時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)

圖解時(shí)態(tài)PART01時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在過(guò)去將來(lái)過(guò)去將來(lái)一般一般現(xiàn)在一般過(guò)去一般將來(lái)過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行過(guò)去進(jìn)行將來(lái)進(jìn)行過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行完成現(xiàn)在完成過(guò)去完成將來(lái)完成過(guò)去將來(lái)完成完成進(jìn)行現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行過(guò)去將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)（16種）1.用法：①表經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)

②客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理。2.構(gòu)成：

主語(yǔ)+do/does主語(yǔ)+am/is/are例句：Athousand-milejourneybeginswiththefirststep.

Theearthgoesaroundthesun.3.標(biāo)志詞：always,often,usually,sometimes,onceaday/week/month/year,everyday,never,hardlyever（幾乎不),onMondays等.過(guò)去現(xiàn)在將來(lái)在含時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中如由when,if,assoonas,before,until，once,themoment等，用一般現(xiàn)在表將來(lái)，即主將從現(xiàn)。eg：IwillgowithyouassoonasIfinishmywork.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1.用法：①表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；

②也可表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。2.構(gòu)成：

主語(yǔ)+did主語(yǔ)+was/were例句：Theclasswasdifficult,buttheteacherwaskindandfriendly.Thisafternoon,wehadourchemistryclassinthesciencelab.3.標(biāo)志詞：lastnight,yesterday,lastweek/month/year,someyearsago,in1995,inthepast,theotherday,atthattime,justnow.過(guò)去現(xiàn)在將來(lái)一般過(guò)去時(shí)1.用法：表示在將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)2.構(gòu)成：①

begoingto+v.原→表示計(jì)劃做某事/有跡象要發(fā)生某事②will+v.原

例句：Ithinkthattomorrow

willbeagreatday!

IbelieveIwillmakenewfriendshere,andthere’salottoexploreatseniorhigh.3.標(biāo)志詞：tomorrow,nextmonth,intwodays,soon，thedayaftertomorrow過(guò)去現(xiàn)在將來(lái)補(bǔ)：①go,come,leave,stay,start,begin等用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)時(shí)。表即將發(fā)生或安排好要做的事。Eg:WeareleavingforLondon.②

beaboutto+v.原

=begoingto③beto+v.原,都表將來(lái),“

馬上做某事”Thetrainisabouttostart.Sheistobemarriednextmonth.一般將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)

1.用法：表示從過(guò)去的某一時(shí)間看將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中。即：在過(guò)去看將來(lái)

2.構(gòu)成：

woulddo或was/weregoingtodo例句：Ithoughttheywouldcometohelpme.Theyknewthattherewasgoingtobeseveralproblems.Theytoldmethattheywouldhaveaclassmeeting.Shesaidthatshewouldgotherebyherself.過(guò)去現(xiàn)在將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)同步練習(xí)1.Thefestivaltraditionally__________(begin)onthefirstdayofthefirstmonthintheChinesecalendarandendswithLanternFestivalwhichisonthefifthday.2.Ourhostssharedmanyoftheirexperiencesand_____________(recommend)wonderfulplacestoeat,shop,andvisit.3.He__________(attend)animportantmeetingnextSaturday.4.Iftheirmarketingplanssucceed,they_____________(increase)theirsalesby20percent.5.Hesaidthathe__________(come)backinfiveminutes.beginsrecommendedwillattendwillincreasewouldcome

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1.用法：①表此時(shí)此刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；②現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。2.構(gòu)成：

am/is/are+doing例句：Someoftheothersareeatingatthepark,butthefoodthereisreallyexpensive.MyparentsandIareplanningtogotoXi’antoseetheTerracottaArmy.3.標(biāo)志詞：now,thesedays,Listen!Look!rightnow,atthemoment,atpresent過(guò)去現(xiàn)在將來(lái)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)往往與constantly,always,forevercontinually,allthetime等狀語(yǔ)連用，

表示一種反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，帶有“厭惡”、“贊嘆”等感情色彩

eg:She’sconstantlycomplaining.

