動(dòng)詞原形”這一構(gòu)造。不過對于該構(gòu)造同學(xué)們忽視了一點(diǎn)，就是該構(gòu)造中的名詞或代詞應(yīng)與其後動(dòng)詞有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，而對于上面一題，myself

與動(dòng)詞

understand

顯然不是主謂關(guān)系，而是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，或者說是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故此時(shí)的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用過去分詞表被動(dòng)。又如：1)

As

a

teacher,

you

should

make

yourself

_________.

A.

respect

B.

respecting

C.

respected

D.

to

respect

(2)

He

spoke

loudly

so

as

to

make

his

voice

_________.

A.

hear

B.

hearing

C.

heard

D.

to

hear

(3)

Do

you

know

what

made

her

so

_________?

A.

frighten

B.

frightening

C.

frightened

D.

to

frighten

答案均選C，即用過去分詞表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義（其中

frightened

為過去分詞轉(zhuǎn)化來的形容詞）。

8.

Once

your

business

becomes

international,

_________

constantly

will

be

part

of

your

life.

A.

you

fly

B.

your

flight

C.

flight

D.

flying

【分析】最佳答案為D。由于空格後出現(xiàn)了constantly這一副詞，這就闡明不能選B或C，由于B、C均為名詞，不能受副詞

constantly

的修飾。A和D均是也許的，由于其中有動(dòng)詞

fly。但若選A，you

fly

是一種主謂構(gòu)造，與其後的謂語

will

be

相沖突，因此只能選D，即動(dòng)名詞flying在此用作主語。

9.

Not

only

should

you

get

used

_________

under

difficult

conditions

but

you

also

you

pay

more

attention

_________

your

work

well.

A.

to

work,

to

do

B.

to

working,

to

doing

C.

to

work,

to

doing

D.

to

working,

to

do

【分析】對的答案為B，由于

get

used

to與pay

attention

to

這兩個(gè)構(gòu)造中的to均為介詞，不是不定式符號，故後接動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用動(dòng)名詞，不能用動(dòng)詞原形。類似地，如下各構(gòu)造中的

to

也是介詞，不是不定式符號，後接動(dòng)詞時(shí)也應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞，而不是動(dòng)詞原形：

look

forward

to

doing

sth

期望做某事

be

opposed

to

doing

sth

反對做某事

object

to

doing

sth反對做某事

stick

to

doing

sth

堅(jiān)持做某事

get

down

to

doing

sth

開始做某事

take

to

doing

sth

喜歡上做某事

admit

to

doing

承認(rèn)做了某事

pay

attention

to

doing

sth

注意做某事

devote

one’s

time

to

doing

sth

把某人的時(shí)間用于(奉獻(xiàn)于)做某事

be

equal

to

doing

sth

等于做某事，能勝任做某事

What

do

you

say

to

doing

sth

你認(rèn)為做某事怎么樣

10.

“Do

you

have

anything

more

_________,

sir?”

“No.

You

can

have

a

rest

or

do

something

else.”

A.

typingB.

to

be

typed

C.

typed

D.

to

type

【分析】此題輕易誤選D，根據(jù)

have

sth

to

do

這一常用構(gòu)造推出。其實(shí)，最佳答案是B。確實(shí)，在“have+賓語+不定式”構(gòu)造中，用作定語的不定式一般用積極式表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義，如

I

have

some

clothes

to

wash等，即盡管其中的

some

clothes

與其後的不定式

to

wash

具有被動(dòng)關(guān)系，但卻習(xí)慣上用積極式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義。但值得指出的是，此類句型的主語與其後的不定式具有積極關(guān)系，如

I

have

some

clothes

to

wash

中的

to

wash

就是由該句主語

I

來完畢的。而上面一題的情形有所不一樣，即其中的

to

type

這一動(dòng)作不是由句子主語

you來完畢的，而是由說話者“我”來完畢的。比較：

Are

you

going

to

Shanghai?

Do

you

have

anything

to

take

to

your

son?

