湖北武漢市蔡甸區(qū)漢陽(yáng)第一中學(xué)2025年高三調(diào)研測(cè)試英語(yǔ)試題試卷注意事項(xiàng):1．答題前，考生先將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)碼填寫(xiě)清楚，將條形碼準(zhǔn)確粘貼在條形碼區(qū)域內(nèi)。2．答題時(shí)請(qǐng)按要求用筆。3．請(qǐng)按照題號(hào)順序在答題卡各題目的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)作答，超出答題區(qū)域書(shū)寫(xiě)的答案無(wú)效；在草稿紙、試卷上答題無(wú)效。4．作圖可先使用鉛筆畫(huà)出，確定后必須用黑色字跡的簽字筆描黑。5．保持卡面清潔，不要折暴、不要弄破、弄皺，不準(zhǔn)使用涂改液、修正帶、刮紙刀。第一部分（共20小題，每小題1.5分，滿分30分）1．ifIhadarrivedyesterdaywithoutlettingyouknowbeforehand?A．Wouldyoubesurprised B．WereyousurprisedC．Hadyoubeensurprised D．Wouldyouhavebeensurprised2．—WillUnclePetersoncometomybirthdaypartytomorrow?—Pityhe______toZimbabweasavolunteerteacher.A．wassentB．hasbeensentC．hadbeensentD．wouldbesent3．—Whatitbe?—Itbeaman,foritisnotmoving.Itbeadustbin,Ithink.A．can;may;must B．can;can’t;mustC．can;must;can D．may;maynot;could4．Visittheoldmanthisafternoon？Ifyou________，makesureyouwearsunscreenstoprotectyourskin.A．must B．canC．may D．shall5．Theyintendedtohavetheschoolbetterequipped，thelocalgovernmentwas notabletogetenoughmoneytodoso.A．unless B．while C．a(chǎn)lthough D．once6．Effortswillbemadeto______newteachingmodelstoexploitthestudents’potential.A．a(chǎn)ccelerateB．innovateC．differentiateD．compile7．JamesSmithandhisgirlfriendwenttoChenyiSquaretocelebratetheNewYear,never_________.A．returned B．toreturnC．returning D．havingreturned8．Facetheproblembravelyandyou______anewwaytosuccess.A．findB．foundC．willfindD．havefound9．SheseemstopreferAmericanTVShowstotalkingtome．A．towatch B．tobewatching C．watching D．havingwatched10．________thestudentsfromtheirendlesshomeworktheschoolhasdecidedtotakeaseriesofmeasures.A．Freed B．TofreeC．Freeing D．Havingfreed11．______toworkovertimethatevening,Imissedawonderfulfilm.A．HavingbeenaskedB．ToaskC．HavingaskedD．Tobeasked12．Daniel’sfamily________theirholidayinHuangshanthistimenextweek.A．a(chǎn)reenjoying B．a(chǎn)retoenjoy C．willenjoy D．willbeenjoying13．—TellmesomethingabouthismatchinSydney.—Well，hegotthechampionship，wehadexpected.Hemadeitatlast.A．a(chǎn)s B．what C．why D．how14．Don’tletyourselfbe______intobuyingthingsyoudon’treallywant.A．a(chǎn)dvocated B．clarified C．flashed D．persuaded15．--Couldyoupleasecutthepricealittle?--Er..._________youbuymorethanten.A．evenif B．solongas C．incase D．a(chǎn)ssoonas16．—Whereonearthhavetheygone?—Ihavenoidea,butIwishI.A．know B．knew C．wouldknow D．wouldhaveknown17．Hehasnoideawhatthebookisabout．Hehavereaditverycarefully．A．needn’t B．shouldn’t C．can’t D．mustn’t18．—Don’tmakeaspecialjourneytopickupthelaundryforme.—It’sOK.I________totheshopanyway.A．wasgoingB．willhavegoneC．havegoneD．willbegoing19．---Whenshallwestartthereconstructionofthehistoricbuilding? ---Notuntilourprogram______bytheauthority. A.willapprove B.willbeapprovedC.hasapproved D.hasbeenapproved20．Wearetoholdthesportsmeetingnextweekend,________theairqualitybecomesbetter.A．which B．whenC．where D．while第二部分閱讀理解（滿分40分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。21．