v1.0可編輯可修改v1.0可編輯可修改PAGEPAGEPAGE12PAGE12v1.0可編輯可修改PAGEPAGE大學(xué)英語四六級聽力考試說明原四六級聽力題型試卷結(jié)構(gòu)測試內(nèi)容測試題型分值比例考試時間聽力理解聽力對話短對話選擇題（單選題)8%30分鐘長對話選擇題（單選題)7%聽力短文短文理解選擇題（單選題)10%短文聽寫單詞及詞組聽寫10%

一、四級聽力試題的調(diào)整取消短對話取消短文聽寫新增短篇新聞（3段）其余測試內(nèi)容不變。2016年6月四級聽力題型調(diào)整后四級聽力部分的試題結(jié)構(gòu)見下表：測試內(nèi)容測試題型題量分值比例短篇新聞3段選擇題（單選）7題7%（每題1分）長對話2篇選擇題（單選）8題8%（每題1分）聽力篇章3篇選擇題（單選）10題20%（每題2分）2016年6月四級聽力短篇新聞的考試指令：SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.二、六級聽力試題的調(diào)整取消短對話取消短文聽寫聽力篇章調(diào)整為2篇（原3篇）新增講座/講話（3篇）其他測試內(nèi)容不變。2016年6月四級聽力題型調(diào)整后六級聽力部分的試題結(jié)構(gòu)見下表：測試內(nèi)容測試題型題量分值比例長對話2篇選擇題（單選）8題8%（每題1分）聽力篇章2篇選擇題（單選）7題7%（每題1分）講座/講話3篇選擇題（單選）10題20%（每題2分）SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearrecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbysomequestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.四級聽力樣題Questions1and2willbebasedonthefollowingnewsitem.Kenyanpolicesayonepersonwaskilledand26injuredinanexplosionatabusstationincentralNairobi.TheblasthitabusabouttosetofffortheUgandancapitalKampala.LastJuly,theSomaligroupal-ShababsaiditwasbehindtheblastsintheUgandancapitalwhichkilledmorethan70people.WillRossreportsfromtheKenyancapital.

TheexplosionhappenedbesideabuswhichwasabouttosetoffforanovernightjourneyfromNairobitotheUgandancapitalKampala.Someeyewitnessesreportthatabagwasabouttobeloadedonboard,butitexplodedduringasecuritycheck.Windowsoftheredbuswereleftsmashed,andbloodcouldbeseenonthegroundbesidethevehicle.Justhoursearlier,Uganda’spolicechiefhadwarnedofpossibleChristmas-timeattacksbySomalirebels.1.Whatisthenewsreportmainlyabout？

2.WhendidtheincidentoccurQuestions1and2willbebasedonthefollowingnewsitem.Christmas-timeattacksmadebySomalirebels.

B)AnexplosionatabusstationincentralNairobi.

C)Thekillingofmorethan70UgandansinKampala.

D)BlastssetoffbyaSomaligroupinUganda’scapital.OnChristmasEve.

C)Duringasecuritycheck.

B)Justbeforemidnight.

D)Inthesmallhoursofthemorning.Questions3and4willbebasedonthefollowingnewsitem.WoolworthsisoneofthebestknownnamesontheBritishHighStreet.It’sbeeninbusinessnearlyacentury.Manyofits800storesarelikelytoclosefollowingthecompany’sdecisiontocallinadministratorsafteranattempttosellthebusinessforatoken￡1failed.

Thecompanyhashugedebts.TheimmediatecauseforthecollapsehasbeenBritain’sslidetowardrecession,whichhascutintoconsumerspending.However,thebusinesshadbeenintroubleforyears.

Knownforlow-pricedgeneralgoods,Woolworthshasstruggledinthefaceofcompetitionfromsupermarketsexpandingbeyondgroceriesandanewgenerationofinternetretailers.

Manyofthestoregroup’s25,000employeesarelikelytolosetheirjobs.SomeprofitableareassuchastheDVDpublishingbusinesswillsurvive.3.WhatdowelearnaboutWoolworthsfromthenewsreport？

4.WhatdidWoolworthsattempttodorecentlyQuestions3and4willbebasedonthefollowingnewsitem.3.