你要去上海嗎？你有什么東西要帶給你兒子嗎？

I’m

going

to

Shanghai

next

week.

I

have

a

lot

of

things

to

take

with

me.

下個(gè)星期我要去上海，我隨身要帶諸多東西去。

同位語從句同位語從句屬于名詞性從句,常常跟在fact,promise,reason,truth,idea,opinion,news,hope,belief,suggestion,conclusion,information,order,decision等名詞背面。同位語從句一般用來解釋或闡明這些名詞的詳細(xì)含義或內(nèi)容,在邏輯上體現(xiàn)為同位關(guān)系。

要突破同位語從句,需要注意如下幾點(diǎn):

一、對的使用同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。引導(dǎo)同位語從句的重要有連接詞that(不用which),whether(不用if)。

1.假如同位語從句意義完整,不缺乏句子成分,常用that引導(dǎo)同位語從句。例如:

Iheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.我聽到了我們隊(duì)獲勝的消息。

2.假如同位語從句表達(dá)"與否"含義時(shí),常用whether引導(dǎo)同位語從句。例如:

Hemustanswerthequestionwhetherheagreestoitornot.他必須回答他與否同意這樣一種問題。

[原題再現(xiàn)]

Alongwiththeletterwashispromise________hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.

A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether

答案:B

二、同位語從句與其中心詞可被謂語動(dòng)詞等其他成分分隔,此時(shí)要能分清句子構(gòu)造。例如:

Thethoughtcametohimthatmaybetheenemyhadfledthecity.他忽然想起也許敵人已經(jīng)逃出城了。

[原題再現(xiàn)]

①Astorygoes________ElizabethIofEnglandlikednothingmorethanbeingsurroundedbycleverandqualifiednoblemenatcourt.

A.whenB.whereC.whatD.that

②Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecars________roadconditionsneed________.

A.that;tobeimproved

B.which;tobeimproved

C.where;improving

D.when;improving

答案:①D②A

三、表達(dá)提議、命令、規(guī)定等的名詞(如suggestion,proposal,advice,order,request等)後接同位語從句時(shí),從句一般使用虛擬語氣,謂語動(dòng)詞用"(should)+動(dòng)詞原形"。例如:

Theteachergaveordersthatthework(should)befinishedbefore4o'clock.

Thesuggestionthatthestudents(should)haveplentyofexerciseisverygood.同位語從句講解與練習(xí)1．定義：用作同位語的從句叫做同位語從句。2.使用方法：同位語從句的先行詞多為fact,news,idea,thought,question,reply,report,remark等，關(guān)聯(lián)詞多用附屬連詞。如：Theywereallverymuchworriedoverthefactthatyouweresick.對你生病這件事，他們都很焦急。WheredidyougettheideathatIcouldnotcome?你在哪兒聽說我不能來？EarlyinthedaycamethenewsthatGermanyhaddeclaredwaronRussia.德國已對俄國宣戰(zhàn)的消息一大早就傳來了。注：同位語從句偶爾由附屬連詞whether引導(dǎo)。如：Ihavenoideawhetherhe’llcomeornot.我不懂得他與否來。連接代詞who,which,what和連接副詞where,when,why,how亦可引導(dǎo)同位語從句。Thequestionwhoshoulddotheworkrequiresconsideration.誰該干這項(xiàng)工作，這個(gè)問題需要考慮。Wehaven’tyetsettledthequestionwherewearegoingtospendoursummervacation.到哪兒去度暑假，這個(gè)問題我們還沒有決定。Itisaquestionhowhedidit.那是一種他怎樣做了此事的問題。1．that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句與定語從句之區(qū)別?