（6分）Playingamusicalinstrumentthroughout:yourlifeprotectsyourhearinginoldage,aCanadianstudysuggests.Thestudy,publishedinPsychologyandAging,carriedouthearingtestson74adultmusiciansand89non-musicians.Itfounda70-year-oldmusician’shearingwasasgoodasthatofa50-year-oldwhodidnotplay.Hearingnormallydeclinesaspeopleage.By60,10-30%ofpeoplehavemoderatehearingloss.By80,thatgoesuptoasmanyas60%.Problemsareparticularlyseeninthecentralauditory(聽(tīng)覺(jué)的)processingsystem,whichisassociatedwithunderstandingspeech,especiallywhenthereisbackgroundnoise.Previousstudieshaveshownmusicianshavebetterhearingthannon-players.Butthisresearch,byateamattheRotmanResearchInstituteinToronto,lookedatadultsofallages-from3to91-toseehowpeoplewereaffectedastheyaged.Theycarriedouthearingtestson74amateurandprofessionalmusicians(whohadplayedsincetheageof1,werestillpractisingandhadbeengivenformalmusiclessons)and89non-musicians(whohadneverplayedaninstrument).Musiciansweresignificantlybetteratpickingoutspeechagainstnoise.Theresearcherssuggestthatlifelongmusicianshipreducesage-relatedchangesinthebrain,probablyduetomusiciansusingtheirauditorysystemsatahighlevelonaregularbasis.TheheadofbiomedicalresearchatActiononHearingLoss,DrRalphHolme,said:“Whilethisstudysuggeststhatmusiciansmightbemoreabletocopewiththeconsequencesofhearingloss,itisfarbettertoreducedamageinthefirstplacebyusingappropriateearprotection.Wehavealwayscampaingnedforeveryonewhoplaysamusicalinstrumentorlistenstoloudmusictowearhearingprotection,likeearplugs,whichreducetheriskofdamagingyourhearingpermanently.”1、WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph2?A．Apersonaged80willlose30%hearing.B．Apersonagedabove60musthavebadhearing.C．Peoplehavefewerproblemswithbackgroundnoise.D．People’shearingusuallybecomesworsewhentheygetolder.2、WhatcanwegetfromtheCanadianstudy?A．Ittestedthehearingof12people.B．Thefindingofthestudywasn’tpublishedpublicly.C．Playingamusicalinstrumentmaydogoodtohearing.D．Musicianswereasgoodatpickingoutspeechagainstnoiseasnon-musicians.3、Whydon’tmusicianschangemuchintheirbrainastheyage?A．Theyliketotakemoreexercise.B．Theyusetheirhearingmoreandregularly.C．Theydon’texposethemselvestobackgroundnoise.D．Theypaymoreattentiontoprotectingtheirhearing.4、HowcanwedealwithhearinglossaccordingtoDrRalphHolme?A．Gethelpfrommusicians.B．Listentoloudmusicless.C．Protecthearingproperly.D．Playamusicalinstrumentmore.5、Theauthorwrotethepassageto________.A．entertainthereadersB．a(chǎn)dvertiseamusicalinstrumentC．complainaboutpeople’shearinglossD．informreadersofaresearchonhearing22．（8分）CurrentCulture:IsCommonCultureAlive?Thedigitizingandglobalizingworldischangingtheworkingofculture.Assomeseeit,citiesandnationsarelosingtheircommoncultureandtheirgeneralspirit:peoplecannolongercountonthosearoundthemvaluinganyofthesamemusicorfilms.Othersarguethatacommoncultureisnotdyingsomuchaschangingforms:itislessandlessattachedtoaparticularareaandevermorelinkedtoglobalnetworks.Thefactsleadtothechangethatanyonecanbecomeaculturalproducertoday,thatthecultureisincreasinglyavailableeverywhereyouwantit,andwheneveryouwantit,notjustinthetwomonthsafterthemovieorbookcameout.Culturalpossibilitieshavemultipliedasaresult,butthechangealsomeansfewerculturalmoments.Itiseasytofindthechangeintermsoflossofdiversityofsociety.Sowhatwillitmeanifglobalizationturnsusintoonewideworldculture?Fortheenthusiastsofthesechanges,cultureisnotaboutpopularartistsorbooks,butcentersonplatformslikeGoogleandWikipedia,whereeveryvarietyofculturebringsabouttheexchangeofknowledgeandideas,andmakesconnectionsacrossboundaries.Itisperhapsdebatablewhethertwopeoplewhohaveparticipatedinsuchwebsites,butintotallydifferentcornersofthem,havehadaculturalexperienceincommon.Infact,theseplatformsbecomeverysuccessfulwithalargecrowdofpeople,whobuildthingstogether,shareinformation,andforwardarticlesbackandforth.Therearestillmorequestions.Whatdoesitmeanforthefutureofcountriesthatculturenowgoesbeyondthelimitsofthenation?Isthereanythingtodefendandpreserveinthepassingculturalworld,oristhatmerelytofavorpenoverprintingpress,horseoverautomobile?Uptonowagrowingquantityofculturehasbeengloballyspreadinganddeveloping.Moreindividuals(個(gè)人)thaneverhavethechancestobemakersofculture,evenifthatmeansmoretochoosefromandfewerstandardstobereachedincommon.Whatitmeansisthisstrangefeeling:thatofbeingmoreconnectedthanever,withone-clickaccesstosomuchoftheculturalharvestaroundtheworld,andyet,ofbeingstarvedforhavingsimilarinterestsandopinionswithothers,concernedonlywithourselves.1、675．InParagraph1theauthorindicates______.A．themissingofcommoncultureB．theculturaldiversityamongpeopleC．thedisadvantageinthedigitizingsocietyD．thedoublestandardofculturalevaluation2、677．ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3that______.A．peoplefeelsatisfiedwiththecurrentcultureB．enthusiastslookforcurrentculturefromfamousartistsC．disappearanceofcommoncultureisaproblemtobesolvedD．commonculturemayexitintowebsitesthatconnecttheworld3、679．Accordingtotheauthor,theincreaseofculturalpossibilitiescanbecausedby______.A．a(chǎn)greementwithcommoncultureB．individualsasculturalproducersC．popularartistsandbooksavailableD．a(chǎn)reductionindevelopmentofculture4、681．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardscurrentculture?A．Uninterested.B．Approving.C．Uncertain.D．Critical.23．（8分）ASouthKoreanmanandthe21ducklingshehasbeenraisingashischildreneversincetheyhatchedhavebeenbreakingtheinternetwiththeiramazingbond.Avideothatrecentlywentviralinthewesternworldshowsthecutebirdsfollowingtheir“mother”onamountainhikeandlisteningtohiseverycommand.Themiddle-agedman,whosenameisnotrevealedinthevideo,hasbeentakingcareofhis21ducklingseversincetheywereeggs,makingsuretheincubation(孵化)periodwentsmoothly,andevenhelpingthetinybirdsbreakthroughtheirshellwhenitcametimetohatch.Hewasthefirstthingtheylaideyesoninthisworld,andhehasremainedthemostimportantfigureintheirlivessince.Ducklingsnaturallyfollowtheirmotheraround,andsincethemanwastheonewhoactedastheirmother,thesebirdsfollowhimeverywhere,evenupamountain.Tothemit’sonlynatural,butthemiddle-agedmanconsidersittrainingandconditioningforthetimewhenhefinallyreleasesthemintothewild.Hewouldlovetoraisethemallaspets,butknowsthatwouldn’tbeidealforhimorthebirds,sohe’smakingsurethattheyarestrongenoughtosurviveinthewild.Thevideoshowstheducksfollowingthemiddle-agedmanashehikesupamountainoutsideSeoul,stoppingwheneverhedoesandrefusingtofollowanyoneelse,eveniftheygivethesame“l(fā)et’sgo”commandtheirhumanmotherdoes.Unlesstheyhearhisvoiceandseehimmoving,theydon’tbudge.It’sactuallyquiteremarkable.Imean,it’sonethingtoseedogsactinglikethis,butducklings?That’ssomethingelse.Whileit’snotclearwhatthemandoesforaliving,I’mprettysurehehasalotofexperiencewithducks,asatonepointherevealsacertificatefor“fatherofducklings”dated2005.1、Whatcanwelearnfromthevideo?A．