過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)1.用法：①表示過(guò)去某時(shí)或某段時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，

②常與從句等特定的過(guò)去時(shí)間連用。2.構(gòu)成：was/were+doing

3.標(biāo)志詞：thismorning,thewholemorning,alldayyesterday例句：TheywerewatchingTVatthistimelastnight.昨晚這個(gè)時(shí)候他們正在看電視。Hesaidhewashavingsupperat6o’clockyesterday.他說(shuō)他昨天6點(diǎn)鐘正在吃晚飯。過(guò)去現(xiàn)在將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)同步練習(xí)

1.Look,thechildren__________(play)basketballontheplayground.2.He__________(listen)totheradiowhenIcamein.3.Hurryup,kids!Theschoolbus____________(wait)forus.4.I______________(watch)TVfrom7：00pm.to8:00pm.yesterday.5.She____________(cook)atthattime.areplayingwaslisteningiswaitingwaswatchingwascooking

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1.構(gòu)成：①

主+has/have+done2.用法：①表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成了影響和結(jié)果，常與already,yet,

never,ever,

lately，recently,

sofar,

uptonow，tillnow,bynow等副詞連用。eg：Haveyoureadthebookyet?

你看了那本書(shū)嗎？②現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（還有可能持續(xù)下去）常與for+時(shí)間段,since+時(shí)間點(diǎn);in/for/duringthepast/lastfewyears連用,多為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。

eg：IhavewatchedTVfortwohours.過(guò)去現(xiàn)在將來(lái)

過(guò)去完成時(shí)1.結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+haddone

2.用法:①一件事情發(fā)生在過(guò)去，而另一件事先于它發(fā)生（即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”）發(fā)生在前的事情的動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成。

Ihadlearnt5000wordsbeforeIenteredtheuniversity.

②表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到過(guò)去的另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作，常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：until/by/before/bytheendof

+“表過(guò)去的某一時(shí)間”。Bytheendoflastyear,wehadbuiltfivenewhouses.過(guò)去現(xiàn)在將來(lái)過(guò)去的過(guò)去ThisisthefirsttimethatIhavebeentoLondon.Itwasthwthirdtimethathehadmadethesamemistake.特殊句型It/This/Thatis/willbethefirst/second...timethat+從句（現(xiàn)完）It/This/Thatwasthefirst/second...timethat+從句（過(guò)完）時(shí)態(tài)同步練習(xí)1.Inthelastfiveyears,Cao__________(walk)through34countriesinsixcontinents,andin2016,hereachedthetopofKilimanjaro,Africa'shighestmountain.2.Since2011,thecountry___________(grow)morecornthanrice.3.Byabout6000BC，people______________(discover）thebestcropstogrowandanimalstoraise．haswalkedhasgrownhaddiscovered時(shí)態(tài)綜合練習(xí)一Mymother

(play)thepianoeverySunday.Ourmathteacher

(grade)ourschoolworknow.Bytheendoflastyear,we

(produce)20,000cars.Mybrother

(go)toLondonlastsummer.Wewereallsurprisedwhenhemadeitclearthathe_______________

(leave)officesoon.Inthepasttenyears,China

(witness)greatchanges.Anewteacher_(come)tomorrow.We

(have)amathclassatthistimeyesterday.playsisgradinghadproducedwentwouldleavehaswitnessedwillcomewerehaving

時(shí)態(tài)綜合練習(xí)一9.Wewereallsurprisedwhenhemadeitclearthathe____________(leave)officesoon.10.Inthepasttenyears,China________________(witness)greatchanges.11.Anewteacher_____________(come)tomorrow.12.We________________(have)amathclassatthistimeyesterday.13.…In1969,thepollutionwasterriblealongtheCuyahogaRivernearCleveland,Ohio.It______(be）unimaginablethatitcouldeverbecleanedup.…14.…Infact,Idon’tliketogoanymore,butI’mafraidI__________(lose)theirfriendship.WhatdoyouthinkIshoulddo?Ifyouwereme,wouldyoutalktothem?wouldleavehaswitnessedwillcomewerehavingwaswilllose語(yǔ)態(tài)PART02STEP1STEP3Thedefinitionofvoices