句法功能

意義

that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句

that只起連接從句的作用，無意義。在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分。不可省。

補(bǔ)充、闡明

that引導(dǎo)的定語從句

that替代先行詞在從句中不僅起連接作用，還充當(dāng)一種句子成分。如在從句中作動(dòng)詞的賓語時(shí)可省略。

修飾、限定

如：ThenewsthatMr.LiwillbeournewEnglishteacheristrue.(同位語從句，that不可省)李先生將是我們的新英語老師這個(gè)消息是真的。Thenews(that)hetoldmeyesterdayistrue.(定語從句，that在從句中作的賓語，可省)他昨天告訴我的消息是真的。2．某些表達(dá)“提議、命令、規(guī)定”的名詞後所跟的同位語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞用虛擬語氣should+動(dòng)詞原形表達(dá)。should可省。如：Thisisouronlyrequestthatthis(should)besettledassoonaspossible.這就是我們唯一的祈求：盡快處理這個(gè)問題。用合適的連接詞填空：1.Itworriedherabit_____herhairwasturninggray.2.Ihavenoidea_____wecandowiththesewastematerials.3.____thedoctorreallydoubtsis____mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.4.Itishoped____naturewillneverbedestroyed.5.____doyouguesswillgiveatalkonEnglishtomorrow?6.--IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.--Isthat____youhadafewdaysoff?7.Wordcame____Iwaswantedattheoffice.8.Doyouknow____ofthemwillbeournewheadmaster?9.Theteacherdidn’ttellme____wewerewrong.10.It’sgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild____heorshewants.B.單項(xiàng)選擇Itwastrue_____Alicedidsurprisedhermother.A.that

B.what

C.that,what

D.what,that2.Does____mattermuch____hecan’tcometothemeeting.A.it,if

B.that,if

C.it,whether

D.this,whether3.--Whatareyouanxiousabout?--____A.Howcanwesucceed

B.Whetherwecansucceed

C.Whencanwesucceed

D.Thatwecansucceed4.Thereason____thelittleactresshasbeensuchasuccessis____sheisbothcleverandhard-working.A.why,why

B.why,that

C.that,because

D.for,because5.____leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.A.Who

B.Whoever

C.Anyone

D.Theperson6.Ireallydon’tknow_____Ihadthisphototaken.A.whereitwasthat

B.itwasthatC.whereitwas

D.itwaswhy7.Dr.BlackcomesfromeitherOxfordorCambridge.Ican’tremember____.A.where

B.there

C.which

D.that8.--WhatdoyouthinkofChina?--____differentlifeistodayfrom____itusedtobe.A.How,what

B.What,what

C.How,that

D.What,that9.Givethisto____youthinkcandotheworkwell.A.who

B.whom

C.whoever

D.whomever10.____troublesmeis____Ican’tlearnalltheseEnglishidiomsbyheart.A.That,that

B.What,what

C.That,what

D.What,that11.Thefact____sheworkshardiswellknowntousall.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.which答案A.1.that

2.what

3.what,

whether4.that

5.who

6.why

7.

that

8.which9.where10.whateverB.1—5CABBB

6—10ACACD

11.A定語從句和同位語從句的區(qū)別同位語從句和定語從句很相似,但還是有區(qū)別的,區(qū)別重要在如下三方面:1.從詞類上區(qū)別同位語從句前面的名詞只能是idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order等有一定內(nèi)涵的名詞，而定語從句的先行詞可以是名詞、代詞、主句的一部分或是整個(gè)主句。如:Thepossibilitythatthemajorityofthelaborforcewillworkathomeisoftendiscussed.人們常常討論大多數(shù)勞動(dòng)力將會(huì)在家裏工作的也許性。(同位語從句)Wearenotlookingintothequestionwhetherheisworthtrusting.我們正在調(diào)查的問題不是他與否值得信賴的問題。(同位語從句)Wordcamethathehadbeenabroad.聽說他已經(jīng)出國了。(同位語從句)Ourteamhaswonthegame,whichmadeusveryhappy.我們的隊(duì)贏了,這讓我們很快樂。(定語從句)Thedoctorwhomyouarelookingforisintheroom.你找的那位醫(yī)生在房間裏面。(定語從句)Hismotherdidallshecouldtohelphimwithhisstudy.他媽媽盡她的最大努力協(xié)助他的學(xué)習(xí)。(定語從句,代詞all作先行詞)