原創(chuàng)外刊改編語(yǔ)法填空題打卡Day77 Tropicalforestlossincreasedby10%in2022From:FinancialTimesThelossoftheworld’s

tropical

primaryforestsincreased10percentyear-on-yearin2022,_____1_____treecoverequivalenttothesizeofSwitzerlanddestroyedglobally,accordingtonewresearch._____2_____increasecamedespiteapledgemadeby145countriesthe

previous

year_____3_____(halt)deforestationby2030,accordingtothereportpublishedonTuesdaybytheUniversityofMarylandandtheWorldResourcesInstitute’s

GlobalForestWatch.BrazilsignedtheCOP26pledgein2021,butthelargestlossoftropicalprimaryforest—

_____4_____(occur)

inareasofnatural,matureforestcover_____5_____havenotbeenclearedinrecenthistory—tookplaceinthecountryduringformerpresidentJairBolsonaro’sfinalyear

inoffice.Bolsonarohasbeenaccusedofturningablindeyetothe_____6______(soar)ratesofdeforestationduringhisfour-yearterm.

The

myriad

criminalgroupsthatoperateintheAmazon,includingillegal

loggers,

ranchers

andgoldminers,_____7______(accelerate)theiractivitieslastyeartomaximiseprofitsaheadofBolsonaro’s

anticipated

______8_____(elect)defeatinOctober,environmentalistssaid.Ghanaexperiencedanalmost70percentincreaseinprimaryforestlossin2022

comparedwith

2021—thelargestincreaseofanycountryinrecentyears.Muchoftheselosseswererelatedtococoaproduction,goldminingandfires_____9______happenedwithinareasofprotected

woodland.However,signsofpositivechangewereseeninMalaysiaandIndonesia,whoseratesoftropicalprimaryforestloss____10______(decline)tonear

record-low

levelsinrecentyears.Indonesiawasthe

standout

example,withnon-fire-relateddeforestationfalling75percentsince2016. Tropicalforestlossincreasedby10%in2022From:FinancialTimesThelossoftheworld’s

tropical

primaryforestsincreased10percentyear-on-yearin2022,withtreecoverequivalenttothesizeofSwitzerlanddestroyedglobally,accordingtonewresearch.Theincreasecamedespiteapledgemadeby145countriesthe

previous

yeartohalt(halt)deforestationby2030,accordingtothereportpublishedonTuesdaybytheUniversityofMarylandandtheWorldResourcesInstitute’s

GlobalForestWatch.BrazilsignedtheCOP26pledgein2021,butthelargestlossoftropicalprimaryforest—

occurring(occur)

inareasofnatural,matureforestcoverwhich/thathavenotbeenclearedinrecenthistory—tookplaceinthecountryduringformerpresidentJairBolsonaro’sfinalyear

inoffice.Bolsonarohasbeenaccusedofturningablindeyetothesoaring(soar)ratesofdeforestationduringhisfour-yearterm.

The

myriad

criminalgroupsthatoperateintheAmazon,includingillegal

loggers,

ranchers

andgoldminers,accelerated(accelerate)theiractivitieslastyeartomaximiseprofitsaheadofBolsonaro’s

anticipated

election(elect)defeatinOctober,environmentalistssaid.Ghanaexperiencedanalmost70percentincreaseinprimaryforestlossin2022

comparedwith

2021—thelargestincreaseofanycountryinrecentyears.Muchoftheselosseswererelatedtococoaproduction,goldminingandfiresandhappenedwithinareasofprotected

woodland.However,signsofpositivechangewereseeninMalaysiaandIndonesia,whoseratesoftropicalprimaryforestlosshavedeclined(decline)tonear