Theducklingsjustbrokethroughtheirshells.B．Themanaccidentallysavedsomeducklings.C．Theducklingsjustobeyedthemannaturally.D．Themantookprideinhisducklings.2、What’stheman’spurposeofraisingtheducklings?A．Tomakealivingbyperforming.B．Tofilmavideotoattractattention.C．Tofreethemintothewildoneday.D．Tomakeacontributiontoabirdreserve.3、Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“budge”inParagraph4?A．Attack. B．Move.C．End. D．Struggle.4、Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．“Father”and“mother”ofcutepetsB．Manraisesducklingsashis“children”C．DucklingsalsoregardedasgoodpetsD．Amazingbondbetweenmanandanimals24．（8分）Theresearcherssayapersonlosestwomonthsforeverykilogramoverweighttheyare—andsevenyearsforsmokingapacketofcigarettesaday.Unusually,theEdinburghuniversityteamfoundtheiranswersbyanalysingdifferencesinpeople’sgeneticcodeorDNA．Finallytheythinkitwillshownewwaysofhelpingustolivelonger.Thegroupusedthegeneticcodeofmorethan600,000peoplewhoaretakingpartinanaturalexperiment.Ifsomeonesmokes,drinks,dropsoutofschoolandisoverweight,itcanbedifficulttoidentifytheimpactofonespecificunhealthybehavior.Instead,theresearchersturnedtothenaturalexperiment.Somepeoplecarrymutations(變異)intheirDNAthatincrease(食欲)ormakethemmorelikelytoputonweight,soresearcherswereabletocomparethoseprogrammedtoeatmorewiththosewhowerenot.TheresearchteamalsofoundspecificmutationsinhumanDNAthatalterlifespan(壽命).●Mutationsinagene(asetofinstructionsinDNA)thatisinvolvedinrunningtheimmunesystemcouldaddsevenmonthsoflifeonaverage.●Peoplewithamutationthatincreasedlevelsofbadcholesterolknockedeightmonthsofflifespan.●Araremutationinagene—APOE—linkedtodementiareducedlifespanby11months.●Andonethatmadesmokingmoreappealingcutlivesbyfivemonths.DrJoshisaysthatwhilegenesdoinfluencelifespan,“you’vegotevenmoreinfluence”throughthechoicesyoumake.DrJoshisaid,“Wehopetodiscovergenesaffectinglifespantogiveusnewinformationaboutageingandconstructtreatmenttorageing.”Therearealsosomediseasemutationsthatclearlyaffectlifespanandtodestructiveeffect,suchastheHuntington’sgene.PeoplewithHuntington’softendieintheir20s.However,inordertofollowpeopleuntiltheendoftheirlives,manyofthepeoplestudiedwerebornbefore1940.1、Whatisthemostdifficultfortheresearcherstofind?A．Thedifferencesinpeople’sgeneticcode.B．Thereasonswhypeopleputonweightveryeasily.C．Theresultsofmanynaturalandmassiveexperiments.D．Onebadbehaviour’seffectonpeoplewithmanybadbehaviours.2、Whichofthefollowingmutationsaffectslifespanmostgreatly?A．Onelinkedtocontrollingimmunesystem.B．Oneincreasingunhealthycholesterol.C．OnecalledAPOEinvolvedindementia.D．Onemakingsmokingmoreattractive.3、What’sthemeaningofDrJoshi’sstudy?A．Tohelpstopmutations.B．TOfinddiseasesearlier.C．TOmakepeoplelivelonger.D．TOreducetheeffectsofgenes.4、Whydidresearchersmainlystudypeoplebornbefore1940?A．Tofollowthemuntiltheydie.B．TOeducatethemanextrayear.C．