A)Itislikelytoclosemanyofitsstores.

B)Itisknownforthequalityofitsgoods.

C)Itremainscompetitiveintherecession.

D)Itwillexpanditsonlineretailbusiness.4.A)Expanditsbusinessbeyondgroceries.

B)Fire25,000ofitscurrentemployees.

C)CutitsDVDpublishingbusiness.

D)Sellthebusinessforonepound.Questions5to7willbebasedonthefollowingnewsitem.Cairoisknownforitsovercrowdedroads,irregulardrivingpracticesandshakyoldvehicles,butalsoforitsairpollution.Inrecentmonths,though,environmentalstudiesindicatetherehavebeensignsofimprovement.That’sdueinparttotheremovalofmanyofthecapital’sold-fashionedblackandwhitetaxis.Mostofthesedatedbacktothe1960sand70sandwereinapoorstateofrepair.

Afternewlegislationdemandedtheirremovalfromtheroads,alowinterestloanschemewassetupwiththreeEgyptianbankssodriverscouldbuynewcars.Thegovernmentpaysabout$900foroldonestobediscardedandadvertisingonthenewvehicleshelpscoverrepayments.

Theideahasprovedpopularwithcustomers―theycannowtravelinair-conditionedcomfortandbecausethenewcabsaremetered,theydon’thavetoargueoverfares.Banksandcarmanufacturersaregladfortheextrabusinessintougheconomictimes.Asforthetaxidrivers,mostaredelightedtobebehindthewheelofnewcars,althoughtherehavebeenafewcomplaintsaboutswitchingfromblackandwhitetoaplainwhitecolour.5.WhatchangetookplaceinCairorecently？

6.Whathelpedbringaboutthechange？

7.WhydocustomersnolongerarguewithnewcabdriversQuestions5to7willbebasedonthefollowingnewsitem.5.A)Alltaxisbegantousemeters.

B)Alltaxisgotairconditioning.

C)Advertisementswereallowedontaxis.

D)Oldtaxiswerereplacedwithnewcabs.6.A)Alowinterestloanscheme.

C)Taxipassengers’complaints.

B)Environmentalists’protests.

D)Permissionforcaradvertising.7.A)Therearenomoreirregularpractices.

B)Allnewcabsprovideair-conditioning.

C)Newcabsareallequippedwithmeters.

D)Newlegislationprotectsconsumerrights.SectionA1.

B

2.

C

3.

A

4.

D

5.

D

6.

A

7.

C六級聽力樣題Nowlistentothefollowingrecordingandanswerquestions16to19.Moderator（會議主持人）:

HelloLadiesandGentleman,itgivesmegreatpleasuretointroduceourkeynotespeakerfortoday’ssession,Dr.HowardMiller.Dr.Miller,ProfessorofSociologyatWashingtonUniversity,haswrittennumerousarticlesandbooksontheissuesfacingolderAmericansinourgrayingsocietyforthepast15years.Dr.Miller:Dr.Miller:

Thankyouforthatintroduction.Today,I’dliketoprefacemyremarkswithastoryfrommyownlifewhichIfeelhighlightsthecommonconcernsthatbringusheretogether.Severalyearsagowhenmygrandparentswerewellintotheireighties,theywerefacedwiththerealityofnolongerbeingabletoadequatelycareforthemselves.Mygrandfatherspokeofhisgreatestfear,thatofleavingtheonlyhometheyhadknownforthepast60years.Fightingbackthetears,hespokeproudlyofthefactthathehadbuilttheirhomefromthegroundup,andthathehadpoundedeverynailandlaideverybrickintheprocess.Theprospectofhavingtoselltheirhomeandgiveuptheirindependence,andmoveintoaretirementhomewasanextremelypainfulexperienceforthem.Itwas,inmygrandfather’sownwords,likehavingalimbcutoff.Heexclaimedinaforcefulmannerthathefelthewasn’timportantanymore.