record-low

levelsinrecentyears.Indonesiawasthe

standout

example,withnon-fire-relateddeforestationfalling75percentsince2016.熱帶雨林面積2022年同比損失增加10%根據(jù)最新的一項(xiàng)研究，2022年全球原始熱帶雨林面積的損失同比增加了10%，相當(dāng)于全球范圍內(nèi)約一個(gè)瑞士國(guó)土面積大小的樹(shù)林面積被破壞。馬里蘭大學(xué)和世界資源研究所在《全球森林觀察》上于周二發(fā)布的報(bào)告顯示，盡管145個(gè)國(guó)家去年承諾到2030年停止森林砍伐，但森林損失面積的數(shù)字仍在增加。巴西于2021年簽署了COP26承諾，但在前總統(tǒng)雅伊爾·博爾索納羅執(zhí)政的最后一年，該國(guó)發(fā)生了最大的熱帶原始森林損失情況——這些森林損失發(fā)生在近年來(lái)尚未被清理的自然成熟森林覆蓋地區(qū)。人們指責(zé)博爾索納羅，在其四年的任期內(nèi)對(duì)森林砍伐率飆升視而不見(jiàn)。環(huán)保人士表示，在亞馬遜地區(qū)活動(dòng)的無(wú)數(shù)犯罪集團(tuán)，包括非法伐木工、牧場(chǎng)主和淘金者，去年加快實(shí)施了違法活動(dòng)，以便在10月博爾索納羅選舉失敗前實(shí)現(xiàn)利潤(rùn)最大化。與2021年相比，加納2022年的原始森林損失增加了近70%，是近年來(lái)增幅最大的國(guó)家。其中大部分與可可生產(chǎn)、金礦開(kāi)采和火災(zāi)有關(guān)，且發(fā)生在森林保護(hù)區(qū)內(nèi)。然而，馬來(lái)西亞和印度尼西亞出現(xiàn)了一些積極變化的跡象，近年來(lái)，這兩個(gè)國(guó)家的熱帶原始森林損失率已降至接近歷史最低水平。印度尼西亞是一個(gè)典型的例子，非火災(zāi)相關(guān)的森林砍伐量自2016年以來(lái)下降了75%。生詞積累tropicaladj.熱帶的，熱帶地區(qū)的；（天氣）濕熱的haltv.（使）停止行進(jìn)；阻止，中斷n.停止，中止inoffice在職；就職myriadn.無(wú)數(shù)，大量adj.無(wú)數(shù)的，大量的loggern.（美）樵夫，伐木工；記錄器ranchern.大農(nóng)場(chǎng)經(jīng)營(yíng)者；大農(nóng)場(chǎng)工人；牧場(chǎng)住宅anticipatev.預(yù)期，預(yù)料；預(yù)見(jiàn)（并做準(zhǔn)備）；期望原創(chuàng)外刊改編語(yǔ)法填空題打卡Day78YourMorningCoffeeMayBeaPlaceboWhilemanypeople

staunchly

believethattheycan'tstartthemorningwithoutagoodold

cupofjoe,scientistshavefoundthatourbrainsmightbelyingtousabouthowmuchweneedthatcoffee.Thefeelingofalertnessexperiencedbypeoplestartingthedaywithacupofcoffeemightactuallybemoreofa

placebo

effectrelatedto_____1_____experienceofdrinkingthecoffee,ratherthanonlyduetotheeffectsofthecaffeineitself,accordingtoa

paperpublishedinthejournal

FrontiersinBehavioralNeuroscience

onJune28.Inthepaper,theauthorsdescribehowtheyperformedMRIscansonpeoplewhousuallydrankatleastonecoffeeperday.TheyinitiallytooktheMRIscansaftertheparticipants_____2_____(refrain)

fromeatingordrinkingcaffeinatedbeveragesforatleastthreehours,_____3_____thenagainaftertheyhaddrankcoffee,orinstead,takencaffeine.Caffeineactsasacentralnervoussystemstimulant,binding____4_____

adenosine

receptorsthatusuallytrigger

drowsiness,

encouragingalertnessandallowingdopamineandotherstimulatingneurotransmitterstoact,increasingbrainactivity.Asaresult,consumingcaffeinecanaid

in

increasedenergy

andtheability____5______(concentrate),HarvardSchoolofPublicHealthreported.