我們每天都打掃教室。教室每天都被我們打掃。Wecleantheclassroomeveryday.Theclassroomiscleanedbyuseveryday.Whatisthedifference?STEP1STEP3主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。ThedefinitionofvoicesWecleantheclassroomeveryday.Theclassroomiscleanedbyuseveryday.發(fā)出者動(dòng)作承受者承受者發(fā)出者動(dòng)作STEP3Thestructureofpassivevoice一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am/is/are+done一般過(guò)去時(shí)：was/were+done一般將來(lái)時(shí)：will+bedone過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：would+bedoneBe+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：Theclassroomuseveryday.一般過(guò)去時(shí)：Theclassroomusyesterday.一般將來(lái)時(shí)：Theclassroomustomorrow.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：Theclassroomusthenextday.iscleanedbywascleanedbywillbecleanedby

wouldbecleanedby

STEP3ThestructureofpassivevoiceBe+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am/is/arebeingdone過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：was/werebeingdone現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：Theclassroomusnow.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：Theclassroomusatthattimeyesterday.isbeingcleanedbywasbeingcleanedby

STEP3ThestructureofpassivevoiceBe+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/hasbeendone過(guò)去完成時(shí)：hadbeendone情態(tài)動(dòng)詞:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+bedone現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：Theclassroomusfortwohours.過(guò)去完成時(shí)：Theclassroom

us

fortwohoursyesterday.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：Theclassroomus.hasbeencleanedbyhadbeencleanedby

mustbecleanedby

STEP3主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)，賓格變主格。謂語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，be+過(guò)去分詞主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)，主格變賓格，并由by引導(dǎo)，有時(shí)可以省略。

He

writes

alettereveryweek.Aletteriswrittenbyhimeveryweek.賓語(yǔ)提前主語(yǔ)變，原主變賓by后見(jiàn)，時(shí)態(tài)人稱be關(guān)鍵。STEP3主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，保留直接賓語(yǔ)。直接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，保留間接賓語(yǔ)，并且在間接賓語(yǔ)前+to/for

She

sentmeacard.Acardwassentbyher.tomeI

wassentbyher.acardSTEP3主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)主動(dòng)句中的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，保留賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。

He

told

ustocleantheclassroom.Weweretoldbyhim.tocleantheclassroomSTEP3注意事項(xiàng)主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義(1)look,smell,taste,feel,sound,prove等系動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)意義。例:Thecakesmellsdelicious.蛋糕聞起來(lái)很香。(2)wash,open,read,write,cut,sell,drive等詞作不及物動(dòng)詞且它們的主語(yǔ)為物，可用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)意義。例:Theclothwasheswell.這種布料好洗。Thebooksellsquickly.這書(shū)銷售得快。

STEP3注意事項(xiàng)主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義(3)beworth+doing表示“值得...”例:Thisfilmisworthseeing.這部電影值得看。

(4)want/need/require+doing表示“需要”=want/need/require+tobedone例:Mywatchneedsrepairing/toberepaired.我的手表需要修理。Myclotheswantwashing/tobewashed.我的衣服需要洗了。

STEP3注意事項(xiàng)不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情況(1)不及物動(dòng)詞happen,takeplace,die,rise，cometrue等沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例：Allyourdreamswillcometrueifyoutryyourbest.(2)當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)為某些表示狀態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞,cost,have,

own,hold，last等時(shí)，不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例:Ourholidaylasts10days.

同步練習(xí)1.Drivers_____________(require)toswitchofftheirmobilephonewhiledrivingnowadays.2.It_____________(build)originallytoprotectthecityintheTangdynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored(修復(fù)).3.Whenfatandsalt_____________(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.4.Trulyelegantchopsticksmight___________(make)ofgoldandsilverwithChinesecharacters.arerequiredwasbuiltareremovedbemade四、主謂一致主謂一致練習(xí)1.Thenumberofpeopleinvitedtotheparty____________(be)fifty,butanumberofthem____________(be)absentfordifferentreasons.2.Notonlythemotherbutalsothechildren____________(be)therethen.3.There__________(be)lotsofpeopleattherestaurantwhenIgotthere.4.Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntil

tomorrow_______(be)oftenacceptable.5.Thepolice_______(be)determinedtobringbackthethievesinorderforfurtherinvestigation.isarewerewereiswere時(shí)態(tài)綜合練習(xí)二1.Mymother___________(play)thepianoeverySunday.2.Ourmathteacher_____________(grade)ourschoolworknow.3.Bytheendoflastyear,we_________________(produce)20,000cars.4.Mybrother___________(go)toLondonlastsummer.5.Webelievethat,withthejointeffortsofbothteachersandstudents,ourschool_______________(become)amoreenjoyableplaceinthenearfuture.6.Uptonow,theprogra