Toshowtheyaremoreimportant.D．Tomakethemlivehappier.25．（10分）VisaMedicalAppointmentForyourappointmentyoumustbring·Yourvalidoriginalpassport.Drivinglicenseisnotaccepted.·HAPID(體檢號(hào))andyoure-MedicalReferralLetter.·Prescriptionglassesorcontactlenses.·Anyspecialist’sreport／saboutyourmedicalcondition.Atvisamedicalassessment·Aphoneinterpreterwillbemadeavailableuponrequest.·Youwillberequiredtochangeintoamedicalshirtprovidedforyourvisamedicalassessment.WerecommendthatfemaleapplicantsNOTwearadressorclothingwhichisdifficulttoremovetotheappointment.·Ifyouarehavinganx-ray，youwillbeaskedtoremoveallnecklacesandneckchainsandtielonghairback.Werequestvaluablesnotbebroughttotheassessment.Changeroomsandlockerswillbeavailabletostoreyourbelongings，includingyourmobilephonewhichmustbekeptinalockerduringyourassessment.ImportantinformationforyourappointmentBloodTestYouarerequiredtohaveabloodtest，pleaseeatanddrinkasnormalbeforeyourappointment.Thereisnoneedtofast.ArrivingforyourappointmentPleasearriveontimeforyourappointmentandallowapproximately2hoursforyourassessmenttobecompleted.PregnancyIfyouarepregnant，pleasecallourcontactcentreon1300794919asitmayaffectyoubeingabletoproceedwiththeassessment.Menstruation(生理期)Ifyouhavebookedyourappointmentwhenmenstruating，pleasegoonlinetorescheduleyourappointmentsoitfalls4—6daysafteryouhavefinishedmenstruating.FormoreinformationPleasevisitourwebsite.auBupaMedicalVisaServicesCustomerService1、Whatshouldapplicantstakefortheappointment?A．Drivinglicense.B．Passportcopy.C．MedicalReferralLetter.D．Sunglasses.2、Whatisrequiredtododuringthex-ray?A．Totakeoffalljewellery.B．Tohavelonghaircut.C．Tohaveonformalclothing.D．Totakeamobilephonealong.3、Whichisthespecialinformationforwomen?A．Eatinganddrinkingasnormal.B．Keepingsecretaboutthepregnancy.C．Allowingatleasttwohoursforthetest.D．Delayingtheappointmentduetomenstruation.第三部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)）第一節(jié)（每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)．26．（30分）EveryafternoonIgivemyselfsometime.I1withacupofrichdarkchocolate,and2agoodbook.Alltomyself!My3timeoftheday.Untiltoday.TodayGabejoinedme.Hewasalloverme,4atmyarm,andwantingtoplay.Andlwasgettingannoyed.Icouldfeelallthis5buildinginside,thinking"thisismytime”．Iassureyou.Iamagreatmother,6I'malsohuman.Ithinkthesethoughtsoften,butwhatI'mmost7ofisnotactingonthese80rlivingthemout.Sotherelwasholdingitallinside9Gabecontinuedtoclimballovermeuntilthat10steppedin.Itsaid:“Nicole.Don'tbesoself-centered,caringonlyaboutYOUand"your11”.Thereare24hoursinadayandwhosaysthisoneisyours.Gabe12youandinayearfromnow,6monthsfromnow,13anhourfromnow,hewon'tbeneedingyour14andaffectionlikehedoesnow.Sogiveit.Notwhenit's15foryou,butwhenit'sneeded.16thatbook.Embracehim.Lovehim.”SoIdid.Foralmostanhour.AndIstillenjoyedmyhotcup,andmychocolate.Iwaseven17books!Kidsones.Andwithagoodstoryandmoral!Icannever18lifeoreverthinkinanywaythatIcancontrolitbecausesometimeslifehassomethingmuch19thanplanned.ThisisagreatlessonformeandsomethingIam20workingonwithinmyself.1、A．dressupB．turnupC．sitdownD．watchover2、A．buyB．enjoyC．writeD．share3、A．favoriteB．preciousC．hardD．unhappy4、A．laughingB．pointingC．