Therefore,theauthorsexpectedthattheMRIscansafterdrinkingboththecaffeinatedcoffeeandtakingthecaffeinewouldresultinhigherintegrationofbrainnetworksthat_____6_____(link)totheprefrontal

cortex

(associatedwithexecutivememory),andthedefaultmodenetwork(involvedin

introspection

andself-reflectionprocesses).TheresultsoftheMRIrevealedthattheconnectivityofthe

default

modenetworkwasindeeddecreasedafterdrinkingcoffeeandaftertakingcaffeine,showingthatconsumingbothcaffeineandcoffeemade_____7_____easierforpeopletowakeupandfeelalert.

"Insimplewords,thesubjectswere____8______(prepare)foractionandalerttoexternalstimuliafterhavingcoffee."Theyalsofound,however,thatthosewhodrankcoffeealsohadincreasedconnectivityinthehighervisualnetworkandtherightexecutivecontrolnetwork,something_____9_____didn'thappeninthosewhoonlytookcaffeine.Thisindicatesthatthesepartsofthebrain,_____10_____(involve)inworkingmemory,cognitivecontrol,andgoal-directedbehavior,requiretheexperienceofdrinkingcoffee,notjustthecaffeine.YourMorningCoffeeMayBeaPlaceboWhilemanypeople

staunchly

believethattheycan'tstartthemorningwithoutagoodold

cupofjoe,scientistshavefoundthatourbrainsmightbelyingtousabouthowmuchweneedthatcoffee.Thefeelingofalertnessexperiencedbypeoplestartingthedaywithacupofcoffeemightactuallybemoreofa

placebo

effectrelatedtotheexperienceofdrinkingthecoffee,ratherthanonlyduetotheeffectsofthecaffeineitself,accordingtoa

paperpublishedinthejournal

FrontiersinBehavioralNeuroscience

onJune28.Inthepaper,theauthorsdescribehowtheyperformedMRIscansonpeoplewhousuallydrankatleastonecoffeeperday.TheyinitiallytooktheMRIscansaftertheparticipantshadrefrained(refrain)

fromeatingordrinkingcaffeinatedbeveragesforatleastthreehours,andthenagainaftertheyhaddrankcoffee,orinstead,takencaffeine.Caffeineactsasacentralnervoussystemstimulant,bindingto

adenosine

receptorsthatusuallytrigger

drowsiness,

encouragingalertnessandallowingdopamineandotherstimulatingneurotransmitterstoact,increasingbrainactivity.Asaresult,consumingcaffeinecanaid

in

increasedenergy

andtheabilitytoconcentrate(concentrate),HarvardSchoolofPublicHealthreported.

Therefore,theauthorsexpectedthattheMRIscansafterdrinkingboththecaffeinatedcoffeeandtakingthecaffeinewouldresultinhigherintegrationofbrainnetworksthatarelinked(link)totheprefrontal

cortex

(associatedwithexecutivememory),andthedefaultmodenetwork(involvedin

introspection

andself-reflectionprocesses).TheresultsoftheMRIrevealedthattheconnectivityofthe

default

modenetworkwasindeeddecreasedafterdrinkingcoffeeandaftertakingcaffeine,showingthatconsumingbothcaffeineandcoffeemadeiteasierforpeopletowakeupandfeelalert.

"Insimplewords,thesubjectsweremoreprepared(prepare)foractionandalerttoexternalstimuliafterhavingcoffee."Theyalsofound,however,thatthosewhodrankcoffeealsohadincreasedconnectivityinthehighervisualnetworkandtherightexecutivecontrolnetwork,somethingthatdidn'thappeninthosewhoonlytookcaffeine.Thisindicatesthatthesepartsofthebrain,involv