ForthemandsomeolderAmericans,theirso-called“goldenyears”areattimesnotsopleasant,forthisperiodcanmeanthedeclineofnotonlyone’shealthbutthelossofidentityandself-worth.Inmanysocieties,thisself-identityiscloselyrelatedwithoursocialstatus,occupation,materialpossessions,orindependence.Furthermore,weoftenliveinsocietiesthatvaluewhatis“new”orinfashion,andourownusageofwordsintheEnglishlanguageisoftenasignofbadnewsforolderAmericans.Imeanhowwouldyourfamilyreactifyoucamehometonightexclaiming,“Hey,cometothelivingroomandseetheOLDblackandwhiteTVIbrought!”Unfortunately,theword“old”callstomindimagesoftheneedtoreplaceordiscard.

Now,manyofthelecturesgivenatthisconferencehavefocusedontheissuesofpensionreform,medicalcare,andthedevelopmentofpublicfacilitiesforseniorcitizens.Andwhilethesearevitalissuesthatmustbeaddressed,I’dliketofocusmycommentsonanimportantissuethatwillaffecttheoverallsuccessoftheotherprogramsmentioned.Thishastodowithchangingourperspectivesonwhatitmeanstobeapartofthisgroup,andfindingmeaningfulrolestheelderlycanplayandshouldplayinoursocieties.

Firstofall,I’dliketotalkabout...16.WhatdoestheintroductionsayaboutDr.HowardMiller’sarticlesandbooks？

17.WhatisthegreatestfearofDr.Miller’sgrandfather？

18.WhatdoesDr.Millersaythe“goldenyears”canoftenmean？

19.WhatisthefocusofDr.Miller’sspeechNowlistentothefollowingrecordingandanswerquestions16to19.16.

A)TheyinvestigatetheretirementhomesinAmerica.

B)TheyareonissuesfacingseniorcitizensinAmerica.

C)Theydescribethegreatpleasuresofthegoldenyears.

D)Theyarefilledwithfondmemoriesofhisgrandparents.17.

A)Thelossoftheabilitytotakecareofhimself.

B)Thefeelingofnotbeingimportantanymore.

C)Beingunabletofindagoodretirementhome.

D)Leavingthehomehehadlivedinfor60years.18.

A)Thelossofidentityandself-worth.

B)Fearofbeingreplacedordiscarded.

C)Freedomfrompressureandworldlycares.

D)Thepossessionofwealthandhighrespect.19.

A)Theurgencyofpensionreform.

B)Medicalcareforseniorcitizens.

C)Findingmeaningfulrolesfortheelderlyinsociety.

D)Thedevelopmentofpublicfacilitiesforseniorcitizens.Nowlistentothefollowingrecordingandanswerquestions20to22.20.

A)Itseriouslyimpactstheirphysicalandmentaldevelopment.

B)Ithasbecomeaproblemaffectingglobaleconomicgrowth.

C)Itisacommonproblemfoundinunderdevelopedcountries.

D)Itisanissueoftenoverlookedbyparentsinmanycountries.21.

A)Theywilllivelonger.

C)Theygetalongwellwithpeople.

B)Theygetbetterpay.

D)TheydevelopmuchhigherIQs.22.

A)Appropriatedfundstopromoteresearchofnutrient-richfoods.

B)Encouragedbreastfeedingforthefirstsixmonthsofachild’slife.

C)Recruitedvolunteerstoteachruralpeopleabouthealthandnutrition.

D)Targetedhunger-reliefprogramsatpregnantwomenandyoungchildren.Nowlistentothefollowingrecordingandanswerquestions20to22.The2010GlobalHungerIndexreportwasreleasedtodaybytheInternationalFoodPolicyResearchInstitute(IFPRI).Itnotesthat,inrecentyears,expertshavecometotheconclusionthatundernourishmentbetweenconceptionandachild’ssecondbirthdaycanhaveseriousandlong-lastingimpacts.

Undernourishmentduringthisapproximately1,000-daywindowcanseriouslycheckthegrowthanddevelopmentofchildrenandrenderthemmorelikelytogetsickanddiethanwell-fedchildren.Preventinghungerallowschildrentodevelopbothphysicallyandmentally.