staringD．pulling5、A．a(chǎn)ngerB．encouragementC．wisdomD．pleasure6、A．orB．butC．soD．for7、A．proudB．sureC．tiredD．a(chǎn)fraid8、A．positionsB．conditionsC．theoriesD．thoughts9、A．incaseB．a(chǎn)sifC．a(chǎn)sD．a(chǎn)lthough10、A．personB．voiceC．orderD．complaint11、A．timeB．hobbyC．healthD．wealth12、A．bothersB．hatesC．needsD．comforts13、A．everB．stillC．yetD．even14、A．directionB．loveC．wisdomD．bravery15、A．dangerousB．necessaryC．easyD．convenient16、A．HoldonB．PickupC．ThrowawayD．Putdown17、A．desertingB．readingC．ignoringD．keeping18、A．denyB．valueC．improveD．plan19、A．betterB．earlierC．quickerD．worse20、A．selflesslyB．a(chǎn)nxiouslyC．currentlyD．a(chǎn)ctually第二節(jié)（每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。27．（15分）Areyoufacingasituationthatlooksimpossibletofix?In1969,thepollutionwasterriblealongtheCuyahogaRiverCleveland,OhioIt1．(be)unimaginablethatitcouldeverbecleanedupTheriverwassopollutedthatit2．(actual)caughtfireandburnedNow,yearslater,thisriverisoneof3．mostoutstanding（杰出的）examplesofenvironmentalcleanupButtheriverwasn’tchangedinafewdays4．evenafewmonthsIttookyearsofwork5．(reduce)theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewaterFinally,thathardworkpaidoffandnowthewaterintheriveris6．(clean)thaneverMaybeyouarefacinganimpossiblesituationMaybeyouleaveahabit7．isdrivingyourfamilycrazyPossiblyyoudrinktoomuchordon’tknowhowtocontrolyourcreditcarduseWhenyoufacesuchanimpossiblesituation,don’tyouwantaquickfixandsomethingtochangeimmediately?Whilethereare8．(amaze)storiesofinstanttransformation,formostofusthe9．(change)aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork,likecleaningupapollutedriverJustbe10．(patience)第四部分寫(xiě)作（共兩節(jié)）第一節(jié)短文改錯(cuò)（滿分10分）28．（10分）假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同學(xué)們交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫(xiě)的以下作文。文中共有10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯(cuò)誤涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)(Λ)，并在其下面寫(xiě)上該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(＼)劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫(xiě)上修改后的詞。注意：1．每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2、只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。Thismorning,ourschoolheldafiredrill.Wewerelisteningtotheteacherattentivelyinthemathclasswhileweheardthefirealarmfromthespeakeronthewall.Theteachersstoppedteachingimmediatelyandinstructingustoexittheclassroominorder.Whenitgotintothepassageway,wefoundweweresurroundedbyheavysmokesomewhere.Itwaschokingandourtearsrandown.Webentdown,coveredourmouthswithhandkerchiefs,andrandownstairsrapidintotheopenontheplayground,justaswehadtaughtbefore.Whenwecomebacktoourclassroom,wegaveasummaryofthisfiredrill.Ithinkthefiredisastersoftenhappen.Soweshouldknowthetipstoescapefromafireforcaseofemergency.第二節(jié)書(shū)面表達(dá)（滿分25分）29．（25分）近日你所在的學(xué)校開(kāi)展了”為建設(shè)節(jié)約型社會(huì)獻(xiàn)一計(jì)”主題活動(dòng)，同學(xué)們提出了許多建議。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)以下要點(diǎn)，用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇短文向EnglishHorizons雜志編輯部投稿：有人建議：1.不浪費(fèi)糧食和紙張；2.盡量不使用方便筷、塑料袋；3.畢業(yè)生將書(shū)贈(zèng)給低年級(jí)同學(xué)循環(huán)使用；你的建議……注意：1.不