SaysIFPRI’sMarieRuel,“Theywillbemorelikelytoperformwellinschool.Theywillstayinschoollonger.Andthenatadulthood,IFPRIhasactuallydemonstratedthatchildrenwhowerebetternourishedhavehigherwages,byaprettylargemargin,by46percent.”

Ruelsaysthatmeanstheproductivityofanation’sfuturegenerationsdependsinalargepartonthefirst1,000daysoflife.

“Thisiswhywe’reallonboardinfocusingonthosethousanddaystoimprovenutrition.Afterthat,thedamageisdoneandishighlyirreversible.”

Thedataonnutritionandchildhooddevelopmenthasbeenslowlycomingtogetherfordecades.ButRuelsaysscientificconsensusalonewillnotsolvetheproblem.

“It’snotenoughthatnutritionistsknowyouhavetointervenethen,ifwedon’thavethepoliticiansonboard,andalsothe...peoplethatimplement[programs]inthefield.”

Ruelsaysthereareencouragingsignsthatpoliticiansandimplementersarebeginningtogetonboard.ManymajordonorsandtheUnitedNationsaretargetinghunger-reliefprogramsatpregnantwomenandyoungchildren.Theyfocusonimprovingdietsorprovidingmicro-foodsupplements.Theyimproveaccesstopre-birthcareandencourageexclusivebreastfeedingforthefirstsixmonthsofachild’slife.

Ruelsaysinthe1980sThailandwasabletoreducechildundernourishmentbyrecruitingalargenumberofvolunteerstotravelthecountrysideteachingabouthealthandnutrition.

“Theyreallydidveryactivepromotionofdiversityinthedietandgoodeatinghabits.Sotheywereprovidingmorefoodtopeople,butalsoeducatingpeopleonhowtousethem,andalsoeducatingpeopleonhowtofeedtheiryoungchildren.”

Ruelsayscountriesmaytakedifferentapproachestoreducingchildundernutrition.Butshesaysnationswillnotmakeprogressfightinghungerandpovertyuntiltheybegintofocusonthosecriticalfirstthousanddays.20.Whatistheexperts’conclusionregardingchildren’sundernourishmentintheirearliestdaysoflife

21.WhatdoesIFPRI’sMarieRuelsayaboutwell-fedchildrenintheiradultlife？

22.WhatdidThailanddotoreducechildundernourishmentinthe1980sNowlistentothefollowingrecordingandanswerquestions23to25.I’dliketolookatavitalaspectofe-commerce,andthatisthenatureoftheproductorservice.Therearecertainproductsandservicesthatareverysuitableforsellingonline,andothersthatsimplydon’twork.

Suitableproductsgenerallyhaveahighvalue-to-weightratio.ItemssuchasCDsandDVDsareobviousexamples.Books,althoughheavierandsomoreexpensivetopost,stillhaveahighenoughvalue-to-weightratio,asthesuccessofAmazon,whichstartedoffsellingonlybooks,shows.Laptopcomputersareanothergoodproductforsellingonline.

Digitalproducts,suchassoftware,filmsandmusic,canbesoldinapurelyvirtualenvironment.Thegoodsarepaidforbyonlinetransactions,andthendownloadedontothebuyer’scomputer.Therearenopostageordeliverycosts,sopricescanbekeptlow.

Manysuccessfulvirtualcompaniesprovidedigitalservices,suchasfinancialtransactions,inthecaseofPaypal,ormeansofcommunication,asSkypedoes.Thekeytosuccesshereisprovidinganeasy-to-use,reliableservice.Dothisandyoucaneasilybecomethemarketleader,asSkypehasproved.

Productswhicharepotentiallyembarrassingtobuyalsodowellinthevirtualenvironment.Someofthemostprofitablee-commercecompaniesarethosesellingsex-relatedproductsorservices.Forasimilarreason,onlinegamblingishighlypopular.

Productswhichareusuallyconsideredunsuitableforsellingonlineincludethosethathav